Национальный доклад «Молодежь Казахстана – 2018» - часть 25

M

O

RAL

 AND

 V

AL

UE

S A

TTI

TUDE

S O

F Y

O

UTH

387

CH

APTE

R 7

Thirdly, in Kazakhstan, the fan movement, unlike

European countries, does not involve hooligan’s

organized action − aggressive football hooligans

associated with the criminal environment and illegal

actions. Accordingly, this subculture is not perceived

in Kazakhstan, as near criminal, having problems

with the law, therefore, it is so easy and without

consequences for yourself to identify with it.

Fourthly: a clear, stable system of club symbols

and paraphernalia, stability and continuity of color

symbols, accessibility to participation in the fan

movement not only in Kazakhstan’s national clubs,

but also in world giants of world football, such as Real

(Madrid) or Barcelona.

They followed by supporters of the music and

dance youth subculture of hip hopers (1.5 %). The

remaining subcultures do not gain even half a percent.

Geographically, the subcultures are located as

follows. Most emo in Astana (3.4 %). The followers

of  the  anime  are  most  in  Almaty  (2.3 %)  and

Kyzylorda  regions  (2.2  %).  The  followers  of  the 

glamor subculture  are  most  numerous  in  Atyrau 

(2.9 %) and Kyzylorda (2.2 %) regionss. Hippies are 

also  the  most in  Kyzylorda  (2.2  %)  regions.  The 

rappers  are  most numerous  in  Astana  (2.6  %) 

and  Almaty  (1.8  %). Rockers  are  also  most 

numerous  in  Astana  (2.6  %) and  Karaganda  (1.4 

%)  regions.  Football  fans  are the  most  in 

Kyzylorda  (7.7  %),  Aktyubinsk  and  West

Kazakhstan regions (7.1 % each), Gamers are most

popular in Atyrau (8.7 %) and North Kazakhstan

(7.7 %) regions.

Extreme parkour lovers are mostly in Aktobe

(2 %) and Karaganda regions (1.4 %). Most bikers

are in Kyzylorda and Kostanay regions (1.1 % each).

The subculture of race drivers is most developed in

Almaty (1.4 %). Break dancers are the most in the

Kyzylorda region (1.1 %). The subculture of graffiti can

be found only in one region of Kazakhstan − Kostanay

(2.2 %) and nowhere else. Hip-hop subculture leads in

only two regions − Kyzylorda (5.5 %) and Mangystau

(4 %). Bards most of all among youth are listened to

by youth of Kostanay and Kyzylorda regions (1.1 %

each).

They categorically do not consider themselves to

be to any subculture most of all in East Kazakhstan

(99.3 %),  Pavlodar  (97.3 %),  South  Kazakhstan

(94.1 %), Akmola (92.1 %), Karaganda (91 %) areas.

As motives for being in these communities, the

question “How important is it for you to be a member

of this community?” Are the answers in the following

hierarchy.

The absolute majority (57.7 %) of the respondents

named as motives “a hobby, a way to spend time

interestingly”. Most of those in the East Kazakhstan

(100 %), Pavlodar (75 %) and Kostanay (75 %) regions.

In all three age cohorts, 14.2 % invest in finding an 

existential meaning in a subculture (“Very important, 

the whole meaning of life in this”). Moreover, the 

“meaning of life in this” is seen most of all in the 

capital, 41.2 % of those in Astana.

11.0 % think, probably because of their extremely 

vague idea of the importance and necessity of having 

time management, or perhaps simply because of the 

lack of employment and the huge amount of free time 

that being in any subculture “is not important, just a 

way to kill time”.

The “fashion for subculture” attracts new 

adherents to such communities: 10.8 % of all three 

cohorts think so on average. Again, it is impossible 

not  to  consider  an  insignificant  figure  of  6.3 %: 

respondents  who  found  it  difficult  to  somehow 

identify the motives and reasons for finding young 

people in subcultures.

Due to the growth of opportunities and 

conditions conducive to spatial geographic mobility, 

communication with local local communities 

is reduced, so there is no complex of clear 

characteristics covering one social class.

Concern is the attitude of young people towards 

their peers who have joined the ranks of the 

communities of a particular subculture. The vast 

majority are indifferent to youth subcultures. Those 

of 47.6 % in all three age groups. The same situation 

is in correlation by ethnic groups of young people. 

Moreover, the largest number of indifferent among the 

Russian youth (61.2 %), then in the Kazakh (45.3 %), 

among other ethnic groups (40.4 %). Most of all 

indifferent to the subcultures in the East Kazakhstan 

(75.7 %), Pavlodar (73 %), Atyrau regions (68.1 %). 

The least indifferent to their peers from subcultures 

in Mangystau (12 %) and Zhambyl (20.3 %) regions.

Only 17.9 % have a positive attitude towards the 

subcultures of their peers. The number of those who 

have a negative attitude towards them is also large 

− 21.1 %. Representatives of other ethnic groups 

(26.6 %) experience the most negative impact on 

subcultures, while among Kazakhs (22.5 %) and 

Russians (15.2 %), there are relatively fewer.

In part, this explained by both subcultural illiteracy, 

negative experiences of contact, or communication 

with representatives of certain subcultures. This 

serves as a motive for the next group of answers 

to the question: “Are there among your friends 

and acquaintances representatives of youth 

subcultures?”. 73.2 % of respondents excluded 

this possibility by replying “No”. Only an average of 

23.3 % of respondents in the three age cohorts of 

respondents answered positively to this question. 

Most among their surroundings, representatives 

of subcultures seen in Mangystau (64 %) and West 

M

O

RAL

 AND

 V

AL

UE

S A

TTI

TUDE

S O

F Y

O

UTH

388

National report 

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

CH

APTE

R 7

Kazakhstan (38.6 %) regions. Least of all in Akmola 

region (7.9 %) and East Kazakhstan region (8.8 %).

Interesting is the hierarchy of opinions regarding 

the reasons for young people to join the youth 

subcultures (tab. 7.5).

Thus, 40.2 % of respondents in all three age 

cohorts consider the banal “curiosity and interest” 

to be the main motive. Attracting attention to 

themselves, the motives of singling out among their 

own kind peers noted by 21.3 % as the main stimulus 

for joining subcultural communities. The possibility 

of self-realization as a person, the disclosure of their 

creative potential noted by 15.7 % of the respondents. 

16.2 % of respondents see the fashion and prestige 

of being in subcultures as the main motive. As you 

can see, no one sees the illegal motives, the motives 

of the search and making money in joining youth 

subcultures.

A mature look at the assessment of social 

attitudes demonstrates the answers of young 

respondents to the question: “In your opinion, why 

do people in society fear and try to avoid contact 

with representatives of informal youth subcultures?”. 

The unwillingness of the surrounding society, the 

older generation, to perceive innovations, in general, 

any new, in the opinion of Kazakhstani youth, is 

the main cause and inhibits the development of 

youth subcultures, and generally characterizes the 

subcultural illiteracy of the society and the older 

generation (tab. 7.6).

