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Национальный доклад «Молодежь Казахстана – 2016» - часть 18
CHAPTER 2
THE REPUBLIC OF KA
ZAKHST
AN L
AW REGUL
ATING THE LEGAL ST
ATUS OF Y
OUTH
276
Scientific-Research
Center «Youth»
National Report «Youth of Kazakhstan – 2016»
It should also be noted, although the legal and
conceptual framework of youth policy in Japan is de-
veloped by the central government, the state itself
is actually delegating authority to regional and local
youth management, providing the highest possible
level of youth participation in politics through civil so-
ciety institutions. However, functional responsibilities
and degree of responsibility for the implementation
of youth policy between public administration and
civil society institutions are differentiated.
One of the most important areas of Japan’s youth
policy is to strengthen the role of the school education
in repressing deviant behavior among adolescents by
strengthening cooperation between the school, fami-
ly and residents of areas, giving the school the right to
be the leading subject of this relationship [15] (Figure
2.3).
Japan is a prime example of a mixed legal system
based on the Anglo-American common law and cus-
tomary norms of Japanese society. Using the achieve-
ments of Western civilization, Japan did not refuse
from traditional system of values (social group-ori-
entation, teamwork, «family» company management
methods), i.e. to address broader issues of youth, have
used all the means available to the state and society.
[17] In the case of deviant behavior of minors the le-
gal system resorts to measures of preventive and re-
habilitative nature.
The main differences between Germany and Japan
in the sphere of youth are as follows: Japan’s youth
policy legislation is aimed at adaptation of young
people for life in surrounding community and the
state. However, the society is trying to protect their
traditions and way of life, and the younger genera-
tion from the devastating impact of globalization and
innovation processes [18]. While Germany’s youth
policy is based on the principle of direct involvement
of young people in formation and implementation of
youth policy. This approach has been developed and
recommended by the European Charter on the Par-
ticipation of Young People in Local and Regional Life,
which provides a variety of recommendation forms
and institutions for youth participation in the life of
their societies and regions. [19]
2.3.
CURRENT ISSUES IN THE FORMATION
OF LEGAL AWARENESS AND LEGAL
CULTURE OF YOUTH
The issue in formation of legal culture and legal
consciousness of youth in Kazakhstan depends on
many factors: level of law violations among young
people, legal irresponsibility of the population and
officials, vulnerability of civil rights of young people,
distrust of law enforcement, legal ignorance etc.
Today, youth crime is Kazakhstan’s social problem.
The growth of criminal manifestations in youth is cel-
ebrated in most regions. Every year youth commit up
to 46-54 thousand of crime [20].
Figure 2.3
Ways of combating crime among young people in Japan. [16]
Harmony of traditional and modern values,
which blocks social deviation and criminal
initiative on motivation level
Rid the society of crime -modern idea to
unite the Japanese nation
Introduction of traditional mechanisms of
the fight against crime
Stricter legislation, organized nationwide
fight against crime in society
Change Japanese public attitudes to
youth crime in society
National traditionalism
of Japanese society
Legal system of the state