Национальный доклад «Молодежь Казахстана

AND

ECO

ATUS

F Y

UTH

355

APTE

R 5

direct financial support is the most effective form of

support for youth entrepreneurship. Every fifth and

every fourth of the respondents gave their preference

to lower credit and tax rates − 25.3 % and 21.0 %

respectively. 22.5 % of urban and 16.4 % of rural youth

from the total number of respondents supported

educational support.

Young people are attracted to entrepreneurial

independence: material and personal. In the top

three most attractive aspects of the entrepreneur’s

work, the respondents included:

- the ability to do your favorite business − 50.1 %;

- high level of income − 36.8 %;

- relatively free (flexible) schedule − 22.9 %.

Table 5.12 presents the respondents’ answers

to the question “What government programs and

projects, what business support organizations

did you hear, know or were you a member of

(cooperated, addressed)?”. According to the results

of a sociological study of the SRC “Youth”, from

7.8 % to 16.5 % of respondents indicated that they

possess information about youth entrepreneurship

development programs.

The analysis of the data on the question

“What do you think are the problems of youth

entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan, what problems

do young entrepreneurs face?” Also revealed that

the lack of financial resources (lack of start-up

capital) is the most urgent problem hindering the

development of youth entrepreneurship: 55, 7 % of

respondents chose this option. The top five issues

also included:

- high rent − 32.4 %;

- a high level of taxation − 23.9 %;

- lack of business experience, delivery of tax

reports − 22.0 %;

- unavailability of credit resources − 21.9 %.

Findings

Currently, the share of employed youth aged 15-28

in the labor market is 96.1 % of the total number of

2,121.2 people in the republic. Youth unemployment

is at 3.9 %.

Of the total employed population, 74.6 % hired

workers, 21.5 % are self-employed. The largest

share of employed young people is 16.5 % in the

wholesale and retail trade and the repair of cars

and motorcycles; 13.6 % in agriculture, forestry, and

fisheries; 11.2 % of education and 10.9 % in industry.

In general, there is an increase in the number

of people employed in all sectors of the economy,

except for agriculture, forestry, fisheries and a slight

decrease in the construction sector. Note that these

trends accurately reflect the process of the departure

of young people from rural areas to the cities.

According to the results of sociological research

conducted by the SRC “Youth”, 42 % of the young

people have problems of employment, of which

48.5 % are respondents of the older age category. The

most acute problem is in three regions of the country:

Zhambylskaya − 60.2 %, Kyzylorda − 59.3 % and

Mangystau − 56.0 %. 31 % of respondents indicated

that finding a job without professional skills is not

difficult, the difficulties experienced mainly by those

who are looking for work in their specialty.

According to official data, the share of NEET

youth in the republic was 7.7 %, which is less by 0.6 %

compared to the fourth quarter of 2017. This category

of young people is most represented in Karaganda

(12.9 %), Turkestan (11.3 %) and North Kazakhstan

(10.0 %) regions, the smallest in Kostanay (4.9 %),

East Kazakhstan (4.6 %) and West Kazakhstan

(3.3 %) regions.

As of July 1, 2018, the number of young citizens

engaged in self-employment is 124,027 people.

Table 5.12

YOUTH AWARENESS OF THE YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN KAZAKHSTAN

Source: According to the data SRC “Youth”

The program for the development of productive employment
and mass entrepreneurship for 2017-2021 “Enbek”
Business support and development Program
“Business Roadmap – 2020”
The national chamber of entrepreneurs
of the Republic Kazakhstan “Atameken”
Entrepreneurship Development Fund “DAMU”
The project for the development
of the youth corps (jointly with the WorldBank)

2,0

2,3

1,6

1,3
2,0

8,0

16,5

12,6

14,4

7,8

67,8

45,4

53,4

50,9
73,5

22,3

35,9

32,6

33,5
16,8

Heard

something

I know well but did

not participate

I know,

participated

I do not know,

do not hear

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AND

ECO

ATUS

F Y

UTH

356

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

APTE

R 5

Issues of youth entrepreneurship widely supported

at the state and regional levels. Despite this, the majority

of the young people surveyed are not interested in

entrepreneurial business: 51.3 % answered they did not

plan to deal with them and 32.3 % did not think about it.

Answered “yes, we plan” − 16.5 %, 34.3 % − choose the

trade sector and 20.1 % − choose the service sectorThe

main reasons for the passive interest of young people in

entrepreneurship are the lack of awareness of program

documents. According to young people surveyed, the

main difficulties to open own business are associated

with a lack of financial resources.

5.4. SOCIAL WELFARE OF YOUNG FAMILY AND

VULNERABLE GROUPS OF YOUTH

According to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

“On State Youth Policy”, a young family is a family in

which both spouses are under the age of twenty-nine

years, or an incomplete family in which a child (children)

raised by one of the parents under the age of twenty-nine.

The state takes care of the family by creating

conditions for economic independence and increasing

family welfare, paying state benefits for childbirth,

preferential loans, creating and developing educational

institutions, cultural organizations, physical culture and

sports, health care, creating conditions for parents to

combine work with family responsibilities, development

of infrastructure of life.

One of the key directions of the state policy regarding

a young family is associated with the birth of a child.

Social support includes maternity leave and parental

leave for children up to three years old, one-time

allowance for childbirth, a monthly child allowance, free

food for children up to two years in low-income families,

free milk formulas for children whose health conditions

do not feed on breast milk.

In Kazakhstan from 2018, was introduced a single

benefit of targeted payments, which combined three

forms of financial assistance: child support (until

adulthood), payment to each member of an unsecured

family, and assistance to parents with many children.

One of the important issues requiring attention from

the state is the housing issue. Every year, to solve this

problem, the state creates conditions and implements

programs for the purchase of housing.

Under the “7-20-25” program, the interest rate on a

loan is 7 % per year, the initial installment will be no more

than 20 %. Loan term extended to 25 years.

The mortgage is issued for the purchase of housing in

new buildings in the cities of Astana, Almaty, Aktau, and

Atyrau at a maximum cost of 25 million tenge, in other

regions 15 million tenge.

