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Национальный доклад «Молодежь Казахстана – 2014» - часть 14

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«Youth of Kazakhstan - 2014»

225

companies over the past two years. Firstly, the statistics

5.1. YOUTH AND THE LABOR MARKET

apparently show that opened enterprises in this

Youth employment plays a decisive role in the socio-

sector are not attractive for young people; secondly,

economic development of the country. Besides such

the number of job losses on the enterprises is greater

than the number of created positions; thirdly, working

an important feature as the successful integration

conditions, career opportunities and salaries do not

of young people in society, it solves a wide range of

tasks, including achievement of social reproduction,

meet the needs of the youth.

increased productivity, strengthening of young people

A slight decrease (1.3 thousand people) is observed in

competitiveness on the labor market.

the sector of mining industry and quarrying, which may

indicate the stability and presence of the demand for

Analysis of the youth employment structure by

mined materials.

economic activity in comparison to 2010 (Fig. 5.1) allows

to make several observations.

There was an increase in the construction, information

Comparative information, presented in the table, show

and communications spheres, insurance and financial

a significant decrease in the number of people employed

services. The accommodation and nutrition services

employment saw twofold increase. More than

360

in agriculture, fisheries and forestry. This trend is caused

thousand people are engaged in repair services,

by a decrease in the rate of agriculture, fisheries and

forestry development and population outflow due to

wholesale and retail trade.

increased urbanization processes.

Thus, the analysis of the young people’s status on

The number of employed young people in the

labor market gives an evidence of relatively positive

quantitative indicators.

manufacturing industry fell by

6 thousand despite

However, there are significant issues with the quality

the opening of a significant number of manufacturing

Fig. 5.1

Youth employment throughout RK (aged 15-28 years) by economic

activity (thousands)

Employed in

2010

2,180.4

the economy,

2nd quarter of 2014

2,255.6

total

Name of branches:

2nd quarter

2010

of 2014

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

718.6

562.9

Industry

209.6

211.0

Mining and quarrying

47.9

46.6

Manufacturing industry

126.5

120.5

Electric power supply, gas and steam supply, air conditioning

22.4

32.2

Water supply, sewage system, control over waste

12.8

11.8

collection and distribution

Construction

169.8

185.9

Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles

360.2

363.7

Transportation and warehousing

115.8

139.2

Services for accommodation and nutrition

28.8

57.6

Information and communication

30.1

43.8

Finance and insurance

33.5

53.7

Real estate transactions

39.4

31.3

Professional, scientific and technical activities

41.9

56.2

Activities in the field of administrative and support services

37.6

51.7

Public administration and defense, compulsory social security

94.7

114.5

Education

173.4

195.2

Health and social services

61.5

90.1

Arts, entertainment and recreation

25.2

36.7

Provision of other services

34.8

60.5

Activities of households who employ domestic workers

5.6

1.7

and produce goods and services for personal consumption

Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies

0.2

-

Source: Statistics Committee of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

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«Youth of Kazakhstan - 2014»

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Fig. 5.2

Fig. 5.3

Key indicators of youth

Young people work, %

labor market

2,407.4

2,365.0

Economically active population,

thousand persons

2,266.6

2,255.6

Yes

39.7%

60.3%

Employed, thousand persons

No

1,534.6

1,573.2

Salaried employees, thousand persons

731.9

682.4

Self-employed, thousand persons

According to the data of SRC “Youth”

140.9

109.4

Unemployed population, thousand persons

year was 1,380.4 thousand people. Secondly, the factors

1,550.2

specific to individual sexes have an impact on the youth

1,556.0

labor market: for men - service in the armed forces, for

Economically inactive population,

women - the birth of children. Thirdly, factors associated

thousand persons

with not complete data on employment of households

5.9

(primarily private farms). In addition, migration is high

4.6

among young people.

The youth unemployment rate, %

An important issue to date, despite some downward

trend, remains relatively high proportion of self-

3.3

2.8

employed people aged 15-28 years, which constitutes

Long-term unemployment, %

about 30% of the total employed population, while

8.4

this ratio is

2-3 times lower in developed countries

8.6

[1]. According to the Statistics Committee data, about

Proportions of NEET out of the total number

70% of the total number of self-employed youth

of Kazakh youth aged 15-28 years (%)

accounted for are rural residents. The largest share of

2nd quarter 2013

self-employed rural youth is self-occupied youth (469.8

2nd quarter 2014

thousand people or 91% in 2013). As a rule, rural youth

Source: Statistics Committee of the Ministry

are employed in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, as

of National Economy RK

well as in retail and have low and unstable incomes.

