Национальный доклад «Молодежь Казахстана

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«Youth of Kazakhstan - 2014»

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7.1. THE CONDITION AND MAIN TRENDS

Fig. 7.2

OF YOUNG PEOPLE PARTICIPATION

IN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE

Proportions of public officers aged under

29 years in the local executive bodies (LEB)

OF THE COUNTRY

Self-consistent and responsible participation of the

9,201

youth in society’s life is one of the factors of progressive

Political

Administrative

development of the modern state. In this regard it

is important to understand who the young people

are: object, mean or active subject of the social and

Akmola region

642

political processes. The criteria of participation status

Aktobe region

621

are becoming pre-configuring trends of their potential

Almaty region

834

development, which ultimately means the course and

Atyrau region

296

direction of social and economic reforms.

East Kazakhstan region

790

Zhambyl region

476

Youth at the public service

West Kazakhstan region

503

Public service is one of the most important segments

of public management on which to large extent depends

Karaganda region

769

efficiency of other state functions. Reputation of a public

Kostanay region

768

officer as the professional occupation is high among the

Kyzylorda region

339

young people.

Mangystau region

351

The analysis of Agency on Civil Service Affairs RK

Pavlodar region

612

(currently - Agency on Civil Service Affairs and Anti-

North Kazakhstan region

594

corruption, hereinafter - the Agency) data, as of January

South Kazakhstan region

961

1st,

2014, showed that there are 22,306 young public

Almaty city

355

officers all over the country

(aged up to 29 years),

Astana city

290

of whom 2 are political,

22,304 are administrative.

Source: Agency on Civil Service Affairs RK

Proportion of young officers in the central government

bodies is high - 13,103 (including in the Apparatus of the

Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan

lowest number is in Atyrau region (296) and Astana city

- 36, of the Senate - 19) (Fig. 7.1).

(290).

The share of young officers in the local executive bodies

In the context of forming the professional public

out of the total number of young officers composed

apparatus, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan,

approximately 41.2% (Fig. 7.2). The largest number of

N.A. Nazarbayev, noted in the Strategy “Kazakhstan-2050”

young officers work in the local executive bodies of the

that “henceforth a public officer is to move up the

South Kazakhstan (961 people), Almaty (834) regions. The

career ladder step-by-step, passing from one step to the

next in the hierarchy of authority, improving skills and

advancing professional level” [1]. These requirements

Fig. 7.1

increase significance of youth gaining professional

experience in order to improve human capital quality in

Representation of the youth among

public management field of the country.

administrative and political officers

In accordance with the Concept of a New Model of Public

(at the beginning of 2014) in the central

Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the revised Law

government bodies (CGB)

“On civil service” implements comprehensive reforms

in the field of the public management [2]. The Rules

for rotation of administrative public officers of block

“A” and special qualification criteria for administrative

Political

public offices

[3] became the mechanisms of social

lifts for young people. So, according to the data of the

Agency, there are 7 young public officers in the block “A”.

The number of akims (governors) at all levels and

13,103

Administrative

their deputies aged under 29 years as of the early

Including in the apparatuses

2014 composed 115 people (in 2013 - 169). The highest

of the Mazhilis and the Senate

number is in Kostanay region (21), the lowest in Astana

of the Parliament of the RK:

and Almaty cities, Mangystau region (Fig. 7.3). Last year

Kostanay region was also the leader on this indicator

Mazhilis

(31), the least representation was also in Almaty and

Senate

Astana cities (3).

As seen from the data presented above, decrease of

Source: Agency on Civil Service Affairs RK

the proportion of the youth at all civil service categories

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in comparison with the last year is likely connected with

the processes of forming a new model of the public

Fig. 7.4

service, overall reduction of political public officers

The proportion of public officers aged

number. So, last year the number of the young political

under 29 years in the apparatuses

officers was 88 people, current year (beginning of 2014)

of the Maslikhats at all levels

their number constituted 2 persons. According to the

information of the Agency, the political public officers

number was lower by 8 times [4].

The number of public officers aged under 29 years in

Akmola region

the apparatuses of the Maslikhats (elected chambers)

Aktobe region

at all levels composed 142 people (Fig. 7.4). The highest

Almaty region

number of young people worked in the Maslikhats

Atyrau region

of Almaty (19) and Kostanay (16) regions. The smallest

East Kazakhstan region

number worked in Atyrau region and Almaty city (3 in

Zhambyl region

each). There are no young public officers in the apparatus

West Kazakhstan region

of the Maslikhat of the capital city.

Karaganda region

The concern for the politics determines the degree of

Kostanay region

political knowledge of a person, his/her value-conscious

Kyzylorda region

ideas of a society’s political life, degree of reliance on

Mangystau region

particular political structures. Aside from that, the

Pavlodar region

North Kazakhstan region

South Kazakhstan region

Fig. 7.3

Astana city

Almaty city

The number of akims at all levels and their

Source: Agency on Civil Service Affairs RK

deputies aged under 29 years

forms, there is a need to search for new forms of local

executive bodies engagement with youth, organization

of consultations with youth representatives regarding

the affairs of youth policy implementation.

Akmola region

Aktobe region

Electoral activity of the youth

Almaty region

The form of youth participation in the political

Atyrau region

decision making process is realized via active and passive

East Kazakhstan region

electoral laws. Age-related rules of passive electoral law

Zhambyl region

allow to become a member of the lower chamber of

West Kazakhstan region

the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan - Mazhilis

Karaganda region

after reaching

25 years old, and a member of local

Kostanay region

representative body - Maslikhat after reaching 20 years

Kyzylorda region

old. If we were to look at international experience of

Mangystau region

passive electoral law application to the parliament and

Pavlodar region

local representative bodies, then current Kazakhstan

North Kazakhstan region

threshold is fairly widespread legislative norm. So, in

South Kazakhstan region

many European countries (Austria, Canada, Denmark,

Astana city

Germany, the Netherlands, the Great Britain, Norway,

Almaty city

France) age qualification for getting elected to the public

Source: Agency on Civil Service Affairs RK

offices of executive and representative bodies of the

countries was lowered to 18 years, that likely supposes

degree of youth’s reliance on the power structure

the necessity for widening youth active involvement in

reflects the degree of support given to them by the

activities of local bodies, taking into account the fact of

current political system of the country.