According to the Ministry of Investment and

Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter

- MID RK), since the start of the “Nurly Zher” program,

19 thousand apartments have been sold, of which

34 % or more than 6 thousand apartments provided to

participants under the age of 28.

The Nurly Zher program provides support for the

construction of rental housing without redemption for

socially vulnerable groups of the population. It is planned

to build about 4 thousand apartments annually.

Measures have been taken to provide land plots with

engineering communications. It is planned annually to

provide with networks more than 40 thousand land plots

for individual housing construction.

Housing construction by private developers due to

state subsidies for price parameters per 1 square meter

220-260 thousand tenge. About 50 % of this housing is

sold through Zhilstroysberbank.

Figure 5.12

SUPPORT FOR YOUNG FAMILIES AT CHILDBIRTH

Fixed one-time childbirth allowance

State support at birth

Monthly social payments during
the first year of a child’s life

Maternity and childcare leave
for children up to 3 years

Figure 5.13

MORTAGE 7-20-25

Source: National Bank

Rate

Down payment should not exceed

20%

Participants will be able to get a loan within

25 years

Kazakhstanis will be able to get a loan
in the middle of

2018

The maximum cost of housing for cereals. Cities
(Almaty, Astana, Atyrau, Aktau)

25 million tenge

For the rest of the regions

15 million tenge

The National Bank will create a special company
that will attract at least

$ 1 trillion. tenge

and send

to buy new mortgage loans provided by banks on
these terms

MORTAGE 7-20-25

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AND

ECO

ATUS

F Y

UTH

357

APTE

R 5

Table 5.13

STATE HOUSING PROGRAM “NURLY ZHER”

Source: MID RK

Regions

Aktobe region
Almaty region
Atyrau region
East Kazakhstan region
Almaty city
Zhambyl region
WestKazakhstan region
Karaganda region
Kostanay region
Kyzylorda Region
Mangystau region
Pavlodar region
NorthKazakhstan region
South Kazakhstan region

Total amount

818

18
75

185

1 955

653

155
221
156
151
198
972

5 566

Total

299

6
9

526

114

64
92
42
41
26

248

1 520

Age from

14-28

37
33
12
27
27
50
17
29
41
42
27
27
13
26

Specific

weight (14-28) in %

Total

Age from

14-28

Specific

weight (14-28) in %

1 337

211

1 717

3
0

357

15
53

465

41
25

2017 year

2018 year (I half year)

The proportion of young people (14-28 years old) who received housing under the state housing program “Nurly Zher”

Akmola region
Aktobe region
Almaty region
Atyrau region
WestKazakhstan region
Zhambyl region
Karaganda region
Kostanay region
Mangystau region
Kyzylorda Region
NorthKazakhstan region
South Kazakhstan region
Pavlodar region
East Kazakhstan region
Astanaha
Almaty city

Total amount

Total

Age from

18-28

Specific

weight (18-28) in %

Total

Age from

18-28

Specific

weight (18-28) in %

2017 year

2018 year (I half year)

Table 5.14

STATE HOUSING PROGRAM “NURLY ZHER”

Source: MID RK

“Zhilstroybank

of Kazakhstan”

151
248
116
351
651
171
130
639
133
180
398
407
268

82
21

213

4 159

29
43
33
61

131

35
34

149

36
31

110

56
81

9
7

906

19,2
17,3
28,4
17,4
20,1
20,5
26,2
23,3
27,1
17,2
27,6
13,8
30,2
11,0
33,3
28,6

21,8

199
882
285
309
222

103
293
730

189
467

73
62

275
370

4 563

261

54
64
50
21
28
71

150

47
92
15

38
77

1 015

19,6
29,6
18,9
20,7
22,5
21,2
27,2
24,2
20,5
40,0
24,9
19,7
20,5

9,7

13,8
20,8

22,2

The proportion of young people (18-28 years old) who received housing under the state housing program “Nurly Zher”*

* loans, regardless of the sources of lending

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AND

ECO

ATUS

F Y

UTH

358

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

APTE

R 5

Working with vulnerable youth groups

Since 2017, in the territory of the Republic of

Kazakhstan, the MES RK with the grant support of the

World Bank has been implementing the Youth Corps

Development Project (hereinafter − the Project).

The goal of the Project is to involve young people,

especially vulnerable groups, in socially useful

activities through the development of vital skills

through participation in a training program and the

implementation of socially significant projects. In 2017,

the Project launched in pilot mode, and it will until 2020,

covering 8,500 young people throughout Kazakhstan.

Project activities are organized under three

components: (i) support for community service learning

for the benefit of the community and the development

of vital skills; (ii) support the institutional development

of the implementation of state youth policy; (iii) project

management, monitoring and evaluation

Component 1 of the Project implemented by the

Coordination Agency established by a consortium

of three organizations: the ALE “Youth Congress of

Kazakhstan, the ALE” National Volunteer Network, and

the private institutions “The Republican Headquarters

of youth labor groups Zhasyl Yel”.

This component includes four subcomponents:

1. The provision of grants of up to 1,000,000

tenge and social scholarships to youth groups for the

implementation of social projects;

2. Training young people in the development of vital

skills and project management;

3. Work with vulnerable groups of youth;

4. The implementation of an effective outreach

campaign, feedback, and problem-solving mechanism.

Project participants are young people aged from

14 to 29 years old (except for schoolchildren) who

undergo three-stage training in vital skills and project

management, implement their social projects for six

months, and also receive a monthly stipend of 60,000

tenge - university graduates, 40 000 tenge - all other

participants. In addition, all participants receive support

from mentors during the implementation of their

projects. The project aimed at engaging youth from

vulnerable groups: 1) who do not work, do not study, or

undergo vocational training; 2) who work, but remain

below the poverty line.