Analysis of the qualitative composition of the self-

parameters of youth labor market and competitiveness:

employed rural youth suggests that a substantial part

many young people including those with higher and

of them perform low-skilled labor, while in developed

secondary vocational education are self-employed in

countries the corresponding figures feature a significant

sectors that employ unskilled labor, such as agriculture

share of skilled labor. The state is attempting to revive

or trade.

and reform the agriculture within the framework of

According to the Statistics Committee results for

the rural support year, the program of agro-industrial

the 2nd quarter of 2014, the main indicators of the

complex development "Agribusiness - 2020" allocating

youth labor market did not see significant changes in

significant assignations from the state budget. Achieving

comparison with the same period of 2013 (Fig. 5.2).

the overwhelming majority of the declared objectives of

However, according to the results of sociological

agricultural development would greatly contribute to

research, 60.3% of respondents aged 14 to 29 years were

the long-term stabilization of youth employment and

not employed or employed part-time (Fig. 5.3).

the labor market in general.

The respondents who answered "No" (60.3%), include

In

2014, the world has witnessed a growth in the

economically inactive population that composed 1,556

number of unemployed young people by 4.1 million

thousand people (Fig. 5.2). They are, primarily, students

compared to 2007, the corresponding figure composed

of various forms of education. According to the Statistics

73.6 million people. Experts predict that this figure

Committee data, the number of 15-28 years old people

will continue to grow up to 2018 year. Much of the

who are economically inactive due to "studies (full-

unemployed young people traditionally live in the states

time)" in the Republic of Kazakhstan at the end of 2013

of Africa and Middle East. While one of the characteristic

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Fig. 5.4

Level of general and youth unemployment in the Republic of Kazakhstan (%)

16.6

Level of youth unemployment (%)

14.7

Level of general unemployment (%)

12.7

12.6

11.9

11.5

Source: Statistics Committee of the Ministry

9.7

of National Economy RK

8.4

8.5

10.4

9.3

8.8

6.6

8.4

6.1

8.1

7.8

5.4

5.5

7.3

5.1

6.6

6.6

5.8

5.4

5.3

5.2

4.6

The 2nd

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

quarter of 2014

features of the global economic crisis, which started in

Over the

2011-2014 years,

21 thousand college

2008, was an increase in the number of unemployed

graduates and 35 thousand university graduates remain

young population in developed countries.

unemployed (Fig.

5.5). In connection with this, the

The level of youth unemployment in the advanced

improvement of monitoring the labor market methods

economies in 2013 was 18.2%. In some states of seemingly

and improving the quality of training continue to be

invariably prosperous Europe, such as Greece or Spain,

issues of major concern.

the youth unemployment rate exceeded 50% [2].

Every year in Kazakhstan over 300 thousand people

In terms of youth employment, youth unemployment

graduate from universities and colleges. 79% of them

and the Gini coefficient (cross-country context) the labor

get employment within their specialty in the first year

market in Kazakhstan demonstrates stable situation [3].

after graduation.

Overall, throughout the country there is a gradual

Every year, on average, 92 thousand school graduates

decrease in the level of general and youth unemployment.

and colleges/universities dropouts are left without

As of the 2nd quarter of 2014, youth unemployment rate

qualifications and this situation can lead to an increase

composed 4.6%.

in unemployment rate and youth crime [4].

However, the problematic issue is the employment

Regionally, a large number of young residents of

of young people in the first year after their graduation,

Almaty city

(15,843) South Kazakhstan

(12,256) and

which affects the unemployment rate among young

Karaganda

(8,280) regions annually remain without

people.

qualifications

(Fig.