European population ageing (Fig. 7.6).

According to the data of the survey, the most of youth

In most countries the minimum age when citizens

trust the President - 68.5% of respondents. Every second

run for the elected office is 18 years (Austria, Finland,

respondent trust the Government of the country. On

Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands,

the third place - akim of the region with 47.7% (Fig. 7.5).

Luxembourg, Portugal and most of new countries-

32.8% of respondents trust members of the Maslikhats.

members of European Union). In a number of countries

In the context of widening youth participation in the

the minimum age constitutes 21 years old (Belgium,

decision making processes, development of local self-

Greece, Czech Republic, Ireland, Lithuania, Poland,

governance, advancement of social mobility of the

Slovakia and Great Britain), in France 23 years old and

young people and activation of the self-organization

Italy 25 years old [11].

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Fig. 7.5

Fig. 7.6

Youth trust..., %

Age qualification for getting elected

to the offices of representative

Fully trust

and executive public bodies

Yes and No

(foreign examples)

Don’t trust at all

No answer

Australia

68.5

18 - for all elected bodies [5]

20.1

4.1

France

7.3

President of the RK

18 - for all elected bodies [6]

46.3

33.8

Canada

10.4

9.5

18 - for all elected bodies [7]

Akim of your area of residence

USA

47.7

33.0

35 - for the President, Vice-President positions;

9.8

9.5

30 - for the Member of Senate position;

Akim of the region

25 - for the House of Representatives;

age qualifications for being elected to offices

32.8

30.9

of the local bodies is determined in accordance

10.2

with the constitution of each State [8]

26.1

Member of the Maslikhats

Russian Federation

42.9

35 - for the President position;

35.2

11.2

21 - for the State Duma; minimum

10.7

age of the candidate for the representative body

Member of the Parliament of the RK

of public authorities of the constituent member

50.5

of the Russian Federation and for the bodies

31.6

of local self-governments is 21 years old

8.4

9.5

on the day of elections [9]

Government of the RK

Japan

49.9

29.0

25 - for the House of Representatives

9.0

and for the municipal assemblies, the Mayors

12.1

Administration of youth policy affairs

of the Municipal governments positions;

of the region/ city

30 - for the House of Councilors

and for the Governors of Prefectures [10]

According to the data of SRC “Youth”

deemed rational, when motive for electoral activity is

These opportunities provided to the youth reflect

realization of personal responsibility for making decision

not only established experiences in the field of citizens

[12]. The respondents (20.8%), who chose the option

realization of their civil rights, but also reflect the

“this depends on who participates in elections” can be

demands of the society to develop civic participation

referred to this category, this reflects their conscious

potential of young people.

interest in the electoral process. Only 9.8% respondents

The matters of electoral activities should be researched

do not want to vote in elections and consider that “my

in two directions: participation in electoral campaigns

vote does not solve anything”. This type of electoral

as volunteers to rise citizens electoral interest; direct

behavior is determined as apathetic (whatever).

participation in the election campaigns as candidates

The value-conscious aspect of the youth’s electoral

for a particular legislative body, Maslikhats of all the

behavior is visible in more than half of respondents

levels, akims of rural districts.

(77.2%), who demonstrate conscious attitude and

Percentage of the youth who can actively practice

rationality, whereas the proportion of hesitating voters,

voting right composes 19.07% from the total number

but inclined to absenteeism reflects the position that

of voters in Kazakhstan. According to the survey results

the elections “are the episode of little significance in my

of the college and university youth it is possible to

life, because my vote does not solve anything” - 14.8%,

mention that most of respondents vote in the elections,

8% gave no answer (Fig. 7.8).

while

40.5% do it consciously, considering this act

Analysis of the Central Election Committee of the

as their civil duty (Fig. 7.7). Such electoral behavior is

Republic of Kazakhstan data (as of January 1st, 2014),

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Fig. 7.7

Fig. 7.9

Age composition of the members of

Young respondents participation

Maslikhats of the Republic of Kazakhstan

in elections, %

546

Of regional maslikhats

5.1

2,129

Of district maslikhats

23.8

40.5

612

Of city maslikhats

3,287

9.8

Total number of members

20.8

Total number of members

Born prior to 1984 (younger than 30 years)

Yes, it is my civic duty

Source: Central Election Commission RK

This depends on who participates

in elections

There is a small number of young akims (aged from

No, because my vote does not solve anything

25 to 30 years old - 74 people) out of the total number

I have not turned 18 years old yet

of elected akims of cities of district subordinance, rural

No answer

districts, towns and villages of the Republic of Kazakhstan

According to the data of SRC “Youth”

not included in the rural districts - 2,436 (Fig. 7.10).

Quantitatively the number of young akims is higher

in the rural districts (62 public officers). The proportion

of young akims out of the total number of akims of the

Fig. 7.8

cities of district subordinance, rural districts, towns and

villages not included into the rural districts composed 3%.

Youth consider that elections are…, %

The presented analysis demonstrates once again

that the young people are not just electorate, so far

8.0

14.8

Fig. 7.10

47.8

Age composition of akims of the cities

of district subordinance,

rural districts, towns and villages

29.4

of the Republic of Kazakhstan not included

in the rural districts

My civic duty

The real opportunity to change

the situation in the country

Cities of district subordinance

The episode of little significance in my life,

because my vote does not solve anything

No answer

2091

According to the data of SRC “Youth”

Rural districts

105

as well as the information of regional executive bodies

on youth policy demonstrated the absence of young

Towns

Members of the Parliament of the RK aged under 30

years, and low presence in the Maslikhats at all levels.

