Национальный доклад «Молодежь Казахстана

GRAPH

ARA

RISTIC

E Y

UTH

E RE

PUBLIC

F KAZ

AKH

291

APTE

R 1

areas, a tendency towards a constant increase in the birth

rate has been observed. (Fig. 1.9).

According to the Statistics Committee of the MNE RK,

in 2017, the death rate in Kazakhstan reached 130,033

people, which is 2,340 people less than in 2016 (2016

year – 132,373 people).

Among young people, this figure in 2017 is 3,403

people, of which 578 people aged 14–18 years old, 1,090

people aged 19-23 years old and 1,735 people aged 24-28

years old. In 2017, compared with 2016, mortality among

young people decreased by 15.7 %.

Analysis of mortality rates for 2014-2017 revealed a

Figure 1.7

FERTILITY AMONG YOUTH

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

2014

2015

2016

2017 January -

June, 2018

251 825 242 900 235 965

221 706

107 437

Figure 1.8

FERTILITY RATE BY THE YOUTH AGE GROUPS
AND URBAN-RURAL SPLIT

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

14-19 y.o.

20-24 y.o.

25-28 y.o.

the number of births per 1.000 women

169,35

163,39

169,34

163,26

2014 y.

2015 y.

2016 y.

2017 y.

34,46

30,98

28,13

24,93

161,54

161,18

162,32

159,04

Table 1.9

FERTILITY RATE BY THE YOUTH AGE GROUPS AND URBAN-RURAL SPLIT

the number of births per 1.000 women

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

2014 year

2015 year

2016 year

2017 year

31,95

140,46
162,38

36,87

193,58
180,01

27,60

143,97
149,11

34,39

186,06
189,84

25,21

148,87
148,79

31,15

180,75
198,02

22,40

149,06
147,18

27,58

172,42
195,52

15-19 y.o.
20-24 y.o.
25-28 y.o.

Urban Rural

Figure 1.9

FERTILITY RATE BY THE YOUTH AGE
GROUPS AND URBAN-RURAL SPLIT

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

the number of births per 1.000 women

2014

2015

2016

2017

36,87

31,95

34,39

27,6

31,15

25,21

27,58

22,4

193,58

140,46

186,06

143,97

180,75

148,87

172,42

149,06

15-19 y.o.

20-24 y.o.

25-28 y.o.

180,01

162,38

189,84

149,11

198,02

148,79

195,52

147,18

Rural

Urban

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

GRAPH

ARA

RISTIC

E Y

UTH

E RE

PUBLIC

F KAZ

AKH

292

APTE

R 1

downward trend. In 2017, compared with 2014, mortality

among young people in all age groups declined by 1,047

people (fig.1.10).

In 2014-2015, the mortality rate of urban youth was

higher than that of rural youth. However, in 2016 - 2017,

the opposite trend began to be observed: the mortality

rate among rural youth began to prevail.

It should be noted that the mortality rate among

young men in 2017 was 2.5 times higher than among

young women. According to psychologists, this may be

because men are more risky behavior.

Every year, the

number of deaths among young people (62,3 %). Other

causes of death are neoplasms (6.6 %), diseases of the

circulatory system (6.7 %), diseases of the digestive

system (3.1 %), diseases of the respiratory system

(3.4 %), infectious and parasitic diseases (2,6 %).

To determine mortality among people 14-28 aged, the

age-specific mortality rate was used, which is the ratio

of the total number of deaths per year to the population,

expressed in ppm (fig. 1.11). With the exception of 2014,

the highest mortality rate among men and women was

in the age group of 24-28 years (2014 – 19-23 years), the

14-18 y.o.

19-23 y.o.

24-28 y.o.

Figure 1.10

MORTALITY RATES BY AGE GROUP

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

2014 year

2015 year

2016 year

2017 year

Total:

4 450

4 114

3 598

3 403

2015

645

1 3

2014

714

592

1 1

2016

578

1 0

2017

Figure 1.11

MORTALITY RATES 2014-2017 YEARS

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

14-18 y.o.

19-23 y.o.

24-28 y.o.