 The belonging of young people to subcultures 

always entails a number of consequences both for 

the private life of a young person and for his family 

and society as a whole. The most extensive are socio-

cultural consequences, since the coexistence of 

many cultural niches leads to the fragmentation of the 

entire culture of this community, the popularization 

of antisocial norms cultivated by the subcultures of 

violence, spiritual nihilism, indifference, can create 

a conflict situation of antagonistic cultures and 

normative dualism. This leads to the fact that young 

people acting in the cultural conditions of such an 

environment, resulting from such a dualism, accept 

and cultivate the norms of deviant behavior.

 Indifference, indifference to subcultures among 

the young people surveyed may explain the observed 

contradiction between the presence and development 

of various subcultures in the Kazakhstani youth 

environment, their increasing role in the life of the 

younger generation of teenagers and young people, 

and the lack of perception of these obvious trends by 

the pedagogical community of schools, secondary 

vocational education institutions and universities.

Meanwhile, subcultural literacy is an integral 

component of the professional competence of 

modern teachers and faculty members of universities. 

In Kazakhstan, the educational environment on 

typology, the transfer of knowledge on past and 

existing subcultures practically does not exist. 

Solidarity approaches of educational organizations 

and  families  (the  parent  community)  would 

significantly advance the processes of awareness 

Source: According to the data SRC “Youth”

19,3
43,2
13,4
16,0
10,3

17,4

0,0
0,0
0,0
0,2
0,2

11,8

14,0
39,1
15,4
16,8
14,0

22,7

0,0
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,0
9,3

From 14 to 18 age

15,2
38,2
15,1
14,2
12,4

23,8

0,0
0,2
0,0
0,0
0,0

11,1

From 14 to 18 age

Age groups

From 14 to 18 age

Why do you think young people join youth subcultures?

Being a representative of the youth subculture is fashionable.
Out of curiosity and interest
In order to dislike everyone, to protest against standards in society
To realize yourself as a person, reveal your creative talents.
Due to difficulties in communicating with family and friends, 
misunderstanding on their part
To stand out in society, attract everyone's attention
Other
Imitation of anyone
From idleness
To do something to spend your free time is a hobby.
Problems with education, with the psyche
Difficult to answer

Table 7.5 

ANSWERS OF RESPONDENTS TO THE QUESTION: “IN YOUR OPINION, WHY DO PEOPLE IN SOCIETY FEAR 
AND TRY TO AVOID CONTACT WITH REPRESENTATIVES OF INFORMAL YOUTH SUBCULTURES?”

M

O

RAL

 AND

 V

AL

UE

S A

TTI

TUDE

S O

F Y

O

UTH

389

CH

APTE

R 7

of the importance of understanding typology, the 

evolution of youth subcultures, their influence on the 

dominant culture, would demonstrate to youth the 

seriousness of the attitude of the education system 

at all levels to the issues of subculture.

This is all the more relevant for Kazakhstan, where 

the percentage of suicides among young people is one 

of the highest in the world, and finding young people in 

subcultures helps the individual to partially go beyond 

the boundaries of the sociocultural risk zone, preventing 

the formation of an intrapersonal existential crisis.

 Considering the existing consensus typology of 

youth subcultures into ingroups − groups with which 

a young man identifies himself and outgroups, groups 

from which a young man separates himself, feeling 

his difference from belonging to these groups, it can 

be argued that Kazakh youth are dominated by the 

second type of subcultural self-identification by type 

of outgroup, that is, in the mass sense, subcultures 

are those groups against which young people feel 

their differences.

The survey results clearly showed that the presence 

of such subcultures in the youth environment as a driver 

of change in the whole society leads to enrichment and 

rejuvenation of all existing cultures in a given society. 

A vivid example is the emergence and activation of the 

Q-Pop subculture and its prominent representatives 

in the Kazakhstani group Ninety One, derived from 

the widespread and popularity of K-Pop (Korean 

Pop Culture) as one of the global effects of Hallyu. 

Kazakhstan has become another country that has fallen 

on the charm of Hallyu, the so-called “Korean wave”.

It is important to note that among Kazakhstani 

youth there is completely no, both passive and active 

aggressive forms of ultranationalist subcultures, 

which can be observed in other countries. 

Source: According to the data SRC “Youth”

17,1

12,7

18,8
20,9

0,0

15,7
14,8

17,9

12,9

23,3
20,0

0,1

14,1
11,7

From 14 to 18 age

18,6

13,1

19,3
24,5

0,2

11,2
13,2

From 14 to 18 age

Age groups

From 14 to 18 age

Why do you think people in society are afraid 

and try to avoid contact with representatives 

of informal youth subcultures?

Anything that is different from the norms and standards 
in society is alarming and fears
Informal youth organizations are associated with drug addiction, 
alcoholism and crime.
Repulses calling appearance and non-standard appearance
Our society is hard on something new.
Other
People calmly, with understanding, react to representatives 
of youth subcultures.
Difficult to answer

Table 7.6 

RESPONDENTS' ANSWERS TO THE QUESTION “IN YOUR OPINION, WHY DO PEOPLE IN SOCIETY FEAR 
AND TRY TO AVOID CONTACT WITH REPRESENTATIVES OF INFORMAL YOUTH SUBCULTURES?”

M

O

RAL

 AND

 V

AL

UE

S A

TTI

TUDE

S O

F Y

O

UTH

390

National report 

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

CH

APTE

R 7

8.2.

  International experience

 

in crime prevention among

 

young people

YOUTH CRIME

CHAPTER 8

8

8.1.

  General characteristics

 

of crimes and offenses in the youth

 

environment: status and trends

YO

UTH

 CRIM

E 

391

CH

APTE

R 8

8.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES 

AND OFFENSES IN THE YOUTH ENVIRONMENT: 

STATUS AND TRENDS

 Crime among young people is one of the social 

problems that requires close attention from both the 

state and society as a whole.

Statistics on crime and suicides are compiled 

by the Committee on Legal Statistics and Special 

Records of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the 

Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter referred to as 

the KPSSU GP RK), which generates data on age 

groups. Statistics on crime among young people are 

classified in the following age groups: 14-15 years 

old, 16-17 years old, 18-20 years old, 21-29 years old.

General indicators of crime.

In 2017, in Kazakhstan, in the Unified Register 

of Pre-Trial Investigations (hereinafter − ERDR), a 

total of 316,418 offenses were registered, of which 

285,755 were crimes. If we turn to information 

about the persons who committed the offense, then 

there were 115,682 of them, of which 50,224 people 

(43.4 %) were at the time of the offense at the age of 

14-29 years.

In the case of perpetrators, the situation is similar. 

Thus, in 2017, 95,021 people who committed crimes 

were identified, of which 43,556 people (45.8 %) were 

at the age of 14-29 years old at the time of the crime 

(fig. 8.1).

Every year, 50 % of offenses and crimes 

committed in the country are among young people. 

This situation once again demonstrates the relevance 

of the analysis of the phenomenon of crime and the 

deviant behavior of young people.

The analysis of statistical data shows that 

crimes among people aged 14-29 years are more 

often committed by young people of the older age 

group (21-29 years old). The proportion of crimes 

committed by persons aged 21-29 years old is 

33,103 cases, which is 3.2 times more than crimes 

committed by persons of younger age groups of 

young people (fig. 8.2).