In 2017, the Project launched on the territory of

Almaty, Karaganda, Pavlodar, and South Kazakhstan

regions, the project included 589 subprojects or 2,000

participants. By the end of the pilot year, 536 subprojects

were successfully implemented and completed, which

included 1,813 participants, the proportion of vulnerable

youth was about 40 percent. Within the framework of

the Project, life skills and project management training

programs developed: 5 teaching materials for mentors,

Total

Age from

18-28

Specific

weight (18-28) in %

Total

Age from

18-28

Specific

weight (18-28) in %

Table 5.15

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM UNTIL 2020

Source: MID RK

Total amount

222

50
61

124

62
12

138

6
3
3
1

140
531
590

1 971

67
13
17
31

-
-
-

113
117

442

20,0
30,2
26,0
27,9
25,0

30,6

18,8
50,0

0
0
0

22,1
21,3
19,8

22,4

22
11
11

7
1

291

11
12

1
5
0
1
3

38
24

441

1
2

-
-

-
-
-
-

-
-

3
5

33,3

9,1

18,2

0
0

27,8

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

7,9

20,8

21,3

The proportion of young people (18-28 years old) who received housing under the state program for

the development of regions until 2020 (including the Young family)*

loans, regardless of the sources of lending

2017 year

2018 year (I half year)

“Zhilstroybank

of Kazakhstan”

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AND

ECO

ATUS

F Y

UTH

359

APTE

R 5

5 for participants and 2 supporting materials for training

mentors. 188 mentors and over 1,000 participants were

trained. Additionally, access was provided to online

education for people with disabilities and participants

on maternity leave to care for children. All the exercises

and tasks from the training adapted to the online course,

the material submitted through videos and homework.

At the end of the course, there is an opportunity to pass

the final test.

In 2017, the Project covered 27 cities, 67 districts

and 119 villages. In the pilot regions, among others,

37 sewing workshops, 27 language schools, 76

leisure clubs, 79 sports clubs, 36 developing children’s

centers, 9 bakeries and cheese-makers, 9 greenhouses,

37 workshops for the production of dairy and meat

products, 29 computer courses, 38 beauty salons and

massage rooms, 10 psychological support rooms, 5

pastry shops, 6 auto and joinery workshops.

The process of identifying the following regions for

the Project in 2018 and 2019 carried out through an

expert survey, a general overview of public services

provided in the communities, and a socio-economic

analysis of the regional distribution of vulnerable youth

groups. Data analysis based on statistical methods,

a wide range of materials was used as data sources,

including official data from the Statistics Committee

of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of

Kazakhstan, original expert survey data and secondary

data on the results of youth sociological research.

Thus, the following geographical recommendations

for project implementation identified:

2018 − North Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan,

Zhambyl, Kyzylorda, Kostanay and Aktobe regions.

2019 − Astana, Almaty, Mangystau, Atyrau, Akmola,

West Kazakhstan regions.

In 2018 young people from Aktobe, East Kazakhstan,

Zhambyl, Kostanay, Kyzylorda and North Kazakhstan

regions took part in the second phase of the Project.

Within the framework of the project, a large-scale

awareness campaign was conducted in 1,395 villages

and auls to involve vulnerable youth, which included

holding 1,016 informational meetings about the Project

at the level of rural districts and home-based bypass

among the target audience of 30,550 households.

According to the results of the information work, 2,684

projects (or 9,878 people) were submitted to the grant

competition, among these young people about 65 %

of vulnerable groups. In 2018, 3,508 participants from

1,027 projects entered the project, of which 2,254

(64 %) participants were from a vulnerable category of

youth. Also on a competitive basis, 191 mentors were

selected. In May - June 2018, 300 orientation seminars

were held for more than 6,000 young people, in August-

September − 16 pieces of training for 160 mentors and

more than 120 training for more than 3,000 participants.

In 2018, in the framework of the Project in six

regions, 251 projects were aimed at developing the

village, 135 for HLS and sports, 117 culture and leisure,

238 educational projects, 27 projects to support family

values and traditions, 26 volunteer projects, 19 for

patriotism and civic engagement and 17 on ecology and

landscaping, 10 aimed at the development of tourism,

etc.

The project has developed and uses the best

international practices:

- the feedback and problem solving mechanism,

which gives the right to be heard to each participant

in the project, within the framework of the mechanism

a contact center operates, which regularly collects

feedback from various stakeholders through multiple

channels free of charge

- CRM system, which accumulates all the information

about the project participants for further analysis and

use of data for research;

- monitoring and evaluation, the processes of which

allow analyzing the project’s processes at each stage

using primary and final surveys.

Within the framework of the Project, an impact

assessment is conducted for the first time in

Kazakhstan under the guidance of the World Bank.

The study will measure the degree of influence of this

project on the youth of Kazakhstan.

As part of the implementation of component 2 of

the Project, in 2017, tasks were carried out to study

the mechanisms for working with youth in the NEET

category, to release video manuals aimed at developing

a positive attitude of young people towards community

service and improving the life skills of students in senior

secondary schools and college students TVET, also to

increase the participation of young people in community

service and volunteering in Kazakhstan. (For reference:

all developed materials and videos are available on the

official website and YouTube channel of the MES RK).

The project is a unique platform for the positive

development of young people and contributes to the

acquisition of new experience and development of

vital skills, which in turn are the basis of psychosocial

competence and aimed at improving self-awareness,

self-regulation, as well as the ability to defend their own

rights and care for their own health. In addition to the

positive impact on the youth of Kazakhstan, the Project

improves the educational potential for its further use

after the Project: in the regions, there will be trained

experts on working with young people who will use the

materials and experience gained.

Work with underage youth

As a rule, families are significant (or potential) source

of economic, material, emotional and social support and

the prosperous future of young people often depends

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AND

ECO

ATUS

F Y

UTH

360

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

APTE

R 5

on the custody of their parents. Conversely, family

factors can be the main cause of stress and injuries, and

a significant number of those young people who are left

without parental care experience social dislocation and

homelessness. Evidence suggests that communication

with the “family” is an important protective factor for

long-term well-being.

According to the MES RK, by the end of 2017,

there are 20 centers for the adaptation of minors in

Kazakhstan. In 2017, 7,539 minors placed in centers.