The proportion of young representatives out of the total

196

number of representatives constituted 1.76% (Fig. 7.9).

Villages

Under the age of 30 years old, predominantly the

members of district maslikhats are elected, but there

Total number of akims

Source: Central Election

are no young members of maslikhats in Astana and

Aged from 25 to 30

Commission RK

Almaty cities.

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inconsiderable, but the real subject of the electoral

process, that means of social and political changes.

Fig. 7.11

The relationship between state and young people

Respondents knowledge about programs

must be based on trust and granting support, including

and community projects aimed at youth, %

financial. Such form of support and mobilization of

youth social mobility in Kazakhstan became the practice

12.8

59.9

2.3

of youth projects and programs implementation. Among

Zhasyl el

the programs and projects the most popular are "Zhasyl

5.1

65.6

27.2

2.1

el" and "With diploma to the village!", and among

With diploma to the village!

the community projects “Youth to the Motherland!”,

“Successful start”, “Youth personnel reserve”.

3.2

44.9

49.5

2.4

The public-opinion poll data show low awareness and

Successful start

participation of the young people in the programs and

projects (Fig 7.11). This indicates a certain social inertia of

3.8

45.8

48.1

2.3

the youth and the high importance of measures aimed

Youth personnel reserve

at explaining the content of these projects and programs

4.4

46.2

46.7

2.7

to the youth.

Youth to the Motherland!

The results of the public-opinion poll show the

necessity to conduct a wide informational campaign

Participated

on popularization of youth projects, increase

Heard, but did not participate

youth participation in them, conduct monitoring

Do not know/did not hear

and assessment of results, assess efficiency of

Cannot say

implementation.

According to the data of SRC “Youth”,

respondents could choose several options

Participation in the activities of political parties and

social organizations

in choosing the party of their preference (69.9%), also

One of the indicators of young people inclusion in

the proportion of those who do not know political

the political process is participation in the activities of

parties is consequently lower (6.8%), just only 14.6% of

the political parties and social organizations. According

respondents from the region do not support any political

to the data of local executive bodies, the youth is

party. The highest percent of respondents who do not

represented in eight political parties of the country.

know about the parties operating in the political field

Political preferences of young people of Aktobe, Almaty,

of the country reside in Atyrau region - 35.3%. North

Karaganda, South Kazakhstan regions encompass variety

Kazakhstan region has the highest number of those

of the political parties (Fig. 7.12). Targeted work with youth

who do not support any party - 39.7%. Young citizens of

is carried out by political actors, which have network

Astana are a bit more certain than the citizens of Almaty

of their regional representative offices and developed

city in their party preferences, 63.2% versus 60.8%. Less

strategy to work with youth. Such parties are “Nur Otan”

than quarter of youth in capital city (22.3%) do not know

and Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan (CPPK).

about parties, and 21.6% of the citizens of Almaty city do

In other parties purposeful work with youth did not

not support any party.

obtain prominence in the form of formalized "youth

The most of young people give their preference to “Nur

wings" or the work with youth is gaining traction.

Otan” party (81.8%). The other parties did not gain even

The governing party

“Nur Otan” has the highest

1% of the votes, besides “Ak Zhol” (2.5%) (Fig. 7.15). The

number of youth, then significantly behind follow KSDP

results of the survey demonstrate the youth ignorance

“Auyl”, “Ak Zhol”, CPPK, NSDP. The overwhelming majority

about other political parties.

of the capital city youth support the political ideals of

The experience shows that interethnic relations and

the “Nur Otan” party. A smaller number is interested in

social consent are the main political and ideological

political programs of KSDP “Auyl”, political party “Birlik”,

values. They are connected in the closest manner with

CPPK.

national interests, determine and reflect them, act as

The above presented data on the number of youth in

the condition of successful economic and political

the political parties of the country correlate with the

development of the society.

results of the survey conducted in order to understand

The youth can exemplify their ethnic interests by

youths' party preferences. Half of respondents (50.5%)

contributing to the work of ethno-cultural associations

support a certain party, 26.1% - do not support any party,

of the country, which are acting under the guidance of

15.1% do not have any idea about parties and 8.3% gave

the Assembly of the Nation of Kazakhstan. The highest

no answer (Fig. 7.13, 7.14).

number of participating young people is traditionally

As it follows from the survey data, in the regional

from the South Kazakhstan region (30,216), then follows

context the youth of Aktobe region is the most decisive

West Kazakhstan (10,410) and Karaganda (6,090) regions.

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Fig. 7.12

10,389

Map of the youth political activity

186

6,054

10,227

940

7,434

500

200

1,000

14,733

3,259

16,750

3,500

700

420

517

110

3,200

100

Astana

150

100

10,410

230

157

247

17,003

400

347

710

1,520

330

120

5,044

150

6,090

270

10,146

19,100

3,528

1,060

1,500

7,800

3,000

12,354

1,214

Almaty

2,940

560

120

161

800

501

700

6,360

1,840

300

371

1,986

401

1,050

1,371

580

1,563

30,216

1. West Kazakhstan region

686

2. Atyrau region

3. Aktobe region

4. Mangystau region

Almaty

Astana

5. Kyzylorda region

6. Kostanay region

YW “Zhas Otan”*

6,054

14,200

7. Akmola region

“Ak Zhol”

8. North Kazakhstan region

CPK

9. Pavlodar region

Patriots Party of Kazakhstan

10. Karaganda region

KSDP “Auyl”

710

1,500

11. South Kazakhstan region

Political Party “Birlik”

1,526

12. Zhambyl region

CPPK

1,249

13. Almaty region

NSDP

14. East Kazakhstan region

Ethnocultural associations

4,000

839

Source: Local Executive Bodies RK

* The data on the Zhas Otan membership is provided by the Youth Wing of “Nur Otan” party

The percentage of the youth in the ethno-cultural

of the young people associate themselves primarily as

associations composed

1.3% of the total number

the citizens of Kazakhstan (53.6%). Only then the youth

(Fig. 7.12). The presented data demonstrate opportunities

associate themselves with their ethnic group (12.5%),

for increasing the youth participation in ethno-cultural

their generation (12.4%) (Fig. 7.16).

associations’ activities, creation and development of

Interethnic relationships are developing at a positive

the "youth wings" in their structure. It is necessary to

pace - 56.4% noted that the situation had improved

consolidate the potential of ethno-cultural associations

(Fig.