Of the total number of persons aged 14-29 years 

who committed crimes in 2017, 3,063 people, or 7 %, 

are minors (14-17 years old).

Analysis of crimes committed by persons aged 

14-29 years shows that the overall crime rate among 

the population of this age tends to fluctuate (increase 

/ decrease). So, in 2015 there was a decrease in this 

indicator by more than 25 %. Then in 2016, there 

was an increase in the level of youth crime by 17.3 % 

compared with 2015. 2017 was marked by a decrease 

in the number of crimes committed by young people, 

by 6 % (tab. 8.1).

Compared with 2016, in 2017 there decrease in the 

number of crimes committed by persons aged 14-29 

years for all age groups.

An analysis of the statistical data presented in 

Table 8.2 shows that in 2017 there is a decrease in the 

number of offenses committed by persons aged 14-

29 years for all types, except especially grave ones. 

For the most serious types of offenses in the age 

group of young people of 14-29 years old, there was 

Figure 8.1 

NUMBER OF OFFENSES / CRIMES OF 
THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN, 2017

Source: CLSSA SOPP RK

115 682

95 021

50 224

43 556

 

Offenes 

Crimes

14-29 age                Total

Figure 8.2 

 

THE NUMBER OF CRIMES COMMITTED BY 
PERSONS AGED 14-29, BY AGE GROUP, 2017

Source: CLSSASOPPRK

14-15 age

16-17 age

18-20 age

21-29 age

652

2 411

7 390

33 103

Table 8.1 

 

INFORMATION ON THE AGE STRUCTURE 
OF PERSONS WHO COMMITTED CRIMES 
IN 2015-2017 AND 6 MONTHS OF 2018 

Source: CLSSA SOPP RK

2015 

 

688

2 528
8 407

32 389

44 012

2016 

693

2 551
8 215

33 948

45 407

2017

 

652

2 411
7 390

33 103

43 556

370

1 217
3 727

16 478

22 062

6 mpnth of 2018

 

Age

 

14-15 age
16-17 age
18-20 age
21-29 age

TOTAL

CH

APTE

R 8

YO

UTH

 CRIM

E 

392

National report 

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

Source: CLSSA SOPP RK

44 022

9 463

27 306

6 687

549

3 830

349
888

941

31 541

18 959

3 104
3 895

590

7 324

6 934

53 221

8 641

29 077

7 100

589

3 559

358
859

723

34 559

21 859

3 212
4 052

594

5 827

5 278

50 224

7 445

28 647

6 797

667

3 087

367
842

534

33 803

22 272

3 182
3 705

492

4 939

4 381

25 286

3 406

14 879

3 417

360

1 541

241

-

200

17 517

11 803

1 836
1 756

287

2 336

2 068

2015 year

2016 year 2017 year

6 month of 

2018 year

Typrs of crime

Total offenses of them:

Light weight
Moderately severe
Heavy
Especially grievous

Criminal offenses against the person of them:

Murder (Article 99 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm 
(Article 106 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Rape (art. 120)

Criminal offenses against property of them:

Theft (Article 188 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Fraud (st.190 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Robbery (Article 191 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Robbery (Article 192 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan)

Criminal offenses against public safety and public order:

Hooliganism (Article 293 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
 

Table 8.2 

DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF YOUTH CRIME (14-29 YEARS) IN 2015-2017 
AND 6 MONTHS OF 2018

Source: CLSSA SOPP RK

2 412
2 428
3 550
1 393
4 546
2 169
2 227
3 592
2 715
1 192
1 322
1 832
1 666
3 982
4 584
4 584

160 786
208 311
442 936
146 986
288 396
256 803
147 643
305 199
193 551
190 105
157 959
156 324
122 221
742 070
471 404
251 675

15
11,7
8
9,5
16,8
8,5
15,1
11,8
14
6,3
8,4
11,7
13,6
5,4
9,7
18,2

Number of crimes 

committed by persons

(14-29 age)

Population 

of the region

(14-29 age)

For 1000 people

(14-29 years old)

Regions

Akmola region
Aktobe region
Almaty region
Atyrau region
East Kazakhstan region
Zhambyl region
West Kazakhstan region
Karaganda region
Kostanay region
Kyzylorda region
Mangystau region
Pavlodar region
North Kazakhstan region
South Kazakhstan region
Almaty city
Astana city

Table 8.3 

RATIO OF THE NUMBER OF CRIMES COMMITTED BY PERSONS AGED 14-29 YEARS TO THE 
NUMBER OF YOUNG PEOPLE (14-29 YEARS) LIVING IN THE REGION (PER 1,000 PEOPLE), 2017 

YO

UTH

 CRIM

E 

393

CH

APTE

R 8

an increase of 14.2 % or 78 cases.

 Among the offenses committed by persons aged 

14-29 years in 2017, property types of crimes prevail. 

Thus, out of 50,224 juvenile offenses committed by 

young people in 2017, criminal offenses against 

property  are  67.3 %  (33,803)  −  these  are  thefts 

(22,272), robberies (3,705), fraud (3,182), and robbery 

(492). Compared with 2016, in 2017 there was an 

increase in such type of offense as theft for 413 

cases.

For  the  period  of  6  months  of  2018,  25,286 

offenses committed by young people from 14 to 29 

years old recorded. Among the crimes committed 

by young people in the mentioned period, criminal 

offenses against property (17,517 crimes) prevail, 

which is 69.2 % of the total number of offenses.

Analysis of offenses committed by persons aged 

14–29 years in the regional context shows that in 

2017, per 1,000 people in the age group 14-29 years 

old, the largest number of crimes was committed 

in  Astana  (18.2),  East  Kazakhstan  (16.8),  West 

Kazakhstan (15.1), Akmola (15), Kostanay regions 

(14) (tab. 8.3).

The calculation of the number of crimes 

committed by persons aged 14-29 years per 1,000 

people in a regional context made it possible to build 

a ranking of regions in terms of youth crime (fig. 8.3).

 According to this rating (fig. 8.3), the lowest level 

of youth crime was recorded in the southern and 

western regions of the country (with the exception 

of the West Kazakhstan region).

The highest level of youth crime in 2017 in the 

northern, eastern and central regions of the country.

From the data presented in table 8.4, it is clear that 

in 2015 there was a decrease in the number of crimes 

committed by minors (14-15 years) compared with 

2014 by 14.3 %.

In 2016 compared to 2015, there was an increase in 

the total number of crimes committed by 14-15-year-

olds due to serious offenses (by 16.7 % or 21 cases), 

especially serious ones (by more than 2 times or 

by 6 facts). The number of murders committed by 

adolescents has also increased.

At the end of 2017, a decrease in the total number 

of offenses committed by this age group (14-15 

years) by 5.9 % recorded. The reduction occurred in 

all types of crimes, with the exception of especially 

grave ones, where the number increased by one case 

and amounted to 12 facts in general.