937 (12.4 %) left without parental care, 6,306 (83.6 %)

homeless, 207 (2.7 %) sent to special educational

institutions for children with deviant behavior and with

a special regime content, 89 (1.1 %) − minors in difficult

life situations. Out of the number of admitted minors,

7,231 children arranged, of the 6,274 minors transferred

to families, 578 sent to organizations for orphans and

children left without parental care, 124 sent to custody,

21 to patronage, 132 sent to transferred to adaptation

centers of other regions − 41, sent to organizations by

type of adaptation centers of other countries − 13 and

transferred to a guest family − 48.

In all 19 adaptation centers, there are family

support services, the activity of which is aimed at

providing counseling, psychological, informational,

social and legal assistance to the pupils of the

centers.

To strengthen the family institution and prevent

divorce, it is necessary to increase family values

through activities dedicated to Family Day, Mother’s

Day, Children’s Day.

Activation of mass media and advertising

promoting family lifestyle, on raising the value of

seven, motherhood and fatherhood as socially

significant professions and on the growth of the

prestige of all family and related roles.

Creating an information base of teaching materials

to be used by young families and institutions working

with young people.

Launch projects aimed at young people acquiring

new skills and knowledge that contribute to the

current well-being of adolescents and the future

successful transition to adulthood Projects should

contain a wide range of development opportunities

and focus their priorities in different ways to meet the

needs of various vulnerable youth groups.

Centers should be set up for working with

vulnerable groups of young people and a database

should be created taking into account all vulnerable

groups for monitoring and further successful work

and the availability of programs for young people in

their community.

Carrying out various activities related to sports,

vocational guidance, music, dancing, academic

enrichment or the preparation of the workforce.

5.5. YOUTH DEVELOPMENT INDEX OF

KAZAKHSTAN – “ZHASTARGA MEIRIMDI

MEKEN”

The current generation of youth is the largest in human

history. According to the 2016 Global Youth Development

Index Report, 24.2 % are young people. Recognizing the

youth as a driving force in the sociopolitical and social

development of society, the governments of many

countries striving to create favorable conditions for the

development and realization of their potential.

In Kazakhstan, the method of assessing the level of

youth development was first used in the framework of our

country’s participation in the Global Youth Development

Index. In 2013, Kazakhstan took the 27th place, being

in the category of countries with an “average” level of

youth development in the five main areas of youth

activity: education, health, and well-being, employment

and opportunities, the participation of young people in

the civil and political life of the country.

What is the Youth Development Index?

The YDI is a composite index of 18 indicators that

collectively measure multi-dimensional progress on

youth development in 183 countries, including 49 of the 53

Commonwealth countries. It has five domains measuring

levels of education, health and well-being, employment

and opportunity, political participation and civic

participation for young people. The YDI is guided by the

Commonwealth definition of youth as people between the

ages of 15 and 29, while recognising that some countries

and international institutions define youth differently.

In 2016, the MES RK in cooperation with the SRC

“Youth” initiated a project for the development of young

people in the regions − “Zhastarga meirimdi meken”.

The goal of the project is to ensure consistency in the

activities of all institutions of youth policy, to increase

the effectiveness of the implementation of youth policy

in all cities and regions of the country. The index does

not pursue the task of determining the responsibility

of individual institutions of youth policy and services

providing services to young people in the regions.

To date, the project is being implemented in a pilot

mode by SRC “Youth” and MSD RK. After the pilot period,

the possibility of introducing this method of assessing the

development of youth in the regions on an ongoing basis

will be considered.

The basis of the Youth Development Index “Zhastarga

Meirimdi Meken” is the methodology for calculating

international indices of well-being and youth development.

Evaluation of conditions for the development of youth

in the regions is carried out in 7 directions using 33

indicators: 25 indicators according to official statistical

data of the central state bodies and 8 indicators according

to the results of sociological studies of the SRC “Youth”

(fig. 5.14).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AND

ECO

ATUS

F Y

UTH

361

APTE

R 5

The selection of indicators was carried out according

to the following criteria:

- The presence of a precise definition;

- Availability of a reliable data source;

- Data availability at the time of collection of

information in all regions;

- A unified approach to interpretation;

- Clarity of the content of the indicators for youth

workers, officials and the public.

The level of youth development ranked by 4 levels:

extremely unsuccessful, moderately unsuccessful,

conditionally prosperous and prosperous (fig. 5.15).

Education

The Education sub-index includes 4 indicators

reflecting the level of coverage of young people

with secondary special and higher education, their

satisfaction with the quality of education and the

proportion of funds allocated for the implementation

of educational programs. The national average value

of the Education sub-index was 43 points. Thus,

the conditions created in the regions for young

people to receive quality education are rated as

“moderately prosperous”. In the regional context,

the most favorable environment for obtaining high-

quality specialized secondary and higher education

is observed in the Kyzylorda region (73 points) and

the city of Astana (62 points). The minimum values

of the subindex are noted in South Kazakhstan (13

points), Zhambyl (17 points), Kostanay (22 points),

Aktyubinsk (25 points) and Mangystau (28 points)

regions.

Health and healthy lifestyle

This domain covers 8 indicators that determine

the physical and psychological health of Kazakhstani

youth. The national average for this domain is 63

points and is the maximum in comparison with the

other 6 domains. The Almaty region (85 b.) Is a safe

environment for maintaining a healthy lifestyle and

harmonious psychological development of young

people. The high score is due to the low mortality

rate of young people, the minimum number of young

people suffering from mental disorders and alcohol

dependence. Assessment of the conditions created

to maintain the physical and psychological health

of young people in the East Kazakhstan region is

allowed to be attributed to the risk zone. This state

of affairs is due to the predominance of the number of

young people declared unfit for service in the Armed

Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan for health

reasons (9 %) in comparison with other regions.

The problem of alcoholism among young people is

also more often relevant for East Kazakhstan region

(0.29 % vs. 0.07 % in the republic) than other regions

of the country.

Employment and social opportunities

The labor potential of youth measured by 8

indicators. Problems associated with employment

and the provision of social services observed in

the Karaganda region (22 b.). The region has a high

proportion of youth NEET (12.4 %). A favorable

environment for professional development and the

attainment of economic stability of young people was

created in the West Kazakhstan region (66 b.).