7.17). Just only 5% of respondents indicated that

by means of attracting the youth to their activities.

it deteriorated. The situation remains unchanged and

According to the results of the research, the majority peaceful for a third of the young people.

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Fig. 7.13

Fig. 7.14

Youth level of political parties

of Kazakhstan support, %

of Kazakhstan support (by regions), %

44.3

8.9

41.8

5.0

8.3

Akmola region

69.9

6.8

14.6

8.7

Aktobe region

29.5

32.2

22.5

15.8

26.1

50.5

Almaty region

29.4

35.3

32.4

2.9

Atyrau region

48.7

15.3

31.3

4.7

15.1

East Kazakhstan region

67.7

16.1

10.5

5.6

Zhambyl region

I support a certain party

66.7

1.4

31.9

West Kazakhstan region

I do not know what parties operate

40.7

10.7

34.0

14.6

in Kazakhstan

Karaganda region

I do not support any party

37.8

28.6

32.7

0.9

Cannot say

Kostanay region

According to the data of SRC “Youth”

67.1

3.4

29.5

Kyzylorda region

52.9

14.7

23.5

8.9

Taking into account polyethnicity of the society in

Mangystau region

which the young generation of the country is socializing

47.5

7.5

22.5

nowadays, the necessity of developing new educational

Pavlodar region

strategies and approaches with regard to the forming of

41.4

15.5

39.7

3.4

North Kazakhstan region

ethno-cultural competency among the young people is

obvious.

51.2

8.4

28.9

11.5

South Kazakhstan region

Ethno-cultural competency, as objective-subjective

phenomenon, includes willingness of a person: to

60.8

11.9

21.6

5.7

Almaty city

learn different cultures in order to have comfortable

63.2

22.3

12.6

1.9

existence in polyethnical environment, overcoming

Astana city

narrow-mindedness, comprehension of ethnos mutual

interaction.

I support a certain party

Trade unions of the country are invoked to protect

I do not know what parties operate

interests and rights of the working and studying youth.

in Kazakhstan

These priorities are set in the Action strategy of the

I do not support any party

Trade Unions Federation.

Cannot say

In addition, they are reflected in the General

agreement concluded between the Government of the

According to the data of SRC “Youth”,

respondents could choose several options

Republic of Kazakhstan, republican association of the

employees and republican association of employers for

the years 2012-2014 [13].

Within the framework of Industry contract concluded

Fig. 7.15

between Republican trade union of the workers of the

Youth support party…, %

housing and communal services and service industry,

“Kazakhstan Su Arnasy” Water Supply and Sewage

13.4

Utilities Association of the RK, “Kazakhstan association

“Nur Otan”

2.5

of heating supply companies” and Agency of the RK

“Ak Zhol”

for construction and housing and communal services

No answer

for the years of 2012-2014 stipulated that in case of the

According to the data

workforce redundancy cuts the exemption is given to

81.8

of SRC “Youth”,

young professionals aged under 29 years old. With regard

The values less than 1%

to provision of the youth social rights “employer provides

are not shown on the diagram

the youth job placement assurances in accordance

* All options were provided by respondents

with the existing legislation”, "in order to attract young

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According to the data of the Federation of Trade

Fig. 7.16

unions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the number of

young people, who are members of the trade unions

Youth associate themselves with…, %

grew, particularly among railway, health care, education

and science, culture, oil-and-gas employees.

Youth membership in the regional, industry-specific

53.6

trade unions of education and science, health care

Citizens of Kazakhstan

organizations allows to use embedded policy of assigning

12.5

and remunerating trade union grants to some students

Representatives of my ethic group

of organizations pursuing technical and professional

education, who are the members of the trade unions.

12.4

Mandatory requirements for grant eligibility are the

People of my generation

membership in the corresponding industry-specific

12.1

trade union and youth volunteer status within the

People speaking my language

organization.

3.1

Youth membership in the trade unions of the country

People of my occupation

positively contributes to the rising civic participation,

2.1

forming their understanding of responsibility and

People of my confession

significance of rights protection.

4.2

Youth civic participation is realized through the

Cannot say

work in the communal youth organizations. According

to the data of the Ministry of Education and Science

According to the data of SRC “Youth”

of the Republic of Kazakhstan, there are 1,081 youth

organizations. Their number has slightly increased. So,

starting from 2010 to 2013 their number was 1,043, 966,

1,086 and 1,073, respectively [15]. This year there are

professionals in the field, employers together with trade

1,081 youth organizations (Fig. 7.18). The highest number

unions develop a program promoting the entrenchment

of youth organizations is in Kostanay (115) and East-

of the youth at production site of each enterprise” [14].

Kazakhstan (90) regions. Although the South Kazakhstan

In order to enhance the social security 2 mln. 200

region traditionally has the biggest number of youth,

thousand people are members of the Federation of

but there are less youth associations than in the above

Trade Unions of the Republic of Kazakhstan and more

mentioned regions. The lowest number of organizations

than 730 thousand of them, i.e. 1/3 are young people

is in Atyrau region (29).

under 35 years old, which composes more than 33% of

Most of the local non-governmental organizations

the total number of trade unions members.