According to statistics, for 6 months of 2018, 

in the age group from 14 to 15 years there were 

absolutely 370 crimes, of which crimes of medium 

gravity (302 facts), serious (66 facts) and especially 

serious (2 facts).

The situation with the trend of crimes in the age 

group of 16-17 years old, which also fall into the 

category of minors, is similar to the situation of 

14-15-year-olds.

Similarly, we are witnessing a decrease in 

the number of crimes of 16-17 year olds in 2015, 

compared to 2014 in all categories (by 25.8 %), except 

for minor crimes (an increase of 33.1 %).

In 2016, we are seeing an increase in crimes of 

Astana city

East Kazakhstan region

West Kazakhstan region

Akmola region

Kostanay region

North Kazakhstan region

Karaganda region

Pavlodar region

Aktobe region

Almaty city

Atyrau region

Zhambyl region

Mangystau region

Almaty city

Kyzylorda region

South Kazakhstan region

Figure 8.3 

RATING OF REGIONS IN TERMS OF CRIME RATE 
OF THE POPULATION OF 14-29 YEARS 
PER 1,000 PEOPLE, 2017 

Source: CLSSA SOPP RK

18,2

16,8

15,1

15

14

13,6

11,8

11,7

11,7

9,7

9,5

8,5

8,4

8

6,3

5,4

CH

APTE

R 8

YO

UTH

 CRIM

E 

394

National report 

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

moderate severity by 0.6 % and serious crimes by 

14.3 % compared with the previous period. Along with 

this, there is a reduction of especially grave crimes 

by 37.9 %.

At the end of 2017, despite the decline in the total 

number of crimes committed by persons aged 16-

17 years, a particular concern is the increase in the 

number of particularly serious crimes by 55.6 %. 

There was a 77.8  % increase in homicides (7 cases).

In the age group of 16-17 years, for 6 months 

of 2018, 1,217 crimes were recorded. The greatest 

number of crimes belongs to the type of moderate 

severity (833 facts), the smallest number belongs to 

the group of especially serious crimes (14 facts) (tab. 

8.5).

Crimes committed by persons aged 21-29 years 

old account for 76 % of the total number of crimes 

committed between the ages of 14-29 years old.

The dynamics of crime among persons 21-29 

years old in 2015 has positive trends: a decrease 

in the number of crimes for all types. 2016, on the 

contrary, is characterized by an increase in the total 

number of crimes among the population of this 

age group by 4.8 % and an increase in the number 

of crimes of medium severity (by 9.4 %), grave (by 

7.2 %), especially grave (by 11.5 %) .

At the end of 2017, the number of crimes 

committed by persons aged 21-29 years old 

decreased by 2.5 % compared with the previous 

year. The situation with the increase in the number 

Source: CLSSA SOPP RK

688

5

551
126

5

693

5

530
147

11

652

1

497
142

12

370

0

302

66

2

2015 year

2016 year

2017 year

6 month of 2018 year 

Types of crime 14-15 years old

Total crimes of them:

Slight gravity
Moderately severe
Grave
Especially serious

Table 8.4 

TYPES OF CRIMES COMMITTED BY PERSONS AGED 14-15 YEARS IN 2015-2017 
AND 6 MONTHS OF 2018

Source: CLSSA SOPP RK

2015 year

2016 year

2017 year

6 month of 2018 year 

Types of crime 16-17 years old

Total crimes of them:

Slight gravity
Moderately severe
Grave
Especially serious

2 528

326

1 675

498

29

2 551

279

1 685

569

18

2 411

222

1 650

511

28

1217

106
833
264

14

Table 8.5 

TYPES OF CRIMES COMMITTED BY PERSONS AGED 16-17 YEARS (2015-2017) 
AND 6 MONTHS OF 2018

Source: CLSSA SOPP RK

2015 year

2016 year

2017 year

6 month of 2018 year 

Types of crime 18-20 years old

Total crimes of them:

Slight gravity
Moderately severe
Grave
Especially serious

8 407

1 367
5 625
1 335

79

8 215

1 245
5 578
1 318

74

7 390

1 013
5 150
1 133

94

3 727

451

2 648

589

39

Table 8.6 

TYPES OF CRIMES COMMITTED BY PERSONS AGED 18-20 YEARS IN 2015-2017 
AND 6 MONTHS OF 2018

YO

UTH

 CRIM

E 

395

CH

APTE

R 8

of particularly serious crimes by 9.7 % compared with 

2016 is alarming.

According to statistics, young individuals aged 

21-29 years, for 6 months of 2018, there were totally 

16,748 crimes, of which: minor gravity (2,849 facts), 

moderate severity (11,096 facts), serious (2,498 

facts), especially heavy (305 facts) (tab. 8.7).

Juvenile delinquency

An analysis of the registered offenses committed 

by persons aged 14-17 years in 2017 reveals the 

following features of juvenile delinquency.

The majority of juveniles who committed offenses 

(76.4 %) in 2017 belong to the age cohort of 16-17 

years old (2,411 people).

In the structure of crimes committed by minors, 

the largest share is accounted for crimes against 

property − 2,547 (80.7 %), criminal offenses against 

public security and public order − 301 (9.5 %), criminal 

offenses against a person − 209 (6,6 %). Most often, 

adolescents commit thefts − 1 656 (65 % of all 

offenses against property committed by persons 

aged 14-17), robbery − 549 cases (21.6 %), fraud − 

109 (4.3 %). In 2017, out of hooliganism, 269 offenses 

were committed.

The rise in criminal offenses committed by minors 

in 2017 compared to 2016 is of concern. Thus, in the 

category of 14-15 years, growth was recorded in the 

following criminal offenses: “intentional infliction 

of grievous bodily harm” by 6 cases (60 %) and 

“intentional infliction of moderate severity to health” 

by 4 cases (44.4 %).

Teenage crime often has a group character. The 

data shown in table 8.8 show that in most parts of 

Source: CLSSA SOPP RK

2015 year

2016 year

2017 year

6 month of 2018 year 

Types of crime 21-29 years old

Total crimes of them:

Slight gravity
Moderately severe
Grave
Especially serious

32 389

7 765

19 455

4 728

436

33 948

7 112

21 284

5 066

486

33 103

6 209

21 350

5 011

533

16 748

2 849

11 096

2 498

305

Table 8.7 

TYPES OF CRIMES COMMITTED BY PERSONS AGED 21-29 YEARS IN 2015-2017 
AND 6 MONTHS OF 2018

Source: CLSSA SOPP RK

142
171
311
101
164
202
244
235

83
95

494

80
73

351
178
179

58
86

152

56
62

109
113
118

51
23

235

40
27

153

83
63

12
43
41

7

42
37
23
59

2
1

38

5

11

122

20

8

8,5
25,1
13,2
6,9
25,6
18,3
9,4
25
2,4
1,1
7,7
6,3
15,1
34,8
11,2
4,5

The number of offenses 

committed imperfectly summer

In the group

Previously committed

Regions

Akmola region
Aktobe region
Almaty region
Atyrau region
West Kazakhstan region
Zhambyl Region
Karaganda region
Kostanay region
Kyzylorda Region
Mangystau region
South Kazakhstan region
Pavlodar region
North Kazakhstan region
East Kazakhstan region
Astana city
Almaty city

Table 8.8 

REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN 2017

CH

APTE

R 8

YO

UTH

 CRIM

E 

396

National report 

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

the republic a significant part of crimes committed 

by minors takes place in a group form. In 2017, the 

number of juveniles who committed offenses in 

groups reached 1,455 people (2016 – 1,502 people). 