2014

2015

2016

2017

0,46

0,67

0,62

0,51

0,96

1,02

0,89

0,87

0,35

1,39

1,28

1,11

Table 1.10

MORTALITY RATES AMONG YOUTH BY REGION AND AGE GROUP, 2017

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

14-18 y.o.

19-23 y.o.

24-28 y.o.

2015

2014

2016 2017

0,8

0,66
0,56
0,69
0,74
0,44
0,65
0,64
0,93
0,58
0,51
0,48
0,74
0,52
0,45
0,23

0,59
0,37
0,43
0,51
0,48
0,38
0,43
0,51
0,66
0,46
0,36
0,44
0,69
0,43
0,32

0,4

0,55
0,54
0,55
0,45
0,72

0,6

0,61
0,59
0,58
0,59
0,44
0,57
0,58
0,53
0,44
0,21

0,77
0,58

0,6

0,47
0,39
0,56
0,85
0,44

0,5

0,72
0,39
0,59
0,49
0,48
0,37

0,3

1,22

0,9

1,16
1,01
1,34
0,82
1,13
1,08
1,25

1,1

0,88
0,88
1,37
0,99
0,71
0,33

1,18
0,91
1,09
0,84
1,07

1,1

1,13

1,1

1,28
0,87
1,05
1,01

1,3

0,58
0,41

1,02
0,69
1,01
0,97
0,95
0,86
1,16
0,93
1,03
0,89
0,81
0,76
1,16
0,96

0,4

0,28

1,22
1,01
1,38
0,49
1,05
0,74
0,95
0,82
0,96
0,79
0,97
0,71
1,08
0,84
0,55
0,46

1,78
1,08
1,38
1,03
1,65
1,49
1,59
1,79

1,6

1,22

1,1

1,56
2,82
1,08
0,86
0,57

0,43
1,28
1,52
1,14
1,79
1,35
1,86
1,83
1,58
1,23
1,12
1,85
2,42
1,16
0,69
0,67

2,03
1,05

1,4

1,12
1,57
1,15
1,39
1,38
1,47
1,23
0,89
1,49
1,88
1,05
0,71
0,53

1,71
0,85
1,22
1,26
1,46
0,98
1,39
1,47
1,31

1,1

1,14

1,3

2,09
1,09

0,6

0,48

2015

2014

2016

2017

Akmola region
Aktobe region
Almaty region
Atyrau region
East Kazakhstan region
Zhambyl region
West Kazakhstan region
Karaganda region
Kostanay region
Kyzylorda region
Mangystau region
Pavlodar region
North Kazakhstan region
South Kazakhstan region
Astana city
Almaty city

2015

2014

2016

2017

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GRAPH

ARA

RISTIC

E Y

UTH

E RE

PUBLIC

F KAZ

AKH

293

APTE

R 1

lowest – in the age group of 14-18 years (2014 – 24-28

years).

The highest mortality rate among young people

in 2017 is observed in the age group of 24-28 years of

the North Kazakhstan region (2,09), in the average age

subgroup of 19-23 years of the Almaty region (1,38), in

the age group of 14-18 years West Kazakhstan region

(0,85). The lowest mortality rates among young people

are registered in all age cohorts of Almaty (tab. 1.10).

1.3. MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE AMONG

YOUNG PEOPLE

According to the Statistics Committee of MN in 2017,

there were 105 796 marriages among women, 88 180 among

men. The study of this indicator in dynamics since 2014

indicates a decrease in the marriage rate, both among brides

and grooms in all age groups (by 15 % and 17 %, respectively),

which is associated with a decrease in the total number of

young people. Clearly, the dynamics of changes in marriage

rates are presented in Table 1.11 and in Figure 1.12.