Political participation

The activity of young people in the socio-political

processes was assessed by 4 indicators. The value

of the Political Participation sub-index turned out

to be minimal compared to the other sub-indices.

Political participation of young people in 13 regions

is characterized as “moderate” (not higher than

Figure 5.15

LEVELS OF YOUTH DEVELOPMENT
BY POINT SCALE

extremely

dysfunctional

0-24

points

moderately

dysfunctional

25-49

points

conditionally

safe

50-74

points

significantly

prosperous

75-100

points

Figure 5.14

STRUCTURE OF THE YDI:
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INDICATORS

i −

indicator (total)

stat −

statistics

soc −

The results of sociological research

Safety and

security

3 i / 2 stat + 1 soc

Education

4 i / 3 stat + 1 soc

Health and

well-being

8 i / 7 stat + 1 soc

Employment and

opportunities

8 i / 6 stat + 2 soc

Political

participation

4 i / 3 stat + 1 soc

Civic

participation

2 i / 1 stat + 1 soc

Leisure

4 i / 2 stat + 2 soc

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AND

ECO

ATUS

F Y

UTH

362

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

APTE

R 5

49 points). The conditionally safe level of political

participation of young people is noted in the West

Kazakhstan region (73 points), mainly due to the

high proportion of young deputies elected to local

representative bodies of the region (4 %). The

extremely low level of political participation of young

people is noted in Aktobe region (16 points).

Leisure

The conditions created in the regions for the

organization of leisure time available for young people

and the development of the creative potential of young

people were measured by 4 indicators. The smallest

value of the Leisure sub-index noted in Kostanay

region

(14 points) and Almaty (17 points), which is

due to

the low level of youth involvement in physical

culture. Good conditions for the leisure of young

people are created in the northern regions of the

country, namely

in Pavlodar (86 points) and North

Kazakhstan (81 points) regions. In Pavlodar

region, the additional

education level of young

people of senior school age

(14-18 years old) is

twice the national average.

Security

The level of safety of young people across the

country is rated as “moderately prosperous” (50

points). The analysis of indicators of the youth

safety sub-index indicates that Almaty and Kyzylorda

regions are the most prosperous from the point of

view of the safety of young people (75 points). The

youth of the Aktobe region feels the least safe (29

points). Here, every third young man (38.6 %) is not

sure about his personal security.

Thus, there is a low level of participation of young

people in the public and political life of the country.

Weak youth involvement carries with it the risks of

social disintegration, alienation and, ultimately, social

exclusion. There is a weak development of cultural

and leisure infrastructure for young people in the

regions. The qualitative organization of free-spending

time for young people in the regions should contribute

to the development of the creative potential of young

people, increase their social activity, and intensify the

processes of self-organization among young people.

Table 5.16

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM UNTIL THE 2020 YEAR

REGIONS

Astana city
Almaty city
Akmola region
Aktobe region
Almaty region
Atyrau region
East Kazakhstan region
West Kazakhstan region
Zhambyl region
Karaganda region
Kostanay region
Kyzylorda region
Mangystau region
Pavlodar region
North Kazakhstan region
South Kazakhstan region

The Republic of Kazakhstan

0,62
0,60
0,49
0,25
0,47
0,42
0,56
0,47
0,17
0,48
0,22
0,73
0,28
0,46
0,44
0,13
0,43

0,61
0,85
0,47
0,55
0,78
0,73
0,35
0,66
0,78
0,50
0,48
0,78
0,79
0,57
0,41
0,70
0,63

0,44
0,42
0,45
0,52
0,50
0,59
0,36
0,66
0,62
0,22
0,56
0,46
0,33
0,43
0,33
0,45
0,46

0,37
0,33
0,43
0,16
0,49
0,47
0,40
0,73
0,26
0,30
0,28
0,35
0,61
0,44
0,42
0,31
0,40

0,31
0,17
0,71
0,40
0,48
0,54
0,60
0,52
0,45
0,73
0,14
0,51
0,34
0,86
0,81
0,28
0,49

0,37
0,36
0,61
0,29
0,75
0,70
0,59
0,49
0,42
0,62
0,59
0,75
0,42
0,61
0,57
0,72
0,50

EDUCA

TION

HEAL

TH AND

HEAL

EMPL

YMEN

AND SOCI

OPPOR

TUNI

TIES

POLI

TICAL

PAR

TICIP

ATION

LEISURE

SECURI

SUBINDEX

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UTH

AND

TICAL

PRO

SSE

364

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

APTE

R 6

6.1. YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN POLITICAL AND

CIVIL LIFE

In modern conditions, young people have a

great influence on the social and political life of the

country. Historical experience shows that the nature

of youth participation in political and civil life largely

determines the features of the political process and

the development of civil society.

According to the ACSAAC RK, as of January 1,

2018, the number of administrative civil servants

under the age of 29 years old was 23,601 people

or 24 % of the actual number of employees (98,499

people).

In the general structure of administrative civil

servants under the age of 29 years old – 53 % belong

to the central state bodies (12,538 people), 47 %

work in local government bodies (11,063 people)

(fig. 6.1).

At the end of 2017, the largest number of young

civil servants in the local executive bodies of South

Kazakhstan (1,193 people), Almaty (1,054 people),

East Kazakhstan (981 people, Kostanay (919

people) regions. The smallest representation in

the Kyzylorda region (355 people) and Astana (280

people) (fig. 6.2).

The number of mayor of all levels and their

deputies under the age of 29 years at the beginning

of 2018 was 150 people. The largest number is in the

Almaty region (26), the smallest in the city of Almaty

(3) and Kyzylorda region (3) (tab. 6.1).

The number of civil servants under the age of

29 in maslikhats of all levels was 148 people. The

largest number of young people work in maslikhats

of Kostanay (21), Almaty (19) regions. Least of all are

young people in maslikhats of Almaty (2) (tab. 6.2).

One of the indicators of youth activity in the

political life of society is its participation in the

activities of political parties.

According to local executive bodies, six political

parties operate in the regions:

• “Nur Otan” party;

• Political party “Birlik”;

• Democratic Party of Kazakhstan “Ak Zhol”;

• People’s Democratic Patriotic Party “Aul”;

• Communist People’s Party of Kazakhstan;

• Nationwide Social Democratic Party.