This trend is very dangerous, since any group 

organization has a stronger impact on a person than 

an individual. Especially when it comes to the fragile 

psyche and unformed personality of a teenager, 

these threats increase and may have irreversible 

consequences in the form of a teenager’s transition to 

a marginal delinquent environment and assimilation 

of deviant behaviors.

Attention drawn to the increase in 2017, 

compared with 2016, the number of minors brought 

to trial, previously committed offenses. A significant 

number of adolescents commit offenses repeatedly 

(472 people in 2017 against 460 people in 2016). 

In general, it can be assumed that adolescents 

who have committed crimes will most likely be 

involved in criminal activity again. In some regions, 

the proportion of minors brought to criminal 

responsibility again reaches more than 30 %, 

that is, every third convicted juvenile has already 

committed criminal offenses. The alarming situation 

is developing in East Kazakhstan (34.8 %), West 

Kazakhstan (25.6 %), Aktobe (25.1 %), Kostanay 

(25 %) regions (tab. 8.8).

Of the 3,156 adolescents prosecuted in 2017, 220 

girls, 1,835 students, 1,297 people are not working / 

not studying (fig. 8.4).

Compared with the previous year, in 2017 in all 

regions of the country there is a slight downward 

trend in the number of crimes. Only in three regions 

there is an increase in the number of crimes of this 

category of the population: Aktobe (by 28.9 %), 

Atyrau (by 7.2 %) regions and Astana by 32.8 % (tab. 

8.9).

In the period of 6 months of 2018, the highest 

number of crimes is observed in the following 

regions: in South Kazakhstan (2,064 facts), East 

Kazakhstan (2,063 facts), Almaty (2,007 facts) 

regions and in the cities of Astana (2,376 facts) and 

Almaty (2,490 facts).

At the same time, it is important to understand 

that regions differ not only in population, youth, but 

also have different socio-economic, cultural, and 

historical conditions.

Thus, the analysis of statistical data allows to 

conclude about the relevance of the problem of 

crime among young people. Crimes committed by 

minors, repeated crimes and crimes committed in 

a group are particularly troubling.

Source: CLSSA SOPP RK

2 396
1 815
3 316
1 465
4 805
2 212
2 298
3 472
3 095
1 446
1 343
2 048
1 987
3 981
2 641
4 839

2 424
1 883
3 783
1 299
4 550
2 397
2 428
3 919
2 931
1 235
1 343
2 010
1 913
4 148
3 451
4 911

1097
1128
2007

718

2063

944

1035
1620
1280

590
726
804
779

2064
2376
2490

2 412
2 428
3 550
1 393
4 546
2 169
2 227
3 592
2 715
1 192
1 322
1 832
1 666
3 982
4 584
4 584

2015 year

2016 year

2017 year

6 month of 2018 year

Regions 

Akmola region
Aktobe region
Almaty region
Atyrau region
East Kazakhstan region
Zhambyl Region
West Kazakhstan region
Karaganda region
Kostanay region
Kyzylorda Region
Mangystau region
Pavlodar region
North Kazakhstan region
South Kazakhstan region
Astana city
Almaty city

Table 8.9 

THE NUMBER OF CRIMES, BY REGION IN 2015-2017 AND 6 MONTHS OF 2018

Students

Not working / 
not studying

Figure 8.4 

DETAILS OF MINORS WHO COMMITTED 
OFFENSES, 2017 

Source: CLSSA SOPP RK

12

97

      

        

     

     

  18

35

   

YO

UTH

 CRIM

E 

397

CH

APTE

R 8

8.2. INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN CRIME 

PREVENTION AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE 

 Crime among youth should be considered as 

one of the most serious and significant problems of 

modern society. Concerns about this are widespread 

both among the public and for public authorities. In 

many countries are various programs and projects, 

which implemented for the prevention of crimes and 

offenses among young people. Given the risk factors, 

countries are trying to find their own approach for this 

work and way that effectively.

Risk factors for youth crime.

At the individual level, factors that influence the 

potential for criminal behavior among young people 

include biological, psychological and behavioral 

characteristics. These factors can already manifest 

themselves in childhood or adolescence, and to one 

degree or another, they can be influenced by family 

and peers, as well as other social and cultural factors.

Parental education and family environment are 

central factors in the development of criminalbehavior 

among young people. Poor parental supervision 

of children, the use of harsh physical punishment, 

financial distress, the asocial behavior of parents and 

their use of alcohol or drugs are predictors of the 

growth of youth crime, or at least the stability of its 

indicators.

The influence of families on the tendency toward 

deviant behavior among young people is usually 

most pronounced in childhood. In adolescence, 

predominantly friends and peers begin to play this 

role.

One of the following main factors is the economic 

situation in the country. Many studies have found 

that the main reason that young people are involved 

in various crimes is poverty and the unfavorable 

economic climate of the region in which they live. 

It’s confirmed by the fact that during the crisis in the 

Eurozone and European countries the number of 

young criminals has increased significantly. Due to 

poverty and the lack of other opportunities to earn a 

living, young people resort to criminal activity.

 

Netherlands

In the Netherlands, work  to reduce crime among 

young people is done through early intervention. In 

the Netherlands, work to reduce crime among young 

people  by  early  intervention.While  serving  their 

sentences, young offenders receive support aimed 

at preventing re-offending.

The government is taking the following measures 

to prevent the reoffending of young offenders:

1. Individual approach

Every young person is different and deserves 

support The Youth Crimes Committee conducts an 

analysis of the portrait of the offender and provides 

specially adapted assistance. For example, young 

people with problems of self-control can be assigned 

to attend courses on managing and controlling 

aggression. 

2. Training and educational programs

When  a  young  person  is  released  from  the 

institution for offenders, they need to integrate into 

society, attend school or find work. The training 

and education programs provided at the end of the 

deprivation of liberty period are designed to help 

them prepare for this.

3. Proper support and guidance

The Council for the Protection of Children, the 

probation service for youth and the municipalities 

work together, provide counseling and provide shelter 

for young people released for the period of education 

and/or job search.

4. Early intervention for children under 12 years old

Children under the age of 12 cannot be held 

accountable. The police either talk to their parents 

or refer them to the adolescent care unit. Courts can 

take action if there is a risk that the situation could 

become unmanageable.

5. Parents of minors must be present at the 

hearing.

When a juvenile is tried for a crime, parents or 

guardians must be present at the trial so that the 

judge can understand the situation in the family. 

In the absence of parents at the hearing, the court 

issues an order to ensure their presence. In such 

cases, the police take the parents out of the house 

and accompany them to court.

The police often talk with parents, and the Child 

Protection Council also establishes contact with 

them for further preventive work. The youth probation 

service contacts them after the annulment of the pre-

trial detention order.