Table 1.11

THE NUMBER OF MARRIAGES AMONG YOUNG
PEOPLE

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

2014 year

106 224
125 051

2015 year

97 617
115 484

2016 year

91 298
108 904

2017 year

88 180
105 796

June 1, 2018

34 669
42 206

Men Women

Figure 1.12

THE NUMBER OF MARRIAGES AMONG
YOUNG PEOPLE

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

2014

2015

2016

2017 June 1, 2018

106 224 97 617

91 298 88 180

34 669

125 051

115 484 108 904 105 796

42 206

Men Women

Table 1.12

MARRIAGES BY AGE AND MARITAL STATUS OF YOUTH

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

19 649
17 689
16 130
15 253

6 848

19 441
17 475
15 958
15 113

9
8

13
56
30
31
33

132
175
133

3 227
2 771
2 293
2 040

957

3 193
2 737
2 277
2 030

2
2
0
0

8
4
6

21
24
12

2014
2015
2016
2017

June 1,2018

2014
2015
2016
2017
2014
2015
2016
2017
2014
2015
2016
2017
2014
2015
2016
2017

< 18 years, 18-19years

20-24 years

25-28 years

Total

52 701
47 820
43 868
41 972
16 287
51 888
47 103
43 216
41 341

81
59
37
29

687
628
580
568

45
30
35
34

73 667
68 491
65 192
63 028
23 590
71 965
66 836
63 529
61 274

134

94
79

102

1 477
1 516
1 510
1 585

91
45
74
65

50 296
47 026
45 137
44 168

17 139

47 048
43 973
42 188
41 244

114

93
75
69

3 104
2 931
2 848
2 819

30
29
26
36

31 735
29 304
27 582
27 515
10 950
28 063
25 757
24 069
23 816

187
142
134
116

3 461
3 383
3 358
3 560

24
22
21
23

106 224

97 617
91 298
88 180
34 669

102 129

93 813
87 681
84 615

197
154
112

3 802
3 567
3 432
3 393

96
83
73
74

125 051
115 484
108 904
105 796

42 206

119 469
110 068
103 556
100 205

341
245
221
218

4 994
4 929
4 899
5 178

247
242
228
182

Married

not married

Marital status,
by year

Widow

Divorced

indicated the marriage

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

GRAPH

ARA

RISTIC

E Y

UTH

E RE

PUBLIC

F KAZ

AKH

294

APTE

R 1

The largest percentage of youth married was found in

the age group 19-23 years (tab. 1.12). Among youth, the

proportion of divorced is growing: from 3.6 % in 2014 to

3.8 % in 2017 among young men and from 4 % to 4.9 %,

respectively, among young women.

The age of marriage is an indicator of marital behavior.

The average age of marriage for men and women is

gradually increasing (fig. 1.13).

In Kazakhstan, the average age of married men

is from 27,1 years in 2014 to 27,3 years in 2016. The

postponement of marriages at a later age, an increase in

the average age at marriage indicates important changes

in marriage behavior. The increase in the average age

of marriage is affected by the desire of young people

to be self-sufficient economically, to get an education, a

specialty, a job, and a career.

Divorce rates are gradually decreasing in the period

2014-2017 (fig. 1.14).

The largest number of divorces is among young

people in the 25-28 age group. This trend is typical for

both young men and women.

The attitude of Kazakhstan youth to divorces is as

follows: 76,6 % relate to divorces negatively, 44,9 % of

them are “very negative, especially if there are children”

and a third of respondents (31,7 %) are rather negative.

17,2 % expressed the opinion that “if young spouses are

not happy in marriage, then divorce is inevitable”.

The main reasons for divorce, according to the

results of a sociological study, are financial and housing

problems, adultery, the absence of children, bad habits

(alcoholism, smoking, gambling), parental interference

in the relationship of young spouses (tab.1.14).

1.4. EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL YOUTH

MIGRATION

In the migration processes with the participation

of youth over the past five years, significant changes

can be traced. From 2014 to 2017, there is a negative

balance of migration of young people.

Migration mobility is a group of 24-28 years (tab.

1.15). This is explained by the fact that at this age, the

youth are at a stage where they have completed their

studies and are searching for the most suitable job.

Due to the increase in the average age of marriage for

men and women, the majority of young people at this

age not burdened with family and worries.

During the period from 2014 to 2017, the number of

young people – emigrants from Kazakhstan is growing

(fig. 1.16).