Total

Central executive bodies

Local executive bodies

Figure 6.1

DATA FOR CIVIL SERVANTS UP TO 29 YEARS
(AS OF JANUARY 1, 2018)

Source: ACSAAC RK

063

2018 year

Akmola region

Aktobe region

Almaty region

Atyrau region

East Kazakhstan region

Zhambyl Region

West Kazakhstan region

Karaganda region

Kostanay region

Kyzylorda Region

Mangystau region

Pavlodar region

North Kazakhstan region

South Kazakhstan region

Almaty city

Astana city

Figure 6.2

FIGURE 6.2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE
ADMINISTRATIVE CIVIL SERVANTS UNDER THE
AGE OF 29 YEARS IN THE REGIONAL CONTEXT,
AS OF JANUARY 1, 2018

Source: ACSAAC RK

822

739

1 054

396

981

679

608

821

919

355

394

691

621

1 193

510

280

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UTH

AND

TICAL

PRO

SSE

365

APTE

R 6

One of the leading youth organizations in the

country is the youth wing of the “Nur Otan” party -

“Zhas Otan”. As of August 2018, the total number of

members of the MK “Zhas Otan” was 164,115 people.

During 2017, the following activities implemented:

the project

“Satti kadam”, the project “National

League of KVN”, the project “Nurintech”, the project

“Zhastar Otanga”.

The civic activism of youth realized through

participation in the activities of youth public

organizations. According to data of local executive

authorities, in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as of

the 1st half of 2018, 933 youth non-governmental

organizations are functioning (tab. 6.4).

The largest number of youth organizations

registered in West Kazakhstan (89), Karaganda (86),

Zhambyl (85) regions. Least of all youth associations

operate in Mangystau (20) and East Kazakhstan (26)

regions.

Association of legal entities in the form of the

association “Congress of Youth of Kazakhstan”.

In 2017, “The Youth Congress of Kazakhstan” held

more than 10 projects and events of international,

republican and regional significance, such as

the “Days of the Youth Congress of Kazakhstan”

in the Atyrau region, the Youth Forum “Shanghai

Cooperation Organization”, the Creative Festival

Table 6.1

THE NUMBER OF MAYOR OF ALL LEVELS AND
THEIR DEPUTIES UNDER THE
AGE OF 29 YEARS, 2017

Source: ACSAAC RK

Amount

7
7
5

12
12
13

3
7
7

12
13

0
3

150

Regions

Akmola region
Aktobe region
Almaty region
Atyrau region
East Kazakhstan region
Zhambyl Region
West Kazakhstan region
Karaganda region
Kostanay region
Kyzylorda Region
Mangystau region
Pavlodar region
North Kazakhstan region
South Kazakhstan region
Astana city
Almaty city

TOTAL

Figure 6.3

QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION OF MEMBERS
OF THE MK “ZHAS OTAN”,
AS OF AUGUST 2018

Source: YW “ZhasOtan”

46 902

73 584

41 657

1 970

16-18 age

19-25 age

26-29 age

over 29 years old

Table 6.2

THE NUMBER OF CIVIL SERVANTS UNDER THE
AGE OF 29 YEARS IN THE OFFICES OF THE
SENATE AND THE MAZHILIS OF THE PARLIAMENT
OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN,
MASLIKHATS OF ALL LEVELS, 2017

Source: ACSAAC RK

Количество

11
14

16
21

3
4

0
2

149

Regions

TOTAL

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UTH

AND

TICAL

PRO

SSE

366

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

APTE

R 6

Source: Local Executive Bodies

YW“ZhasOtan”*
YWCPK
YW NSDP
PDP “Auyl”
Political party “Birlik”
Democratic Party of Kazakhstan “Ak Zhol”
YW “ZhasOtan”*
YW CPK
PDP “Auyl”
Democratic Party of Kazakhstan “Ak Zhol”
YW “ZhasOtan”*
YW “ZhasOtan”*
YW CPK
YW NSDP
PDP “Auyl”
Democratic Party of Kazakhstan “Ak Zhol”
YW “ZhasOtan”*
YW CPK
PDP “Auyl”
Democratic Party of Kazakhstan “Ak Zhol”
YW “ZhasOtan”*
YW “ZhasOtan”*
YW “ZhasOtan”*

МККНПК

YW “ZhasOtan”*
YWCPK
YW NSDP
PDP “Auyl”
YW “ZhasOtan”*
YW “ZhasOtan”*
YW “ZhasOtan”*
YW “ZhasOtan”*
YW CPK
YW “ZhasOtan”*
PDP “Nur Otan”
YW “ZhasOtan”*
Democratic Party of Kazakhstan “Ak Zhol”
Democratic Party of Kazakhstan “Ak Zhol”
PDP “Auyl”
NSDP
YW “ZhasOtan”*
YW “ZhasOtan”*
YWCPK
YW NSDP
PDP “Auyl”
Politicalparty “Birlik”
Democratic Party of Kazakhstan “Ak Zhol”

6 094

700
235

112
383

3 259

50
30
30

19 100

5 044
1 224

556

500

16 750

1 963
1 706
1 620

12 354
14 733
17 003

2 103
7 434

1 971

1 088

10 146

3 528

10 227
10 389

1 380
5 500
1 658

11 672

2 000

968

14 200

6 054

Total

12 000

Number of young people

in political parties

Regions Political parties

Regions

Akmola region

Aktobe region

Almaty region
Atyrau region

East Kazakhstan region

Zhambyl Region
West Kazakhstan region
Karaganda region

Kostanay region

Kyzylorda Region
Mangystau region
Pavlodar region
North Kazakhstan region

Turkestan region
Shymkent city

Astana city
Almaty city

Table 6.3

DATA ON THE NUMBER OF YOUNG PEOPLE (18-28 YEARS) IN POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE REGIONAL
CONTEXT, THE 1ST HALF OF 2018

*According to the YW "Zhas Otan"

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UTH

AND

TICAL

PRO

SSE

367

APTE

R 6

for young people with disabilities, The Republican

forum of trilateral cooperation “Asar” and others

in the projects of the ALE “Congress of Youth of

Kazakhstan” for 2017 was attended by 5 thousand

with direct and 350 thousand people with indirect

coverage. Projects implemented in all regions of the

country.