6. Fight against problematic youth groups (gangs)

This reduces the risk of a return to a criminal 

lifestyle. An integrated approach developed to combat 

youth gangs is coordinated by the municipality in 

cooperation with the police, the public prosecution 

service and the Ministry of Security and Justice.

Kingdom of Great Britain

 

In England, various preventive programs are 

practiced to reduce the risk of involving young people 

in criminal activities. They are implemented in local 

communities and help vulnerable young people direct 

their talents to positive activities.

Young people are referred to these programs for 

the following reasons:

1. They had problems with the law;

CH

APTE

R 8

YO

UTH

 CRIM

E 

398

National report 

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

2. Increased risk of involvement in criminal 

activity;

3. They exhibit antisocial behavior.

Programs are run by a local youth anti-crime 

committee or other local organizations, such as 

youth charity organizations. Typically, young people 

are sent to the passage of one of these programs 

by the police. However, they can also be sent by a 

teacher or social worker. Participation in some of 

these programs is voluntary, on the initiative of a 

young person or his parents (guardians).

Youth crime prevention programs are linked 

to activities aimed at helping young people avoid 

involvement in crime.

The two main prevention programs are the “Youth 

Engagement Programs” and the “Youth Engagement 

and Support Groups”.

Youth engagement programs.

These programs have been designed to reduce 

youth crime in some of the poorest parts of the UK. 

They differ from other programs because they are 

intended for adolescents who have an increased risk 

of involvement in crime.

This “intervention” can manifest itself in a variety 

of forms: support for parents, language support for 

students of ethnic minorities, music groups, leisure 

clubs, environmental clean-up projects, participation 

in sports and even drama clubs. Programs are 

designed for children from 8 to 17 years old and 

usually last specified periods of time, for example, 6 

months. Sometimes a young person can attend longer 

if there is a need or he finds a useful occupation.

Youth attraction groups and their support

This program is aimed at preventing crime and 

antisocial behavior. Youth groups support young people 

between the ages of 8 and 13 with signs of antisocial 

behavior and a high risk of involvement in crime.

Groups consist of local youth, volunteers and 

social workers who provide high-quality services for 

children and their families. This support is considered 

an important step in preparing young people for 

the challenges and stresses of everyday life and 

providing them with opportunities to unleash their full 

potential, and thus a positive contribution to various 

multicultural communities.

This program is voluntary, with the consent of 

young people and their parents. Before the start of the 

program, youth workers draw up a prevention program 

and evaluate a young person. In the framework of 

this process, the type of support that will be most 

effective is determined by interviewing.

Canada

In Canada, the key to preventing youth crime is 

social development. Taking into account social 

problems, the main programs are aimed at correcting 

the life course of young people even before the 

development of deviant behavior. Projects help to 

overcome the various risk factors that young people 

may encounter in their daily lives and move on to a 

more traditional and constructive way of life.

Programs offer a variety of services for young 

people, such as education, employment support, 

professional development and recreational 

activities. Most of the projects were developed and 

introduced into the community by voluntary non-

profit organizations in collaboration with key crime 

prevention stakeholders such as schools and local 

police. These interventions are usually targeted at 

young people between the ages of 12 and 24 who 

show risk factors associated with criminal behavior, 

such as drinking alcohol or drugs, lack of attachment 

to school, communication with criminals, violent and 

aggressive tendencies, and early contact with justice 

system.

Program for solving problems of young people 

connected with school:

One of the traditional penalties for schoolchildren 

in Canada was to remove them from school for a 

certain period of time, which depends on the severity 

of the offense they committed. However, many studies 

have questioned the effectiveness of this form of 

punishment, and suggest that sending young people into 

an uncontrolled environment can increase disciplinary 

problems and, in the end, may even contribute to the 

creation of more crimes. Considering the data of the 

research, in 2009 an alternative program for excluding 

students from school was launched. The project 

is designed as an out-of-school intervention that 

establishes a relationship of trust and creates a network 

of support from a group of students, which helps them 

in dealing with issues of removal, along with academic 

training. The initiative is aimed at successful reintegration 

of suspended students back into the classroom, as 

well as consideration of other behavioral difficulties 

(manifestation of aggressive, impulsive, destructive, anti-

social behavior, poor parental supervision) that put these 

young people at risk of involvement in criminal activities.

It has been shown that alternative removal is a 

successful tool, given that the individual components 

of the intervention have been evaluated and proven in 

different contexts. The program promotes personal 

development and independence through educational 

activities, and appropriate interventions, as required, 

depending on the nature of the specific problems faced 

by young people.

A program aimed at preventing aggression and 

violence

The project was developed by the city of Toronto 

to promote the development of young people, prevent 

YO

UTH

 CRIM

E 

399

CH

APTE

R 8

and treat health problems and prevent youth behavior, 

based on various sources and evidence that are 

aimed at reducing the number of crimes.

As part of the program, participants between the 

ages of 12 and 24 undergo multi-system therapy 

designed for young people and their family members, 

whose intended goals include stopping the use of 

alcohol or drugs, getting rid of aggression, improving 

school performance and positive family relationships. 

Each family is assigned an employee who provides 

regular support and counseling based on the specific 

needs of young people and their families. Treatments 

include individual, family, school and community 

activities. Evaluations have shown that the program 

is effective in reducing a number of risk factors and 

ensures the participation of young people in such 

positive actions as school and employment.

 In order to reduce the number of offenses, the 

following funds were created:

1. “Crime Prevention Action Fund” [1] (Crime 

Prevention Actions) − the main task of the foundation 

is to support practices aimed at eliminating the risk 

factors of crime, reducing the number of cases of 

ill-treatment among children and young people. 

Dissemination to the masses of tools and resources 

related to effective crime prevention practices.

2.  “YouthGangPreventionFund”  [1]  (YGPF)  − 

(Working with youth gangs) − hampers the creation 

of new youth gangs and also hinders the participation 

and joining of young people at risk.

Denmark

The focus of the Danish government is on crime 

prevention efforts, through mentoring and leisure 

activities for young people. This activity is based on 

the collaboration of schools, social services and the 

police. The goal of cooperation is to include external 

and internal parties in the work on finding and solving 

problems for an individual young person, groups of 

young people and their families.

 Studies show some positive and well-documented 

effects in many different categories that are critical 

to the lives and well-being of young people. In 2016, 

the rates of juvenile delinquency in Denmark reached 

a historic minimum, the number of crimes since 2005 

has decreased by 41%. As a rule, good results are 

mostly visible if the interventions are long, intense 

and include personal and trusting relationships with 

adults and, moreover, have a positive effect on the 

psychosocial development of young people.

However, in some cases, mentoring and leisure 

activities for young people may have some worsening 

effects in the form of reduced self-esteem or negative 

influence from peers. Therefore, it is imperative to pay 

attention to the ways of implementation, adaptation 

and effectiveness of mentoring programs, and take 

into account the types of target groups for leisure 

activities.