5.6). The growth of the religious

Fig. 5.5

Employment of young people in the first year after their graduation

from colleges/universities

Total number of graduates from VET (full time study) - 130,149 persons (100%)

Accepted to higher

Drafted

Employed

Accepted to VET

Left the RK

Not employed

education institutes

into military

89,148 persons

1,194 persons

1,218 persons

21,136 persons

14,039 persons

3,413 persons

(68.5%)

(0.9%)

(0.9%)

(16.2%)

(10.8%)

(2.6%)

Total number of university graduates (full time study) - 178,571 persons (100%)

Continued studies

Drafted

Left the RK/

Employed

Not employed

in Master’s program

into military

maternity leave

123,793 persons

34,754 persons

16,148 persons

987 persons

2,889 persons

(69.3%)

(19.5%)

(9%)

(0.6%)

(1.6%)

Source: Ministry of Education and Science RK

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«Youth of Kazakhstan - 2014»

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activity of the population and increase in the number of

unemployed young people in the southern regions, pose

Fig. 5.7

a risk of their involvement in non-conventional religious

organizations advocating extremist ideology.

Structure of the vacancies in the

To lower the unemployment rate, it is necessary to

professional spheres in Kazakhstan,

carry out further systematic monitoring of graduates

employment through public bodies, the development

the top 10 (% of the total jobs)

and implementation of dual education system and

training of personnel that meets the labor market needs.

20.0

As Forbes.kz noted, the research service company

19.4

Retail

Headhunter analyzed the vacancies on the Kazakhstan

9.5

labor market in the 3rd quarter of 2014 and identified the

7.5

most popular professions for the period (Fig. 5.7).

IT, Internet, Telecom

6.2

7.2

Administrative personnel

Fig. 5.6

6.5

7.0

Accounting, corporate budgeting

The main youth labor market

6.0

6.5

indicators by regions

Marketing, Advertisement, PR

5.6

6.2

1,453

3,666

10,724

15,843

Construction, real estate

Almaty city

5.1

5.2

2,164

3,080

7,012

12,256

Transportation, logistics

South Kazakhstan region

2.5

5.1

1,410

3,314

3,476

8,200

Tourism, hotels, restaurants

Karaganda region

4.4

4.9

2,428

3,493

376

6,297

Banks, investment, leasing

East Kazakhstan region

7.1

4.9

1,112

2,471

2,221

5,804

Production

Zhambyl region

2,121

2,579

524

5,224

3rd quarter of 2013

Almaty region

3rd quarter of 2014

Source: Forbes.kz

1,455

2,128

1,577

5,160

Kostanay region

1,998

1,824

1,008

4,830

Today, the “sales manager” position is in high demand

Aktobe region

at the labor market, which means that trade industry

is growing, as well as there is high turnover rate. Many

400

1,796

2,636

4,832

graduates of numerous universities and colleges cannot

Astana city

find employment in their fields and obtain employment

1,103

1,840

1,160

4,103

in this sector at the initial stage of their career.

West Kazakhstan region

Currently, the MES RK is developing new mechanisms

1,269

1,120

1,592

3,981

for identifying employment of graduates to study trends

Kyzylorda region

on the labor market with subsequent correction of

1,967

753

792

3,512

education policy.

Atyrau region

579

1,990

724

3,293

5.2 YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Pavlodar region

605

1,535

944

3,084

Youth entrepreneurship is one of the priority directions

Akmola region

of small and medium-sized enterprises

(hereinafter

- SME) development in Kazakhstan. Today, there are

1,075

1,067

452

2,594

many programs to support youth entrepreneurship. The

Mangystau region

project "Business Adviser" which was developed within

510

1,445

394

2,349

the program "Business Roadmap - 2020" supports young

North Kazakhstan region

entrepreneurs. This project is a tool for non-financial

School graduates

support of startup entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship

VET dropouts

Development Fund "Damu" has such programs as

Source: Ministry of Education

University dropouts

and Science RK

"Damu-Komek", "Entrepreneurship Support Center" and

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"Financing program of leasing transactions of SMEs".

centers and villages of the country, which could attract

Along with these programs, we should note the

people who want to set up their own business, but do

Development Bank of Kazakhstan, the National Agency

not know how to start [5].

for Technological Development that supports the

At the initiative of National Management Holding

creation of technology parks and business incubators,

"Baiterek" and Entrepreneurship Development Fund

"KazAgroFinance", the Fund of Financial Support

"Damu", entrepreneurs’ service centers are established

for Agriculture, the National Agency for Export and

at the local levels. All state assistance programs for

Investment

“Kaznex Invest”, Kazakhstan Industry

entrepreneurs will be coordinated via the centers, which

Development Institute as effective tools to support

will help to attract youth in entrepreneurship, which

youth entrepreneurship.