During the first half of 2018, 6 mass projects were

carried out in 11 regions of Kazakhstan, with direct

coverage of 2,000 people, with indirect coverage of

100,000 participants.

One of the largest youth organizations in the

Republic of Kazakhstan is the NGO “United Children and

Youth Organization” Zhas Ulan”. Over 6.5 years of the

organization’s operation, a large number of projects have

been implemented. The organization has permanent

representatives in all regions of the republic. Today,

according to the NBC, there are more than 1.6 million

schoolchildren in the organization.

The purpose of the organization is to develop the

capacity and level of educational work of educational

organizations; activation of public social, cultural and

cognitive, creative activity of students in educational

institutions and strengthening the role of the social

practice of children and adolescents in conditions of

amateur organization).

Important work organized by youth resource centers

(YRC), where young people can get the necessary advice

on various issues.

There are 210 YRCs in the republic according to local

executive bodies, according to the results of the first half

of 2018 (tab. 6.5).

Young people have always attracted the attention of

political leaders, since their political participation has

repeatedly predetermined the outcome of the political

struggle. In the late XX − early XXI centuries. The role

of youth in political processes was especially clearly

manifested in the protests of the countries of North

Africa and the Middle East, as a result of which the

political authorities that ruled in these countries were

overthrown, in the activities of protest youth movements

that became the main force of velvet revolutions [17-19].

The study of the causes and factors of youth

participation in political and civic life, the identification

of new trends in this process associated with the study of

modern conceptual approaches and scientific research

in this area.

Table 6.4

NUMBER OF ACTIVE YOUTH NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS), AS OF THE 1ST HALF
OF 2018

Source: Local Executive Bodies

Amount

40
33
67
73
26
85
89
86
77
65
20
36
64
62
35
30
45

933

Regions

TOTAL

Table 6.5

NUMBER OF ACTIVE YOUTH RESOURCE CENTERS
(FOR THE FIRST HALF OF 2018)

Source: Local Executive Bodies

Quantity

20
14
20

20
12
14
19
20

9
8

13
15
15

1
1
1

210

Region

TOTAL

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UTH

AND

TICAL

PRO

SSE

368

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

APTE

R 6

The results of sociological studies of Kazakhstan

scientists revealed indicators of the involvement of

Kazakhstan’s youth in various forms of political activity,

manifested in electoral activity, participation in political

institutions, interest in politics, daily discussions

on social and political topics in social networks,

volunteering, etc. While maintaining traditional forms

participation, young people are attracted to new non-

institutional forms of activity [20-23].

One of the forms of youth activity is participation

in the implementation of state programs. “The

level of participation of the country’s youth in the

implementation of these programs depends on the

degree of awareness of young citizens about the goals

of these programs, the opportunities they provide for

the development of young people, and the conditions

for participation in them” (tab. 6.6).

State Youth Award “Daryn”

The Daryn State Youth Prize established by Decree

of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan

dated August 11, 1992 No. 666 in order to provide state

support to talented young people for fruitful scientific,

creative, social activities, as well as for high sporting

achievements.

Currently, the issues of awarding the prize regulated

by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan

dated on July 28, 2015 No.597.

On the initiative of the Ministry of Religious Affairs

and Civil Society of the Republic of Kazakhstan since

2017, the Prize is awarded annually (Government

Decree of July 13, 2017 No. 427).

The prize is awarded in the following nominations:

literature, science, design and visual arts, journalism,

classical music, social activities, sports, theater and

cinema, pop, folk art.

Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the

age of 29 years old can be nominated for awards.

They are laureates of international and Republican

contests, festivals and exhibitions, prize winners and

winners of national and international competitions,

and their activities are innovative and contribute to the

development of the industry and society.

The nomination of candidates for the award is

made by central, local and other state bodies, public

associations and other legal entities.

On March 30, 2018, the Ministry of Social

Development of Kazakhstan announced a competition

for the State Youth Award “Daryn” in 2018.

The commission considered applications from 271

candidates, 41 of them in the nomination “Theater and

Cinema”, 15 in the nomination “Journalism”, 18 in the

nomination “Literature”, 37 in the nomination “Sport”,

21 in the nomination “Estrada” 17 − in the nomination

“Classical Music”, 20 − in the nomination “Folk Art”, 17

− in the nomination “Design and Fine Arts”, 48 − in the

nomination “Science”, 37 − in the nomination “Social

Activity”.

The project “Tulekter taktasy”

The goal of the project is to give professional

guidance to graduates of educational institutions

Source: According to the data SRC “Youth”

36,0
51,9
48,6
47,4

30,8

46,1
53,7
36,7
30,3
32,4
17,7
17,9

12,3
19,5
18,2
15,9

9,7

17,0
18,7
11,4

9,1

10,7

7,3
7,5

3,3
1,5
4,6
1,8

0,9

1,4
0,8
0,8
0,4
1,5
0,6
1,1

48,4
27,1
28,6
34,9

58,7

35,6
26,8
51,1
60,2
55,4
74,4
73,5

Heard

something

I know well,

but did not

participate

I know,

I participated

I do not know,

I have not

heard

State programs, youth projects

“Youth Practice”
“With a diploma - to the village”
“Zhasyl Yel”
Unified program of support and development of business
“Business Road Map 2020”
The program for the development of productive employment
and mass entrepreneurship for 2017-2021
Housing program “Nurly Zher”
International scholarship “Bolashak”
State Youth Award “Daryn”

Serpіn-2050

Free technical and vocational education for all
Youth Corps Development Project
Youth personnel reserve

Table 6.6

DISTRIBUTION OF ANSWERS TO THE QUESTION: “WHAT GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS
FOR SUPPORTING YOUNG PEOPLE DID YOU HEAR, KNOW OR WERE YOU A MEMBER OF?”