Prevention of offenses by mentoring is carried 

out by the police and social services, a police officer 

informs representatives of social services that a 

young man between the ages of 15 and 25 has been 

charged or the police consider him at increased risk 

of involvement in crime for one reason or another. In 

consequence of this, social services hold a meeting 

within which a method of support is determined, which 

will be the most effective. This may be preventive 

work with a representative of social services, social 

services or counseling.

Prevention measures through interventions 

in schools are most effective, especially when 

they involve extensive efforts to support social 

skills. Based on existing knowledge, Denmark has 

developed a model for the best approach to extensive 

preventive work in schools. This program defines five 

critical areas for young people:

Young people need to know the importance of 

social norms, which means understanding existing 

social fallacies. Unfavorable surroundings, the media 

and the Internet make many young people believe that 

a criminal lifestyle, drinking alcohol or drugs is the 

norm. Awareness of young people about these false 

stereotypes, awareness of the effect of convictions 

on their future career opportunities, reduces the risk 

of their own involvement.

It is important that there is a relationship of trust 

between teachers and students. Communication, 

being an important factor in the formation of the 

student’s personality, contains enormous pedagogical 

opportunities. How a teacher communicates with 

students in the classroom and outside of it, as he 

speaks to them, as he understands them, in many 

ways affects the success of training and education.

Efforts should be made to collaborate and 

collectively train the students in the classroom so 

that they all feel that they are part of the organization. 

Collective learning allows students to learn more 

about each other and strengthen partnerships, 

helps to prevent conflicts with peers and models 

appropriate behavior.

It is important that students have competence in 

conflict management. This reduces the number of 

conflicts and teaches how to deal with them when 

they arise.

To teach young people how to build mutual 

understanding, how to understand another person in 

the course of a conversation, how important it is to 

be able to convey their thoughts and feelings to the 

interlocutor. Thus, the communicative competence 

of adolescents is formed, and on its basis group 

CH

APTE

R 8

YO

UTH

 CRIM

E 

400

National report 

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

cohesion dynamically develops.

These rules contribute to the prevention of 

offenses, inclusion in society and improving 

the welfare of the individual. Therefore, general 

prevention in schools and free education should 

focus on these elements.

United States

 

The United States attaches great importance to the 

problems of preventing crime among young people 

and working with teenagers. Attention to the education 

of the younger generation is reflected in the design and 

implementation of three special programs. The first 

of these is the training course, which is designed for 

elementary school students, introduces the main tasks 

of law enforcement agencies, the rights and duties of 

citizens, as well as measures to ensure individual and 

collective security. The course designed for students 

in grades 4 and includes the following main topics: 

law and crime, home security, shoplifting, vandalism 

and personal security. The training course is designed 

for six lessons of 45 minutes each and is read for 

three weeks by specially trained police officers. The 

ten-year age was not chosen by chance, according 

to the American psychologists at this particular age 

children have a special susceptibility and a craving for 

independence. It is assumed that children who have 

attended the course will have less chances to become 

criminals in the future.

The next program is aimed at students in grades 

7-8, whose task is to familiarize minors with the 

system of values existing in society, the basics of 

criminal law and the duties of a citizen, as well as 

forming an idea of what awaits violators of law 

and order. The program introduces students to 

laws relating to offenses such as looting, vagrancy, 

violation of tenure, vandalism, shoplifting, beating, 

illegal drug use, and so on. The training material is 

presented in an accessible form in the textbook, in the 

amount of 135 pages. Great importance is attached 

to the speech for each studied law of police officers 

specially invited to classes.

In the Los Angeles Police Department, a juvenile 

crime prevention program was tested in practice with 

visits to correctional institutions. The goal of this 

program is to psychologically impact adolescents 

who have not yet committed a crime, but who are 

registered with the police for their propensity to 

wrongdoing, drug abuse and antisocial behavior. This 

program includes a visit to the police station, where 

a teenager directly observes the representatives of 

the criminal environment, faces his peers who have 

been arrested for various crimes. Also, police officers 

together with teenagers visit centers for the treatment 

of juvenile drug addicts to familiarize themselves with 

treatment methods. Further, the program includes a 

“tour” to the correctional center, where criminals are 

between the ages of 14-20 years old, awaiting trial, 

adolescents are conducted through the emergency 

room, cells, a prison yard, and are introduced to living 

conditions and rules of conduct.

Japan

 

Due to a certain level of culture, upbringing and 

a fairly high standard of living, the level of deviation 

of adolescents in Japan, including cases of robbery, 

violence and murder, is low. Among the norms of 

deviation, mild offenses such as theft, school fights, 

and vandalism are popular.

Fundamental roles in the crime prevention process 

among Japanese youth are:

1. Repeated revision of the Law on Education 

and the Law on Minors. Significant initiatives were 

the integration of young people from all social 

sectors of society into the learning process, as well 

as the possibility of self-correcting the activities of 

educational institutions of the school administration.

2. The role of the public. Legislative initiatives 

and programs aimed at combating the wrongdoings 

of the Japanese government would not have been 

so successful if there had been no support from the 

public. The main tools for the government of Japan 

are social institutions such as family, school, peers. 

Tradition − the main tool of social control.

In  general,  Japan’s  government  policy  on 

combating and preventing crime among young 

people is targeted, which consists in concentrating 

preventive measures on adolescence (12-16 years 

old), and also contains a system of measures to 

combine the efforts of the government, family, school 

and the public. countries in order to prevent deviant 

behavior among young people.

401

CONCLUSION

 

The national report “Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018” 

presents an annual comprehensive analysis of the 

situation of young people on a wide range of issues, 

which forms the basis from which the following 

conclusions made:

1. In the structure of the total population of the 

country, the number of young people in the last five years 

have decreased. If in 2014 this figure was 25 %, in 2018 

it stands at 21.5 %. Since 2014, the number of young 

people has decreased by 9.1 %, amounting to 3,900,834 

people.

The reduction in the number of young people is a 

consequence of the “demographic hole of the 90s” – a 

catastrophic decline in the birth rate in the 90s. This trend 

of decrease in the number of young people is a temporary 

phenomenon and, according to forecasts, the number of 

young people expected to grow from 2022–2023.

The percentage of youth in the context of urban 

versus rural indicates an increase in the proportion of 

young people among the urban population from 54.9 % 

in 2014 to 56.5 % at the beginning of 2018. The outflow 

of youth from rural to urban areas is increasing. Reduced 

fertility among young people.

The postponement of marriages at a later age, an 

increase in the average marrying age indicates important 

changes in marriage behavior. The increase in the 

average age of marrying affected by the desire of young 

people to be self-sufficient economically – to obtain 

education, an expertise, a job, and a career.

In the participation of youth in migration trends 

over the past five years, significant changes can be 

traced. From 2014 to 2017, there is a negative balance 

of migration of young people. The largest number of 

retiring youth accounts for the CIS countries (90.1 %). 

In general, the peak of mobility falls on the age group of 

young people between 24-28 years old, mostly female.

2. For the first time, the national report reflects 

the position of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the 

Youth Progress Index (YPM), which is one of the main 

instruments for measuring the quality of life of young 

people, the effectiveness of youth policy, and measuring 

progress, regardless of economic indicators. YPM is 

calculated on the basis of a complete analysis of data 

for 102 countries and a partial analysis (due to limited 

available data) of 52 countries.