is primarily constrained by the lack of information,

Among the international programs we can emphasize

investment education and skills.

the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development,

In the Address to the people of Kazakhstan "Nurly Zhol

as well as

“SES” the Senior Experts Services from

- The Path to the Future", the President, N.A. Nazarbayev,

Germany, the Program of Special American Business

said: "We need to continue to support small and medium

Internship Training in the US “SABIT”.

businesses and business activities. We should continue

However, the provided assistance is fragmented and

our work to develop small and medium businesses as a

inefficient, there is a high proportion of non-performing

driver of economic growth and increase their share up

SMEs, low productivity of small businesses and individual

to 50 per cent of GDP by 2050. Therefore, we need to use

entrepreneurs. Still there is a small share of the regional

loan services for small and medium businesses more

SME sector in total employment.

effectively provided by the Asian Development Bank,

Nevertheless, despite the existing problems, data

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development,

of sociological studies show the increasing role of the

and the World Bank for the total amount of 155 billion

entrepreneurship among youth (Fig. 5.8).

tenge in 2015-2017" [6].

To attract the self-employed people in SMEs is

The Head of the State allocated 100 billion tenge

one of the main goals of the National Chamber of

aimed at supporting and providing loans to SMEs

Entrepreneurs. In order to do this, it plans to open the

and large businesses. An upgrading of financial and

entrepreneurship schools in all regions, in the regional

economic mechanisms of loan services is aimed at the

development of youth entrepreneurship.

In

2011, the Association of Young Entrepreneurs

of Kazakhstan

(hereinafter

- the Association) was

Fig. 5.8

established to coordinate the activities of young

entrepreneurs, as well as to represent and protect their

Young people’s attitude towards

interests, contributing fully to the creation of favorable

engagement with entrepreneurship

conditions for the development of their activities. The

Association conducts an ongoing consultations for

activity, %

young entrepreneurs. Since the beginning of 2014 about

120 young entrepreneurs appealed to the association for

consultations.

6.1%

Regular work to identify the various problems that are

hindering the development of youth entrepreneurship,

20.1%

as well as the organization of free workshops, training

sessions and debates for young entrepreneurs are

41.3%

underway. The Association is implementing the "Shabyt"

project, which aims to translate into Kazakh language

the famous business books in order to motivate young

people to become entrepreneurs.

31.7%

Particular attention by association is devoted to

youth intending to become entrepreneurs. Thus, in 2014

alone 25 business meetings with young entrepreneurs

and youth of Kazakhstan were organized which were

I would like to set up my own business,

attended by foreign experts.

but I do not have enough money for it

I would like to set up my own business,

5.3 SOCIAL SUPPORT OF YOUTH

but I do not know how to do it

I do not have appropriate skills

The government is taking significant measures to

for doing business

provide social support for young people.

Cannot say

In 2013, "Employment Program - 2020" was included into

According to the data of SRC “Youth”,

the "Employment Roadmap - 2020" program. The goal of

the diagram does not display values less than 1%

the Roadmap is to improve the welfare of the population

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Fig. 5.9

Distribution of registered unemployed youth as of January 1, 2014

Gender

Place of residence

Age

16.6%

32.5%

37.3%

16-19

Male

City/Town

43.3%

20-24

56.7%

Female

Village

25-28

67.5%

46.1%

Education

Other

2.4%

52.1%

Elementary

Permanent employment

27.6%

45.9%

General secondary

New jobseekers

43.8%

11.6%

Vocational secondary

Applicants/enrollees

26.3%

Source: Statistics Committee

Higher education

of the Ministry of National Economy RK

sport and veterinary with or without working experience

***

in the field, to the countryside where there is lack of

specialists. The project provides a one-time subsidy plus

Analysis of youth of Kazakhstan situation on the labor

subsidized housing loan and compensation in the form

market permits several conclusions.

of higher rate of wage. As of early 2014, the number of

The situation of youth labor market is characterized

participants in the project "With diploma to the village!"

by relatively positive quantitative indicators, however,

many young people are self-employed in sectors that

composed 12,031 people.

employ unskilled labor, such as agriculture or trade.