(hereinafter - NGOs) focused their activity on the work

with children and youth, in such directions as health

Fig. 7.17

care, gender equality, human rights protection and

consolidation of civil society.

Young respondents consider that over

A distinct feature of Kazakhstan social services

the last year relations between people

market is orientation of NGO service providers towards

of different ethnicities…, %

consulting, informational and generally explanatory

work.

Direct provision of the services resolving certain

26.1

problems of the citizens (support for handicapped, work

Got significantly better

with facing challenges teenagers, keeping rehabilitation

30.3

centers for youth) are provided by less than 10% of

Got a little better

Kazakhstan NGOs.

According to the survey data, the youth wing of the

33.6

governing party “Nur Otan”, Association of Kazakhstan

Remained the same peaceful

President “Bolashak” International Scholarship Fellows,

3.4

“Zhas Ulan” and “Zhas Kyran” adolescent organizations

Got a little worse

and “Zhasyl el” labor brigades turned out to be the most

0.4

recognized by youth (Fig. 7.19). Regarding the participation

Got significantly worse

in activities, respondents indicated “Zhasyl el” - 11.6%,

6.2

“Zhas Otan” - 10.1%, “Zhas Ulan” - 8.3%. More than

Cannot say

half of respondents do not know about the Republican

headquarter of student construction brigades - 55.8%,

According to the data of SRC “Youth”

Union of young workers - 54.4%, Union of rural youth -

53.1%.

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«Youth of Kazakhstan - 2014»

Center "Youth"

(hereinafter - social order) as the main mechanism of

Fig. 7.18

supporting youth non-governmental organizations. 42%

of experts acknowledged that the social order is not

The number of youth organizations

always effective form of youth NGO activities support in

by year from 2010 to 2014

the country, as the set goals are not always achieved.

1,043

966

1,086

1,073

1,081

One of the weakness of youth associations within the

framework of the social order is the fact that students

Republic of Kazakhstan

are the main social group participating in the activities.

They do not engage vulnerable youth, those who are

Akmola region

facing challenges (orphans and others), working youth,

representatives of asocial groups. 50% of experts find

Aktobe region

that the round tables, conferences, meetings are the

least effective form of youth organizations work. Among

Almaty region

the effective ones are the consulting activities, provision

of social services, seminars, trainings, career fairs.

Atyrau region

Experts consider the lack of material and technical

110

184

124

resources in the organizations

(42%), knowledge,

East Kazakhstan region

experience and qualification

(40%), systematic

budgeting of youth NGO (32%) are the three major

Zhambyl region

problems of the most youth organizations (Fig. 7.20). The

other problems can be characterized as employment

issues: appointment of the heads “from the top”, high

West Kazakhstan region

employee turnover in the youth organizations.

The majority of experts note that it is necessary to

Karaganda region

develop youth job placement assistance as the direction

100

103

102

115

of youth organizations activities in the regions (72%).

Kostanay region

Career guidance work is important for one third of

experts (34%). Consequently, social programs have the

Kyzylorda region

greatest significance in experts point of view (Fig. 7.21).

Imperfection of the state social order implementation

Mangystau region

procedures, short term of projects are becoming

overwhelming barriers for youth organizations

Pavlodar region

development.

Despite those tendencies we can note the following.

North Kazakhstan region

According to the National Online Consultations, 83.94%

of young people consider that they have opportunity to

take part and influence youth policy, and 22.3% consider

South Kazakhstan region

160

that they have significant influence.

Potential of youth organizations is particularly

Almaty city

important in development of local self-governance,

volunteer work with vulnerable youth categories.

Astana city

2010

7.2. LEVEL OF YOUTH REMONSTRATIVE

2011

ACTIVITY: OPINION OF YOUNG PEOPLE

2012

2nd quarter 2013

OF KAZAKHSTAN

At the beginning of 2014

Source: data of the MES RK

Sociological survey conducted within the framework

of this research project allowed to determine young

The youth responses reflected low degree of youth

respondents’ opinion about the possibility of massive

participation in the activities of large youth organizations.

protests in the youth environment.

The main problems of functioning youth organizations

The analysis of survey results regarding possible non-

are small scale, overreliance on state social order,

conventional manifestation forms of young people’s

absence of targeted work, therefore ineffective work on

political activity demonstrated that every alternative

representation and protection of youth interests.

respondent considers the mass protests are unlikely

These findings are supported by the data of public-

(Fig. 7.22).

opinion polls. So, according to the results of the

survey, 34% of experts consider the state social order

The top three reasons which can spark protests

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249

Fig. 7.19

Fig. 7.20

Youth awareness about youth

Youth consider the most important

organizations, %

problems of NGO, %

3.1

40.3

54.4

2.2

Union of young workers

Cannot say

3.6

53.1

2.3

Union of rural youth

Unwillingness of HEI to cooperate with NGOs

38.9

55.8

2.3

Republican headquarter of student

construction brigades

Housing program

43.4

51.4

2.2

32%

National volunteer network

Absence of comprehensive funding

3.1

52.6

42.2

2.1

40%

Youth Congress of Kazakhstan

Absence of knowledge, experience

57.7

35.5

1.8

42%

Zhas Kyran

Absence of material and technical base

8.3

64.4

25.7

1.6

20%

Zhas Ulan

Heads of organizations are appointed “from the top”

10.1

67.3

21.1

1.5

24%

Zhas Otan

Employee turnover

11.6

64.1

22.6

1.7

Zhasyl el

According to the data of SRC “Youth”,

respondents could choose several options

3.2

65.5

1.3

Association of Kazakhstan

“Bolashak” Scholarship Fellows

2.6

49.2

2.2

Young entrepreneurs association

7.3. VALUE-CONSCIOUS ORIENTATIONS

3.3

50.8

1.9

OF KAZAKHSTAN YOUTH

Association of young deputies

4.5

50.6

42.8

2.1

Youth social feeling has an effect on their value-

Alliance of Kazakhstan students

conscious orientation. According to the survey data,

Participated

overwhelming majority of young respondents (77.8%)

Heard, but did not participate

are satisfied with their lives. Those who are not satisfied

Don’t know/did not hear

constituted 18.1% (Fig. 7.25).