Kazakhstan’s ranking in the Youth Progress Index, 

like most CIS countries, is in the middle position range, 

63rd place. The strengths of Kazakhstan include the 

satisfaction of basic human needs. According to YPM, 

in Kazakhstan, young people have high opportunities 

for education and employment, however, civil activity 

is estimated as average. According to the results of 

this index, Kazakhstan is inferior to the CIS countries 

(Armenia, Georgia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine) in areas 

such as personal safety, perception of crime, mortality 

as a result of traffic accidents, and also lags behind in 

health, which is associated with a high level of suicide 

among young people.

3. The health of the young generation is one of the 

main priorities of the state. Socially significant diseases 

(tuberculosis, HIV, oncopathology, etc.) are among the 

main threats to the health of young people. The analysis 

of statistical data on the incidence of youth has made it 

possible to determine the following trends:

Despite the decline in the total number of patients 

with the first-ever established diagnosis (tuberculosis) 

at the age of 15-29 years, in some regions the situation 

in this area remain difficult. In Atyrau region, the indicator 

‘the number of cases of tuberculosis per 100 thousand of 

the population of a corresponding age’ shows that as at 

the end of 2017, the cases there are 1.8 times higher than 

the national average. In Aktobe, Kyzylorda, Mangystau 

regions and Astana city this indicator is 1.4 times higher 

than the national average.

Among women with onychopathology, young women 

have the highest rate (62.3 %). The most unfavorable 

situation with the incidence of young people with 

malignant neoplasms in 2017 were in Astana city, 

Karaganda and Zhambyl regions.

In 2017 the total number of young people registered at 

RSC AIDS have decreased compared to 2016. At the end 

of 2017, the largest number of young people registered at 

the RSC AIDS were in East Kazakhstan (364), Karaganda 

(337) regions and Almaty (354).

The largest number of cases of alcoholism among 

the population aged 15-29 years were recorded in the 

following regions: East Kazakhstan region, Kyzylorda 

region and Astana city.

It is necessary to pay attention to the problem of early 

pregnancy and abortion among minors. At the end of 

2017, the most prevalent cases were in the following 

regions: South Kazakhstan, Almaty and Karaganda.

An important role in the health care system played 

by youth health centers. Currently, there are 96 YHC in 

the country.

Playing sports is one of the most important 

mechanisms for improving the health of youth. In most 

regions of the country, there is an increase in the number 

of young people involved in sports. The number of young 

people who are systematically involved in sports in 2017 

amounted to more than 2.5 million people.

Leisure is also an important condition for the cultural 

socialization of young people, actively shaping their 

402

National report 

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

values, knowledge and behavioral skills. The distinction

of the leisure in the modern youth is that they spend more

and more time on the Internet. In the regions, there is an

uneven development of the leisure infrastructure.

4. The access of children and young people to

secondary education in the Republic of Kazakhstan

considered high. There are in total 7,047 schools,

including 125 private schools, 75 evening schools, 100

special education organizations, 34 schools under state

bodies, 20 Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools, 4 Republican

schools, 8 international schools, 7 schools for children

with deviant behavior, 1 school for children with a

special regime of detention and 1 international school

- a subsidiary of AEO “NIS”. A total of 2,972,329 people

are enrolled within these 7,047 schools.

The percentage of young people with technical

and vocational education in 2017 was at 17 %. The

implementation of the projects “Free TVET for All” and

“Serpin” contributed to an increase in the number of TVET

organizations. For the first time in the last 5 years, the

contingent of TVET organizations demonstrated growth,

which was accompanied by an increase in the volume

of government orders for training personnel in working

specialties and middle specialties.

In the 2017-2018 academic year, there were 130

universities in Kazakhstan, in which 496,209 people

enrolled.

In Kazakhstan, the main vectors for the modernization

of  the  education  system  are  the  improvement  of

the education process, the increase in the efficiency

and accessibility of educational services, and the

optimization of educational institutions.

5. While maintaining traditional forms of participation

in social and political processes, young people attracted

by new non-institutional forms of activity. Forms of

political and civic participation acquire new qualitative

outlines. Separate studies record a declining level of

political participation by youth. Experts note that a

movement as begun to take shape, connected more with

personal self-realization, and the initiatives on the part of

young Kazakhstanis are becoming more concrete and

pragmatic.

Youth accounts for 24 % of administrative civil

servants. Civic activism of youth realized through

participation  in  the  activities  of  youth  public

organizations. In the first half of 2018, there were 933

youth non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and 210

YRC in the Republic of Kazakhstan. New forms of civic

activity as volunteering do not attract the youth of the

new generation.

The main reasons that may force young people to

go to a public protest action are: negligence and lack of

professionalism of employees in medical institutions;

the rise in prices for food, fuel and lubricants, drugs; 

dismissal from work; unfair court rulings; delayed wages, 

scholarships, benefits and housing problems.

6. The socio-economic situation of youth 

characterized by the following features: The number of 

workers aged 15-28 years in the labor market amounted 

to 2,121.2 thousand people, of which the employed 

population is 2,038.8 thousand people (II quarter of 

2018). Among the young people employed, 74.6 % 

are hired workers, 21.5 % are self-employed, 3.9 % are 

unemployed. In the second quarter of 2018, the share of 

NEET youth in the country was at 7.7 %, which is 0.6 % 

less compared to the last quarter of 2017.

7. Analysis of the values of modern Kazakhstani 

youth showed the following: Family, health and friendship 

still occupy leading places in the rating of values but in 

percentage terms, their value has significantly decreased. 

Young respondents have begun to attach less importance 

to entertainment and the desire for power. In contrast, 

the values of love, wealth, knowledge and education, 

interesting work, profession, self-realization, self-esteem, 

career growth, and helping people have begun to be of 

greater importance to the country’s youth compared to 

the year before. Section 7 of the National Report presents 

a detailed analysis of the value characteristics of young 

people in various regions of Kazakhstan.

8. The problem of crime in the youth environment 

continues to be relevant. Every year, about 50 % of 

offenses and crimes in the country arecommitted 

by young people. Most often, delinquent behavior is 

characteristic of young people of the older age group 

(21-29 years).

The analysis of statistical data shows that in 2017 

there is a decrease in the number of offenses committed 

by persons aged 14-29 years for all types, except 

especially grave ones.

For the most serious types of offenses, there was an 

increase of 14.2 % (78 cases) in the age group of 14-29 

years old. Amongst all the offenses committed by this 

age group in 2017, crimes related to property was the 

most prevalent.

Of the total number of persons aged 14-29 years 

who committed crimes in 2017, 3,063 people, or 7 %, 

were minors (14-17 years old). In the structure of crimes 

committed by minors, the largest proportion is comprised 

of crimes against property (80.7 %) followed by criminal 

offenses against public security and public order (9.5 %) 

and criminal offenses against a person (6.6 %).

In  most  parts  of  the  country,  a  significant 

characteristic of crimes committed by minors is that they 

take place in group form.

Attention drawn to the increase from 2016 to 2017