Another project, "Zhasyl el", provides seasonal

Key indicators of youth labor market have not

employment for young people as they plant trees,

undergone significant changes in comparison with

conduct laying and maintenance of parks and other

previous years.

green spaces, also they take a part in environmental

There is a high level of education attainment among

projects.

youth of Kazakhstan, which continues to rise.

Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development

Young people are more likely to become self-employed

maintains an information portal "Work", which contains

than adults. In urban areas, their share in youth

information about the available job vacancies and

employment is 20%, in rural areas it is almost 50%.

advice on how to write a resume or cover letter and how

About 60% of self-employed young people work in

to prepare for an interview with the employer. Some

agriculture, and more than 20% are in retail - in two

vacancies in some regions are also available on the web

sectors that employ unskilled labor.

portal "Electronic youth labor exchange".

A quarter of the working population in Kazakhstan is

Measures promoting youth employment and supporting

informally employed; 40% of them are hired workers and

entrepreneurship create positive expectations among

60% are self-employed. Self-employment is much more

the youth. Thus, the online consultations reveal that

common among the young people.

65.72% of young people believe that their life will be

In addition, the present state of youth labor

better than the life of their parents.

market is characterized by the following features:

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6.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF

Fig. 6.1

OFFENCES IN THE YOUTH ENVIRONMENT

Information on the registration of crimes

Our government is building a social policy on the basis

committed by minors

of a safety concept that assumes an extensive network

of various departmental agencies, which provide social,

59

6 months of 2013

legal, psychological, medical and educational assistance

64

6 months of 2014

to children and families at risk. The juvenile courts that

Astana city

Source: Committee

protect the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of

162

on Legal Statistics

minors and limit punitive measures against them are

110

and Special Records

functioning. A lot of effort is being made on perfecting

Akmola region

of the General

the justice system reform for children that is aimed at

Prosecutor RK

84

creation of a comprehensive child-friendly legal system

57

in line with international standards.

Aktobe region

Youth crime is caused by a myriad of factors that have

102

socio-economic, socio-psychological and educational

140

contexts. Youth socialization defects mainly determine

Almaty city

criminalization of young people.

146

Analysis of youth crime involves taking into

173

consideration age categories. In the criminal statistics

Almaty region

there is a separation of young people into age brackets:

89

young people from 14 to 18 years old are considered as

51

"adolescents" or "minors" and from 18 to 24 as "youth"

Atyrau region

and from 25 to 29 as "young adults".

290

An analysis of statistics provided by the Committee

267

on Legal Statistics and Special Records of the General

East Kazakhstan region

Prosecutor of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter

133

- the Committee) on the state of crime for 6 months

101

of 2014, revealed a 5.4% decrease in crime rate (from

Zhambyl region

177,896 to 168,132 cases) for the entire country compared

95

with the same period in 2013. There is also a decrease in

64

the number of criminal offenders from 48,833 to 47,589

West Kazakhstan region

people. The decreasing crime trend is also applicable to

269

minors. Their share (share of those who are 14-18 years

232

out of all young people who have committed crimes)

Karaganda region

in the first half of this year was 4.4% or 2,108 persons,

69

which is 23% less than in the previous period (2,736 for

43

6 months of 2013).

Kyzylorda region

The decrease in juvenile crime is clearly seen when

142

analysing the data by regions (Fig. 6.1). In comparison

129

with the same period of last year, over the 6 months

Kostanay region

of this year the number of offenses committed by

49

young people increased only in the Almaty region, as

45

well as in the cities of Almaty and Astana. Meanwhile,

Mangystau region

the proportion of such crimes is still high in Karaganda

92

(5.2%), East Kazakhstan (4.3%) and South Kazakhstan

80

(4.1%) oblasts.

Pavlodar region

Quantitative analysis of young people’s age who

55

committed crimes in the first half of 2014 year revealed

46

that many offenders were the representatives of the

North Kazakhstan region

older age group (between ages 18-20 - 5,597 people

271

(20.5%) and between ages 21-29 - 20,274 people (74.4%)).