No answer

Youths' social feeling is characterized in general

According to the data of SRC “Youth”,

by satisfaction with their lives

(Fig.

7.26). Youth are

respondents could choose several options

not satisfied with work and financial status, which is

absolutely explicable from the point of view of obtaining

among the youth constitute the problems of economic

the new status (professional, personal, marital) by young

character (Fig. 7.23).

people in the period of secondary socialization.

The youth recognize the judicial recourse as the main

In the ranking of life values such values as family

mechanism for personal interests protection. This was

(90.8%), health (57.5%), friends (40%), children’s future

highlighted by 37.4% of respondents countrywide (Fig.

(16.2%), love, loved one (13.4%) prevail (Fig. 7.27).

7.24). Increase in legal awareness among the young

Serving the Motherland turned out to be not highly

people may be noted, as the last year this option was

important for the youth (4.1%) (Fig. 7.27), but it may be

chosen by 18.4% of young respondents. The level of trust

pointed out that overwhelming majority of the young

to the governing party is high, as the community liaison

respondents without hesitation answered that they

office of “Nur Otan” party is the second preferred option

consider themselves patriots of Kazakhstan

(64.3%)

to defend the interests (15.5%). The third is mass media

(Fig.

7.28). Such difference can be explained by the

(15.2%).

importance of self-determination for the youth, who

23.3% of young respondents will undertake drastic

are at the stage of adaptation to the new social and

measures. 17.2% of respondents will not undertake any

economic realities.

measures. 10.8% gave no answer.

In general, the idea of Kazakhstan patriotism is

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Fig. 7.21

Fig. 7.23

Experts note which youth NGOs

Youth note problems, which may cause

directions of work shall be promoted, %

the public protest action, %

72%

31.2%

Assistance with job placement

Non-payment of salary

34%

27.2%

Career guidance

Redundancy/dismissal from work

22%

23.5%

Medical consultation service

Food products price increase

18%

20.5%

Organization of leisure/ spare time

Dissatisfaction with state actions

16%

19.5%

Organization of crisis centres

Carelessness and incompetence of medical workers

for those who are in difficult situation

19.1%

14%

Groundless penalty charges

Legal consultation service

18.1%

Deterioration of ecology

Foreign languages courses

17.4%

Unjustified increase of utilities

Psychological consultation services

15.2%

Problems in the college

I heard nothing about the social services working with SSO

14.3%

Unjust legal judgment

Assistance with provision of housing for young families

12.6%

Bank collapse where I keep my money

According to the data of SRC “Youth”,

12.1%

respondents could choose several options

Loan repayments increase

9.1%

Fuel price increase

associated with the sense of pride for the country and

eagerness to protect it, improve the life of people (Fig.

17.4%

Nothing will spark me to protest explicitly

7.29).

The youth considered the economic problems as most

14.3%

Cannot say

significant, including job placement, unemployment

According to the data of SRC “Youth”,

respondents could choose several options

Fig. 7.22

Youth opinion about possibility

(47.7%), housing (44.9%) and material difficulties (money

of protest action, %

scarcity, high prices) - 40.9% (Fig. 7.30).

The youth absolutely adequately estimates

components of success and career growth. Good

13.4%

education

(64.1%), possession of high qualifications,

professional education (43.5%), legal literacy (29.7%) are

No, it is unlikely

among them. Young people have the least hope on such

Yes, completely

subjective factors like talent, rich parents, necessary

possible

34%

Cannot say

connections and acquaintances, luck and other factors

52.6%

(Fig. 7.31).

Within the next five years, the youth is planning to

work on self-improvement. The top five priorities include

receiving high quality education (34.9%), occupational

work (31%), acquire housing (20.1%), building successful

According to the data of SRC “Youth”

career (19.5%) (Fig. 7.32).

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251

Fig. 7.24

Fig. 7.25

Youth choose measures to protect

Youth opinion about life, which they lead, %

their interests, %

37.4%

4.1

I will appeal to the court

18.1

15.5%

I will appeal to the community liaison

office of “Nur Otan” party

77.8

15.2%

I will appeal to the newspapers/ radio/ TV

12.4%

I will not attend my work/ studies

12.0%

I will contact civil servants

Yes, I am satisfied

No, I am NOT satisfied

11.3%

Cannot say

I will participate in the peaceful demonstration

According to the data of SRC “Youth”

9.4%

Participate in the working meetings

to resolve problems

8.7%

I will stage hunger strike

Fig. 7.26

7.1%

Youth level of life satisfaction on

I will participate in the political meeting

a 5 point scale

4.3%

I will participate in the road blockings

4.13

Health

3.2%

4.17

Studies

I will distribute leaflets and proclamations

17.2%

3.85

Work

I will not do anything

3.96

Leisure

10.8%

Cannot say

4.47

Relationships in the family

According to the data of SRC “Youth”,

4.45

Relationships with the friends

respondents could choose several options

3.85

Financial situation

According to the data of SRC “Youth”

***

Youth of Kazakhstan is inclined to choose conventional

according to findings only 12% of respondents indicated

forms of political participation. The most widespread

that they were engaged in volunteer activities several

forms of political activity are participation in the youth

times a month.

public associations, political parties

(5.5%), trade

Youth of Kazakhstan is a subject of social and

unions, ethnocultural (1.3%) and other associations, civil

political processes. Its positive potential and ambitious

service.

goals regarding personal self-improvement may be

The most preferential form of youth’s political activity

highlighted. For purpose of uncovering its active

is participation in the youth public organizations

potential, overcoming paternalistic mood in the youth

activities. The state social order is the main source of

environment it is important to activate the dialog

funding, it funds the youth public associations activities.

between the government and the youth sector by means

Services on solving youth’s certain problems (work with

of building partnership relations.

handicapped, work with troubled teenagers, functioning

rehabilitation centres for the youth) are directly provided

by a small number of NGOs. The youth organizations face

LIST OF REFERENCES:

the legitimacy crisis, which is captured by decreasing

number of young people in the organizations.