Youth migrate from the country mainly to the CIS

countries (90,1 %). In the migration exchange of

Kazakhstan and the CIS countries in 2017, the largest

number of young people retired from our country are

in East Kazakhstan (1,169 people), Karaganda (1,099

people) Kostanay (996 people), Pavlodar (787 people)

and North Kazakhstan (774 people) regions, which is

associated with the migration of the population from

the border areas of Kazakhstan to Russia.

Men

Women

Figure 1.13

AVERAGE AGE OF MARRIAGE

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

2014

2015

2016

24,6

27,7

24,8

27,1

27,2

27,3

23 23,5 24 24,5 25 25,5 26 26,5 27 27,5 28

year

Table 1.13

DATA ON DIVORCE AMONG YOUTH

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

2014

12 633
19 309
31 942

Total

2015

12 282
18 805
31 087

2016

11 466
17 869
29 335

2017

11 203
17 716
28 919

as of June 1, 2018

5 335
8 594

13 929

Men Women

Figure 1.14

NUMBER OF YOUTH ENTERING
AND DIVORCING

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

2014 year

2015 year

2016 year

2017 year

Marriages (men)

Marriages (women)

Divorces (men)

Divorces (women)

224

125

051

115 4

108 9

105 7

617

12 633

19 309

18 805

17 869

17 716

12 282

11 466

11 203

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GRAPH

ARA

RISTIC

E Y

UTH

E RE

PUBLIC

F KAZ

AKH

295

APTE

R 1

In regards to other countries, Kazakhstan has a

weak migration activity. Most of all, young people

of Karaganda (167 people), Pavlodar (107 people),

Kostanay (107 people) regions and the city of Almaty

(97 people) leave the country in other countries.

In general, the highest level of mobility falls on the

group of youth aged 24-28 years old, mostly women.

The largest internal migration flow is in cities of

republican significance, Astana (43,021 people arrived,

the balance was 15,853 people) and Almaty (35,763

people arrived, the balance was 14,765 people).

The decrease in the number of rural youth is

explained by the outflow of young people from the

village to the city in order to continue education and

employment. The exodus of young people of rural youth

to the cities is increasing. The largest number of youth

left South Kazakhstan (49,243 people) and Almaty

(35,704 people) regions.

Thus, the analysis of the social demographic

characteristics of youth leads to the following

conclusions:

In the structure of the general population of the

country, the number of young people in the last five

years has tended to decline. (2013 – 27,5 %, 2017 –

22,3 %). Reducing the number of young people may

have implications for various spheres of society and

should be taken into account when planning.

Men Women

Figure 1.15

DIVORCES AMONG YOUTH BY GENDER AND
AGE GROUPS

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

18-19

20-24

25-28

years

6 754

10 595

2 778

8 375

358

Table 1.15

EXTERNAL MIGRATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE BY AGE
GROUPS AND SEX

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

2014 year

Immigrants

Emigrants

14-18 y.o.
19-23 y.o.
24-28 y.o.

470

1 068
1 293

781

1 148
1 449

480

1 358
1 420

692

1 328
1 853

2015 year

428

1 016
1 269

709

1 091
1 409

412

1 276
1 418

774

1 365
1 908

2016 year

336
838

1 090

874

1 317
1 578

353

1 150
1 204

882

1 549
2 049

2017 year

493
974

1 136

969

1211

1 528

435

1142

1 247

866

1437

1 977

Table1.14

MAIN REASONS FOR DIVORCE

Source: According to the data of SRC “Youth”

Financial problems (loans, mortgages, debts, etc.)

Lack of housing

Marital infidelity

Absence of children

Bad habits (alcoholism, smoking, gambling)

The intervention of parents in the relationship of young spouses

Spouse violence

Employment problems

Relationship problems with the parents of the spouse

Lack of common interests, difference in education

Rude spousal abuse

Problems with the birth, raising children

Lack of common views, beliefs (political, religious)

Lack of time for joint leisure

Problems with the placement of children in (pre-)
school institutions

Difficult to answer

48,6

32,6

22,9

19,7

19,4

18,6

13,4

9,6

6,4

8,8

7,8

4,7

2,1

6,2

4,3

3,8

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

GRAPH

ARA

RISTIC

E Y

UTH

E RE

PUBLIC

F KAZ

AKH

296

APTE

R 1

Young people at the age of 24-28 make up about

40 %, which are growing rates during the study period.