189

While young people aged 14 - 15 and 16-17, 412 (1.5% of

South Kazakhstan region

the total) and 1,695 (6.2% of the total) offenders were

registered, respectively.

order - around 17% (hooliganism) and against property -

According to the Committee, in 2013 and in current

more than 65% (theft, robbery).

year the general structure of crimes did not change

With regard to the gravity of crime, the largest

significantly. The main segment

- crimes against a

proportion of committed crimes falls in the category

person - about 8% (murder, rape), public safety and

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of medium gravity - about 65-66%. Serious and very

crimes against minors were registered in the first half of

serious crimes are committed mostly by 21-29 year old

this year. This is 3% less than over the same period of

young people, so only 990 out of 3,190 criminal acts

the last year (5,077 cases), the number of violent offenses

were committed by 18-20 year old in the first half of the

also declined by 26.1% (from 1,838 to 1,358) (Fig. 6.2).

current year.

Most of the crimes are committed against property

Youth organized crime groups are reality, in particular

59% or 2,306 cases (63.9% or 3,245 during the 6 months

49 people in 2013 and 9 people in the first half of this

of 2013), person - 20.7% or 808 cases (16.3% or 826),

year were charged under the article 235 of the Criminal

and public safety and public order - 10.9% or 428 cases

Code "Creation and leadership of an organized group in

(12.2% or 617). In other words, children are more likely

order to commit a crime".

to become victims of theft, robbery, hooliganism, sexual

During the 6 months of the current year 3,079 crimes,

intercourse or other sexual activities, fraud.

which were committed by the people with previous

In terms of regions, each ninth crime against a juvenile

criminal record, were registered. The bulk of the relapses

was registered in Almaty city (448) and Karaganda region

are among the people aged between 21 and 29 - 3,564,

(431), every thirteenth in the South Kazakhstan region.

between 18 and 20 - 745, between 14 and 17 - 173. The

In particular, in Almaty city every second and in the

most disadvantaged in this category are Kostanay (17%),

Karaganda region every third minor victim encountered

East Kazakhstan (10.6% ), Pavlodar (12.6%) regions.

theft, most of the time a cell phone was stolen (Fig. 6.3).

The crime issue is the most acute among unemployed

In opposite the children of South Kazakhstan region

youth. According to the Committee, in 2013 the number

are more exposed to hooliganism (49 offenses of 308

of unemployed who have committed crimes between

registered), robbery (43), sexual offences (31). In this

ages 18 and 29 was 41,682, which was 2.5% more than in

case, more than 60% of victims aged between 14-15.

2012 (40,607). In the first half of this year more than half

As a result of joint medical institutions and internal

of offenders between ages 14 and 29 (18,450 out of 27,229)

affairs bodies review more than 360 cases of underage

were unemployed.

pregnancy registration were revealed (Karaganda - 99

Most of the unemployed offenders during the

Kostanay - 51, Almaty - 50, Astana city - 33, Almaty city

6 months of the current year were between 21 and

- 29, Aktobe - 1, Zhambyl - 22, North Kazakhstan - 17,

29 years old

(14,556); by regions

- East Kazakhstan

Kyzylorda - 16, West Kazakhstan - 18, Mangystau - 11,

(2,362), Karaganda (1,864) oblasts, Almaty city (2,284).

Pavlodar - 4, East Kazakhstan - 17). The cases of sexual

The number of minors convicted of administrative

intercourse with underage young people are crimes from

offences is decreasing, in particular 16.1 thousand in 2013

the legal perspective.

(compared to 18 thousand in 2012) or 0.5% of the total

The problem of children abduction is acute. So, in

3.2 million (2.6 mln.) recorded administrative offenses

Kazakhstan during

6 months of the current year 11

(dynamics constituted -10.6%).

crimes (13 - in 2013) were registered under the article

Analysis of 6 months of this year shows that this trend

133 "Trafficking of minors" of the Criminal Code. Of the

is continuing. So, during the period in total 1.3 million

20 investigated criminal cases 40% (8) were pending

administrative offences were recorded, including

5.4

review by the court, 25% (5) were suspended because

thousand or 0.4% committed by juveniles, which is 37.1%

of the failure to identify a person of interest. The above

less than during 6 months in 2013.

The structure of the offenses in 2013 and in the first

half of 2014 is about the same. The largest share (about

Fig. 6.2

63%) were offenses against the public order and morals,

Dynamics of crimes committed

which include the breach of peace - 10-12%, drinking

alcohol or appearance in public drunk - 5-6%, a violation

against minors

of the ban on smoking in certain public places - 27-31%.