1. Стратегия «Казахстан-2050: новый политический

Volunteer movement is underdeveloped. This correlates

курс состоявшегося государства».

[Электронный

with the results of National Online Consultations,

ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http:www. akorda.kz

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«Youth of Kazakhstan - 2014»

Center "Youth"

Fig. 7.27

Fig. 7.29

Young respondents enlist the most

In youth opinion, Kazakhstan

important aspects, %

patriotism is…, %

90.8%

51.1%

Family

Pride for the country, its significance

57.5%

43.0%

Health

Readiness to protect the country

40.0%

32.4%

Friends

Eagerness to work better for the country

16.2%

10.8%

Children’s future

Materialistic and spiritual wealth

13.4%

10.6%

Love, loved one

Feeling of the nation’s supremacy

13.3%

6.7%

Education

Eagerness to provide assistance to others

8.7%

2.2%

Independence, freedom

Cannot say

8.1%

According to the data of SRC “Youth”,

Career

the diagram does not display values less than 1%

7.3%

Interesting work

ресурс]. - Режим доступа:http:adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/

4.1%

Serving the Motherland

U1400000721

4. Численность политических госслужащих в

1.3%

Республике Казахстан сократилась в 8 раз. Интервью

Cannot say

председателя Агентства по делам госслужбы

According to the data of SRC “Youth”

А. Байменова на брифинге в Службе центральных

коммуникаций от

26 марта

2013 г.

[Электронный

ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://www.kursiv.kz/news/

details/vlast/CHislennost-politicheskih-gossluzhashih-

Fig. 7.28

v-RK-sokratilas/

Youth support of the “patriot” notion, %

Australian Electoral Commission Candidates

Handbook. The Australian Electoral Commission.

LanePrint&Post. 2013г.[Электронный ресурс]. - Режим

1.5

доступа: www.aec.gov.au.

2.6

2.5

Yes

6. Nomination and voting procedures governing

Likely yes, than no

presidential elections in selected places. Prepared by

29.1

64.3

Likely no, than yes

Yuki HUEN. 1 November 2013..legco.gov.hk. [Электронный

ресурс].

- Режим доступа:http: www.elections-

Cannot say

legislatives.fr.

7. How to Become a Candidate. ElectionsCanada.

[Электронный ресурс].

- Режим доступа: www.

elections.ca.

According to the data of SRC “Youth”

8. The Constitution of the United States. [Электронный

ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://www.law.cornell.edu/

constitution/overview

2. Концепция новой модели государственной

9. Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от

службы Республики Казахстан, Закон Республики

10 января 2003 г. N 19-ФЗ «О выборах Президента

Казахстан «О государственной службе». [Электронный

Российской

Федерации»//Российская

газета;

ресурс].

- Режим доступа:http:www.adilet.zan.kz/

Федеральный закон Российской Федерации

rus/docs/Z990000453; http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/

от

18 мая 2005 г. N 51-ФЗ «О выборах депутатов

U1100000119

Государственной думы Федерального Собрания

3. Правила проведения ротации административных

Российской Федерации». // Российская газета. 24

государственных служащих корпуса «А». [Электронный

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253

Fig. 7.30

Fig. 7.31

Young respondents consider as the most

Youth consider that in order to achieve

important youth problems, %

success and career growth it is important, %

47.7%

64.1%

Employment issues, unemployment

To have good education

44.9%

43.5%

Housing problem

To have high qualification

40.9%

Material difficulties

29.7%

(money scarcity, high prices and so on)

To be a legally literate person

37.2%

Difficulties with obtaining higher education

24.8%

(high cost and so on)

To have a talent, extraordinate abilities

18.1%

21.1%

Absence of subsidized loans

To have rich parents

16.4%

No confidence in future

16.9%

16.1%

To have necessary connections

Criminality among young people

and acquaintances, successful marriage

13.9%

Poor health, health deterioration

9.9%

To be a lucky person

13.5%

Low level of culture, youth’s earthliness

8.8%

12.8%

To have an attractive appearance

Unsettled state of personal life

12.8%

8.1%

Drug use, substance abuse and alcoholism

To have physical force, dexterity

12.3%

Dissatisfaction with society, no order

According to the data of SRC “Youth”,

11.8%

respondent could choose several options,

Prevalence of tobacco smoking among youth

the diagram does not display values less than 1%

11.2%

No place to spend leisure time

12. М.Н. Бычкова, А.Ф. Лопатина. Электоральная

10.1%

Religious extremism in the youth environment

пассивность молодежи: пути преодоления проблем.

8.8%

[Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://pr.tsu.

Conflicts with parents/ elder generation,

ru/articles/145/.

disconnect from friends and family

13. Генеральное соглашение между Правительством

7.7%

Absence of access to the high bandwidth internet,

Республики

Казахстан,

республиканскими

to the mobile communication of high quality

объединениями работников и республиканскими

6.5%

объединениями работодателей на 2012 - 2014 годы.

Danger to personal safety

[Электронный ресурс].

- Режим доступа: http://

(scared to walk outside and so on)

online.zakon.kz.