One-third of youth is the average age cohort, in terms of

the number of which the decline in growth rates.

The gender portrait of youth has a steady tendency,

is represented evenly, by almost equal shares of men

and women.

The average age of marriage for men and women

is gradually increasing. Delaying marriage at a later

age, an increase of the average age for marriage are

indicators to important changes in marriage behavior.

Divorce rates are gradually decreasing in the period

2014-2016, the overall decline was 8.2 %. The largest

number of divorces is accounted for by young people in

the age group 25-28 years old, which is 64.7 %.

In 2015-2016, the birth rate among young

people is declining, since 2015 the generation of the

“demographic hole” (1996-1998) has entered the child-

bearing age.

Trends in terms of youth migration over the past five

years show significant changes. From 2014 to 2017,

there is a negative migration balance. The number

of young people – emigrants from Kazakhstan is

growing. The largest number of leaving youth falls to CIS

countries, while in others migration activity is weak. The

most activity falls on the age group of young people 24-

28 years old, mostly female. There is a growing outflow

of youth from the countryside to the cities.

Figure 1.16

NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO LEFT THE COUNTRYAT
THE AGE 14-28

Source: Statistic of Committee of the MNE RK

2014

2015

2016

2017

June 1,

2018

6 487

6 532

7 485

7 195

2 735

7 251

7 256

8 249

7 988

3 004

764

724

764

793

269

Total

To the

CIS countries

To other

countries

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ATIO

XPE

RIE

NCE

PLE

TIO

F Y

UTH

LICIE

298

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

APTE

R 2

2.1. OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES AND BEST

PRACTICES FOR IMPLEMENTING YOUTH POLICY

IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

The state youth policy in foreign countries has been

developing since the 50s – 60s of the 20th century. The

impetus for the development of youth policy was the

intensification of the protest potential of the youth itself.

In the conditions of ongoing modernization processes

in various spheres of society, foreign experience in

implementing youth policy is interesting.

Federal Republic of Germany

The Federal Ministry for Family, Senior Citizens,

Women and Youth have developed a National Youth

Strategy called “Handeln für eine jugendgerechte

Gesellschaft”. The strategy aimed at young people from

15 to 29 years.

National initiatives and programs

1. “JOBSTARTER plus”

This program is focused on the following tasks:

• strengthening the professional competencies of

young individuals;

• disclosure of new qualified labor potential of young

people.

The program sponsors innovative learning

strategies and services that help small and medium-

sized enterprises to attract skilled labor and use new

target groups.

In addition, this program is developing strategies to

increase entrepreneurial activity among young people,

to facilitate the transition from school to professional

specialization and work. The Program Office is located

at the Federal Institute of Vocational Education and

Training, which allows you to use the scientific potential

of an educational institution: launch and coordinate

national specialized networks, share results with the

scientific community, as well as interested members

of the public through official publications.

Project “To Strengthen Youth. 1000 Chances”

The main object of “To Strengthen Youth. 1000

Chances” – increase the motivation of underprivileged

young people. Youth Chambers of Commerce work

closely with initiative experts “To Strengthen Youth.

1000 Chances”. The relevant draft being developed for

target groups and mechanisms for their implementation

are launched. This interaction solves the issue of a

shortage of skilled workers. This cooperation is based

on the principles of social responsibility, allows you

to create a positive image of entrepreneurs and level

existing stereotypes in the labor market.

The main target group is young people between the

Country sheet on youth policy in Germany https://pjp-eu.coe.int/documents/1017981/8534762/Country+Sheet_Germany_2015.

pdf/583a99a4-229f-4c49-91b8-b4fba19d8f34

ages of 12 and 26, who need support in the transition

from school to work and young migrants.