Crimes committed against minors

Petty theft of someone’s property remains one of

Violent offences (out of total)

the common offenses against property. Compared to

the same period of the previous year, the increase was

5,077

1.5 times (from 18 to 31 cases) and in the current year

(6 months of the current year) more than two-fold (from 12

3,908

to 28 cases). The number of the "hooliganism committed

by juveniles" offenses also increased. In 2013 the number

of offenses classified under this article grew 1.5 times

1,838

and reached - 741 (in 2012 it was 413), during 6 months of

1,358

2013 - 450 cases, whereas in 2014 - 543 cases.

In terms of regions in the current year, the highest rates

of administrative offenses were committed by juveniles

in Astana and Almaty cities and East Kazakhstan region.

6 months of 2013

6 months of 2014

Infringement of security and livelihood of minors is

Source: Committee on Legal Statistics and Special Records

a serious issue for the entire society. Thus, according

of the General Prosecutor RK

to the analysis of the Committee statistical data, 3,908

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National Report

Scientific-Research

236

«Youth of Kazakhstan - 2014»

Center "Youth"

statistics show extremely dangerous phenomena in

traffic accidents grew (hereinafter - RTA) by 1.7% (from

society that are harmful to health, psychology and moral

8,462 to 8,608), which were recorded compared to the

character of young generation.

same period last year. Meanwhile, 6,347 of the total RTA

Meanwhile, there is a decrease in the number of

victims are children and young people aged from 14 to

missing and wanted minors. According to the Ministry of

29 years (53.2%).

Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 72 persons

Almaty city accounts for the greatest number of the

were missing at the beginning of 2014, which is 13.3%

reported road accidents 2,425 (2013 - 6 months of 2013);

less than at the beginning of previous year (83). The

16.3% in the South Kazakhstan - 1,408 (1,442); 9.2% in

number of wanted - 292 persons, which is also 31% less

Almaty region - 799 (695); 6.7% in East Kazakhstan - 580

than for the same period of last year (423). Percentage

(617); 6.3% in Zhambyl - 549 (690) regions. It is worth to

of found individuals, who were wanted, in the first half

note the absence of the legal culture, respect for other

of this year was 92.1% (91.7% during 6 months of 2013).

drivers and pedestrians among most of road users. The

Death resulting from traffic accidents is a pressing

main causes of accidents caused by drivers are speeding,

social issue. According to the statistics of the Committee,

violation of rules regulating pedestrian crossings, driving

during the 6 months of this year a number of the road

on oncoming traffic line, as well as violation of rules by

pedestrians due to jaywalking.

A more positive trend is a decline of drug use offenses

in the country. According to the statistics of the

Fig. 6.3

Committee, in the first half of 2014 the law enforcement

agencies reported a total of 1,987 criminal offenses under

Information on the crimes committed

this category, versus 2,155 - during the same period in

against minors by regions

2013, or 7.8% less. In addition, health service providers

184

6months of 2013

report decreasing number of drug users (registered).

260

6months of 2014

Thus, in the analyzed period, their number decreased by

Astana city

8.3% (from 40,364 to 37,003 people).

235

165

However, despite the decrease in the total drug

Akmola region

users number there is an increase of the psychotropic

281

substance abusers (from 4,652 in the first half of 2013

182

Aktobe region

to 5,019 for 6 months of 2014). The number of crimes

583

related to illegal purchase, transportation or storage

448

Almaty city

of drugs for the purpose of resale also increased from

315

388 during the 6 months of 2013 to 411 during the same

247

period in 2014 (5.9%).

Almaty region

193

Finding of an exact number of juvenile drug users

150

remains an important issue due to insufficient

Atyrau region

interagency cooperation, the lack of proper parental

430

266

control.

East Kazakhstan region

This conclusion is supported by looking at information

354

on registration of persons using drugs, psychotropic

257

Zhambyl region

substances and precursors by age groups (Fig. 6.4).

253

264

West Kazakhstan region

6.2 SUICIDE ISSUE AMONG YOUTH

584

431

Karaganda region

Currently, suicide and suicide attempts are very urgent

134

issues for society of Kazakhstan. Thus, according to the

150

World Health Organization, Kazakhstan ranked 10th in

Kyzylorda region

360

the world by the number of suicides and among the top

278

three countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet

Kostanay region

Union by the significance of problem [1].

