During a blow-out, very rapid tire pressure is experienced. The tire pressure monitoring
system is not intended to warn the driver of a blow-out, since it is not possible to give the
driver sufficient warning that such an event is occurring, due to its short duration. The
design of the tire pressure monitoring system is to assist the driver in keeping the tires at
the correct pressure, which may reduce the likelihood of a tire blow-out occurring.
Principles of Operation
On driving off at a speed of more than 20 kph (12.5 mph) the central junction box (CJB)
sends a low-frequency (LF) signal to each tire pressure monitoring system antenna in turn.
Each antenna initiates its specific tire low pressure sensor. The corresponding tire low
pressure sensor responds after detecting its LF signal by sending a radio frequency (RF)
(315 MHz or 433 MHz depending on market) signal. These signals contain data which
corresponds to tire low pressure sensor identification, tire pressure, tire temperature and
vehicle acceleration information.
As each wheel responds to the LF signal from the CJB, it is assigned a position on the
vehicle and is monitored for the remainder of that drive cycle in that position.
The tire pressure monitoring system antennas operate in turn for 15 seconds in the
following order:
Left-hand front
Right-hand front
Right-hand rear
Left-hand rear
Each tire low pressure sensor responds in turn so that the CJB can establish the tire low
pressure sensor positions at the start of the drive cycle. This process is repeated up to 3
times but less if the tire low pressure sensor positions are already known in the CJB. This
process takes 3 to 4 minutes to complete. During this period the tire low pressure sensors
transmit at regular intervals once every 15 seconds. For the remainder of the drive cycle
the tire low pressure sensors transmit once every 60 seconds or if a change in tire pressure
is sensed until the vehicle stops and the tire pressure monitoring system returns to park
mode.
The low tire pressure warning occurs at 25% + 35% deflation and consists of amber and
red warning lamp indicators and an appropriate message displayed in the information and
message center. The information and message center will also display additional
information about the position of the affected tire(s).
The tire pressure monitoring system enters the park mode after the vehicle speed has been
less than 20 km/h (12.5 mph) for 15 minutes. In park mode the tire low pressure sensors
transmit a coded signal to the CJB once every 13 hours. If the tire pressure decreases by
more than 0.06 bar (1 lbf/in²) within the 13 hours, the tire low pressure sensor will
transmit more often as the tire pressure is lost.
Tire Low Pressure Sensor
The tire pressure monitoring system uses active tire low pressure sensors which are
mounted on each wheel, inside the tire cavity. The tire low pressure sensor is retained in
position by the tire valve nut to the wheel. The tire low pressure sensors transmit their RF