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UTH

AND

TICAL

PRO

SSE

369

APTE

R 6

of the country to choose the right profession by

informing. The project “Tulekter taktasy” is designed

to promptly inform young people about the needs

of the labor market, the possibilities of entering

universities and colleges.

The current socio-economic and political

processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan related

to its intellectual potential. However, the scale of

educational migration from Kazakhstan is growing.

This is evidenced by the statistics and the results of

individual studies. In addition, the results of focus

group discussions with students from Kazakhstan

who are currently studying in Russia and China have

shown that one of the reasons for their departure is

poor awareness of youth state educational programs.

In this regard, the effective implementation of the

program «Serpin-2050» would reduce the departure

of Kazakhstani youth to foreign countries.

It should be noted that today the forms of political

and civic participation have acquired new qualitative

outlines. Separate studies record a declining level

of youth political participation. Experts note that a

request has begun to take shape, connected more

with personal self-realization, and the initiatives on

the part of young Kazakhstanis are becoming more

concrete and pragmatic

These results show that sports organizations are the

most attractive for the youth of Kazakhstan. The level

of participation of youth in the political life of society

cannot be judged only by participating in the public

organization. The youth of the new generation is not

sufficiently involved in new forms of civic engagement,

implemented through volunteering. Thus, according to

the sociological research of the SRC “Youth”, 82.6 % of

the young people surveyed answered that they were not

engaged in volunteer activities.

In this regard, it is interesting to study the motivation

that encourages young people to participate in public

life (fig. 6.4)

Source: MCD RK

275
628
159
606

183

425
293
120
372
323
911

203

4 538

-
-

3
3
7
2
4

4
3
2
4
2

-
-

Schools

20
38
20
83

21
31
15
34
23
94

492

Colleges

Higher education institutions

Region

Akmola region
Aktobe region
Almaty region
Atyrau region
East Kazakhstan region
Zhambyl Region
West Kazakhstan region
Karagandy region
Kostanay region
Kyzylorda Region
Mangystau region
Pavlodar region
North Kazakhstan region
South Kazakhstan region
Astana city
Almaty city

TOTAL

Table 6.7

THE PROJECT “TULEKTER TAKTASY” (1 August, 2018)

Number of educational institutions implementing the project “Tulektertaktasy”

Table 6.8

DISTRIBUTION OF ANSWERS TO THE QUESTION:
“ARE YOU A MEMBER OF ANY
ORGANIZATION?”

Source: According to the data SRC “Youth”

9,7
5,9
3,7
3,1
3,1
1,3
1,1

45,2

28,9

Answer Options

Sports Organization
Youth organization
Cultural and national association
Political association, party
Club of interests (car enthusiasts, animal welfare, etc)
Scientific, creative associations
Religious associations
No, I am not because I do not have time to participate
in social activities
No, I'm not, because I'm not interested

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UTH

AND

TICAL

PRO

SSE

370

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

APTE

R 6

The survey results show that the participation of

young people in the activities of youth organizations

is determined by a complex of motives: the desire

to be useful to society, to gain experience in life, the

desire to obtain high social status, to move up the

career ladder. “Civil participation: these are processes

by which citizens directly or indirectly influence the

adoption of socially significant decisions affecting

public interests. Influence can be exercised both

through inclusion in the processes of developing,

adopting, implementing and evaluating social and

political decisions at different levels of government,

as well as through manifestation of citizenship or

initiatives aimed at upholding rights, changing the

situation, directly or indirectly requiring decision-

making by state authorities . In a meaningful sense,

the concept of “civic participation” is the most

important basic characteristic of a modern civil

society, allowing citizens to exercise their rights and

defend their interests (and / or the interests of their

target groups) when solving actual problems” [24,

P.33]. In other words, youth activity related to their

ability to effectively influence decision-making by the

authorities.

Thus, we see that the boundaries between youth

participation in political and civic life are blurred. At

the same time, the level of participation of young

people depends on the possibility of realizing their

interests, and on the effectiveness of government

institutions and civil society.

6.2. LEVEL OF PROTEST ACTIVITY OF YOUTH

The study of the main theoretical and methodological

approaches to the study of the political activity of young

people suggests the importance of determining, first of

all, the causes, factors and forms of its manifestation.

Protest activity reflects the needs of young people, their

unresolved problems, demonstrates the rejection or

disapproval of young citizens of certain decisions or

actions of the authorities.

Mass protest actions do not appear suddenly, there are

always preliminary indicators. These are dissatisfaction

with the level of development of the settlement, low level

of trust in the authorities, pessimistic assessments of

the future, social uncertainty, all sorts of rumors in the

society, migration of young people to other countries, etc.

According to the results of a study conducted in 2018

by the SRC “Youth”, 84.1 % of young people are to some

extent satisfied with the development of their place

of permanent residence (in the sum of answers “Fully

satisfied” and “Rather satisfied”). Accordingly, 14.3 % of

young people are to some extent dissatisfied with the

development of the region of residence (fig. 6.5).

Kostanay (28.6 %), Kyzylorda (28.6 %), Almatinskaya

(25.4 %), West Kazakhstan (22.9 %) lead among the

regions of the country whose young people are most

dissatisfied with the development of their settlement

(total response rate is “completely unsatisfied” and

“rather dissatisfied”).

Figure 6.4

DISTRIBUTION OF ANSWERS TO THE QUESTION:
“WHAT IS THE MOTIVATION FOR YOU TO
PARTICIPATE IN YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS?”

Source: According to the data SRC “Youth”

Difficult answer

The desire to move up the career ladder

Desire to take a leadership position

The desire to get a higher social status

Get work experience

The desire to be useful to society, people

23,8

11,6

13,5

31,8

37,2

Figure 6.5

DISTRIBUTION OF ANSWERS TO THE QUESTION:
“HOW SATISFIED ARE YOU WITH HOW YOUR
TOWN IS DEVELOPING IN GENERAL?”

Source: According to the data SRC “Youth”

Difficult to answer

Not completely satisfied

Rather not satisfied

Rather satisfied

Completely satisfied

1,6

1,9

12,4

49,2

34,9

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Национальный доклад «Молодежь Казахстана – 2018» - часть 23