224

86

During 8 months of the current year 628 cases of

Mangystau region

completed suicide among children and young people

450

aged 9 to 29 years were recorded in the country (for

271

Pavlodar region

the same period in 2013 - 641 cases were recorded): 130

104

people between ages 9-18, 498 people between ages

94

North Kazakhstan region

18-29 (Fig. 6.5). The data presented by the Committee,

353

clearly shows that the "youth" suicide exceeds

308

"adolescent" suicide by almost four times.

South Kazakhstan region

Of the 628 cases 494 suicides were committed by

Source: Committee on Legal Statistics and Special Records

males and 134 by females. On average the number of

of the General Prosecutor RK

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Scientific-Research

National Report

Center "Youth"

«Youth of Kazakhstan - 2014»

237

recruit young people to achieve their goals. In addition,

Fig. 6.4

the development of technology increases young people’s

exposure to radical ideas of extremist and terrorist

Data on number of persons who use drugs,

organizations. Today the main source of "knowledge"

psychotropic substances and precursors

for young people is the Internet, and extremist religious

by age groups

movements use it to recruit young people into their

ranks.

14 and younger

According to statistics of the Committee for Religious

15-17

Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, from 2008 to 2013

18-30

the number of persons convicted for terrorist offenses

31 and older

increased from 27 to 171, extremist crimes - from 56 to

168 persons. In the first half of 2014 year, 33 terroristic

and extremist crimes were registered as committed

25,256

25,184

by young people aged between 21-29. According to the

experts, participation of more than 150 Kazakh citizens

in the military conflict in Syria on the side of the islamist

militias can be seen as a proof of functioning extremist

13,209

structures on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

10,922

Analysis of the Committee of the General Prosecutor

of the Republic of Kazakhstan data allows to draw a

portrait of a Kazakhstan's terrorist. Thus, the study

1,519

380

685

shows that more than 55% of them were young people

212

aged between 17-29, while 36% were under 25, about 35%

6 months of 2013

6 months of 2014

were 30-39 years old, less than 10% - people older than

40 years old. The youngest offender at the time of the

Source: Committee on Legal Statistics and Special Records

of the General Prosecutor RK

offense was a minor, he was 17 years old and the oldest

was 48 years old.

Most of young people involved in terrorist activities

completed suicides by men is four times higher than by

reside in western regions (Aktobe and Atyrau regions),

women.

where the average age of terrorist groups member is 23,

In terms of regions, the high suicide rates are among

whereas on average the radical group members in Almaty

adolescents of South Kazakhstan (28), East Kazakhstan

city were on average 32-34 years old. Most of these

(18), Karaganda (14) regions. High youth suicide rates

people had secondary and/or vocational education.

are in East Kazakhstan (104), Kostanay (60), Almaty (47)

Only one convicted terrorist completed

4 years of

regions.

schooling. About 56% of radical groups members had a

There were 807 suicide attempts during 8 months of

secondary school certificates. More than 30% of terrorist

2014, which is about 7% less than in the same period of

group members received high-school (16%) and higher

2013 (869 cases).

education (18%) degrees. Nevertheless, only a small

According to the Committee, the major causes of

number of the terrorist group members (6%) attended

suicides among adolescents are conflicts within families,

including abuses and violence against adolescents,

problems with peers

(abnormal interpersonal

Fig. 6.5

relationships), difficult life situations, conflicts with

Data on suicides among children

teachers, health issues.

Aside from these causes, the older youth category is

and youth

also exposed to a number of social problems such as

8 months of 2013

loneliness, difficult financial condition, poor housing,

8 months of 2014

breakdown of family relations (divorces).

497

498

6.3. PROBLEMS OF RELIGIOUS

EXTREMISM IN YOUTH ENVIRONMENT

Youth maximalism, a desire to fight for justice and

144

130

good cause, as well as socio-economic issues and

low level of religious literacy, in general, are favorable

breeding grounds for psychological manipulation of

Ages between 9-18

Ages between 18-29

youth to commit illegal extremist and terrorist actions.

Youth without life experience and knowledge are

Source: Committee on Legal Statistics and Special Records

exposed to the influence of destructive forces that

of the General Prosecutor RK

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