3.6%

No problems

14. Отраслевое соглашение между общественным

1.8%

объединением

«Профсоюз работников жилищно-

Cannot say

коммунального хозяйства и сферы услуг Республики

0.1%

Laziness

Казахстан»,

ассоциацией

предприятий

по

0.1%

водоснабжению и водоотведению Республики

Increase of taxes

Казахстан

«Казахстан су арнасы», объединением

According to the data of SRC “Youth”,

юридических лиц

«Казахстанская ассоциация

respondent could choose several options

теплоснабжающих организаций» и Агентством

Республики Казахстан по делам строительства и

мая 2005 г.; Центральная избирательная комиссия

жилищно-коммунального хозяйства на

2012-2014

Российской Федерации.

[Электронный ресурс].

годы. [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: kds.

Режим доступа: http://www.cikrf.ru.

gov.kz/images/web/doc-plany/soglashenie_2607121155.

10. Election System in Japan. Local Governance (Policy

doc.

Making and Civil Society) 2007. [Электронный ресурс]. -

15. Национальный доклад «Молодежь Казахстана

Режим доступа: www.freechoice.jp.

- 2013». Ж.К. Буканова, Ж.К. Каримова, Г.Т. Ильясова,

11. Voting rights in Europe. FORUM Factsheet. June

Б.Б. Масатова, К.М. Хамчиев, Е.В. Варкентин,

2012. [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа:http://

Р.А. Кудайбергенов, Р.А. Абраева и др. - Астана: НИЦ

www.forum.nl.

«Молодежь», 2013 г., с. 169.

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Fig. 7.32

What young respondents want to achieve

in the next 5 years, %

34.9%

To get high quality education

31.0%

To find an occupational work

22.2%

To find a worthy work

20.1%

To acquire a housing

19.5%

To build a successful career

19.1%

To get a diploma or certificate

18.8%

To set up business

11.8%

To marry

11.3%

To help relatives/ parents in finding solution

of the problems and tasks

11.0%

To find interesting work

10.2%

To find a soulmate, life partner

9.4%

To change a work place/

to get promotion at work

6.2%

To obtain public apprehension among

associates, colleagues and so on

5.7%

To fulfill myself creatively

5.7%

To achieve success in sports

5.1%

To find good friends

4.7%

To expand my ambit of acquaintances

4.7%

Start a family/ to give a birth to a child

4.6%

To find good business partners

1.8%

Cannot say

0.1%

Improve health

0.1%

Improve material wellbeing

According to the data of SRC “Youth”,

respondent could choose several options

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of a new style.

8.1. SUBCULTURE AS A SOCIOCULTURAL

It is not surprising that according to a sociological

SYSTEM

survey, 25.5% of respondents believe that the youth

subculture - is a lifestyle of modern youth, a special

Youth - is an experimenter in various spheres of

form of self-assertion and self-identification - 23.8%. At

public life, including culture. The originality of youth

the same time, 20.6% see it as a temporary infatuation

as a social group is that it is constantly in a state of

or just a form of self-realization during leisure time -

transition from the predominant property of being an

11.7%, thus emphasizing that the youth community

object of public influence to the predominant property

today is not a single, universal and monolithic part of

of being a subject of a socially transformative activity.

the community. Although a small number, but still some

This encapsulates the social meaning of “growing up”.

young people, consider youth subculture as a form of

In public opinion, the operation of youth subjectivity is

anti-social behavior

(3.5%), and protest of outsider

usually associated with the term "youth subculture".

against social norms (2.4%), while 12.3% of respondents

Subculture - is a system of values, attitudes, behaviors

could not answer the question: "In your opinion, the

and lifestyles of a certain group that is different from

youth culture - is ... " (Fig. 8.1).

the dominant culture in a society.

Subcultures - result of a conscious search for a new

Autonomy building of youth culture that serves as a

identity, creation of a new style in various fields of socio-

psychological antonym "We - They" is especially clearly

cultural life. Young people remain a part of particular

manifested at the cultural level (in the narrow sense)

subculture and their real interest in it usually lasts only

stereotypes of the young generation: there is "our"

a few years, which causes its instability

music, "our" fashion, "our" chat, and there is "Dad’s/

The sociological studies show that only

11.3% of

Mom's", which is presumed through humanitarian

respondents indicated participation in informal youth

institutional means of socialization. And here lies the

communities, and 88.7% did not identify themselves

cultural alienation of youth, i.e. separation of the younger

with the informal movement of young people.

generation from the diversity of cultural heritage as a

However, only

15.1% of respondents consider

result of a conscious search for a new identity, creation

themselves comfortable with youth subculture practices

compare this with the

“at home” option

(55.6%)

(Fig. 8.2).

Fig. 8.1

The response results to the question "Who did

introduce you to the society?" appear surprising. It

Young respondents consider

breaks stereotype about imaginary dichotomy "children

- parents". Parental influence is dominant - 30.2% of

that youth subcultures are…, %

respondents said that parents introduced them to the

society of their peers, 24.9% - that it was a friend, and

only 2.2% deliberately went there on their own (Fig. 8.3).

25.5%

Modern youth lifestyle

23.8%

Fig. 8.2

Form of self-assertion

and self-identification

Youth feel the most comfortable, %

20.6%

Temporary (age) infatuation

55.6%

At home

11.7%

16.4%

Leisure time self-realization

At work

3.5%

15.1%

Anti-social behavior of some youth

Among the adherents (society)

2.4%

4.0%

Form of outsider protest

At university/college

to social norms

0.4%

In dormitory

12.3%

Cannot say

8.5%

Cannot say

According to the data of SRC “Youth”,

According to the data of SRC “Youth”

the diagram does not display values less than 1%

Национальный доклад «Молодежь Казахстана – 2014» - часть 15