Federal program “Welcome among friends” (from

2015 year)

Federal program “Welcome among friends” helps

migrants and local people build alliances in cities and

rural communities. Each of these alliances consists

of at least three local members. Participants can

be, for example, youth workers, city hall employees,

social affairs officers, teachers, and the refugees

themselves. Together they are working to improve

the situation of refugee children and adolescents,

including resolving issues of housing, child

protection, and vocational guidance. This federal

program gives to young migrants the opportunity to

realize the rights of education and participation, to

get support and to have the opportunity to participate

in the life of the community.

“Jugendmigrationsdienste” (JMD) – (Youth

Migration Service)

The program for young immigrants, through

consultations - assistance - education. Employees help

young migrants in finding ways and prospects for a new

place.

This program is focused on:

- Young people who have recently arrived in Germany,

with completed secondary education;

- For children, adolescents and young people aged

from 12 to 27 years;

Main goals:

Improving opportunities for social integration;

Enhancing equality of chance;

Promoting the participation of young settlers in the

social, cultural and social life of the community.

Tasks:

• Comprehensive integration assistance;

•Consultations, individual assistance on all

integration issues, development of individual integration

plans;

• Support for intercultural communication;

• Referral to other services and organizations;

• Integration courses, help for children and

adolescents, etc.;

• Refresher courses, group projects;

• Orientation in the system of German higher

education;

• Introduction to new information technologies;

• Additional seminars (preparation for the interview,

seminars on the development of personal qualities);

• Assistance in the development of specialized

knowledge in German;

• Work with parents, etc.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ATIO

XPE

RIE

NCE

PLE

TIO

F Y

UTH

LICIE

299

APTE

R 2

“Girls’ day – Girls’ future day”

Girls’Day attracts the environment, that is, young

girls, the media and employers - to participate in the

campaign and change their overall attitude towards

vocational guidance. Information material, an

interactive website, and an individual advisory service

provide support for all target groups.

Because of the nationwide focus and a single date,

Girls’Day concentrates on regional limited individual

initiatives and achieves a unique broad effect. It is

considered the largest career-counseling project

for female students. Girls’Day in April 2017 was

remembered for great success: more than 10,000

institutions offered about 100,000 places for female

students.

“New ways for boys”

“New ways for boys” – it is a nationwide network

and information platform. The program has been

successfully implemented since 2005, providing young

people with up to date expert information, educational

printed and online materials on vocational guidance and

career opportunities. In addition, within the framework

of the Program, national conferences and meetings

are held to exchange experience between experts and

researchers.

Republic of Lithuania

The chapter on youth policy was first included as

a separate part in the Program of the Government of

the Republic of Lithuania in 2004-2008. The provisions

of this Program are aimed at promoting the cohesion

of youth organizations, the participation of youth in

the development of civil society, and the improvement

of policies in the field of education, employment,

housing, leisure, culture and safety of young people.

The chapter of youth policy was first included as a

separate part in the Program of the Government of the

Republic of Lithuania in 2004-2008. The provisions of

this Program are aimed to promote the cohesion of

youth organizations, the participation of youth in the

development of civil society, and the improvement of

policies in the field of education, employment, housing,

leisure, culture, and safety of young people.

In the National Strategy for the Development of

Youth Policy for 2011-2019, priority attention is given

to improving the social integration of young people (with

a focus on young people not related to employment,

education and training (NEET)), promoting intersectoral

collaboration the fundamental principle of youth policy,

promoting cooperation between young people from the

European Union and countries of Eastern Europe and

the Caucasus.

The main objectives of the National Youth Policy

National polity for the Development of Youth Policy 2011-2019 https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/TAIS.387971)

Strategy Development for 2011-2019 are to provide

greater employment opportunities for young people,

create favorable conditions for young people to

participate in the labor market, promote economic and

social entrepreneurship, develop non-formal education,

create conditions for cultural education and support

youth creativity.

The Youth Employment Initiative is included

in the operational program of investment funds

of the European Union in 2014–2020, where its

implementation was assigned to the specific goal “To

reduce the number of young people aged 15 to 29 who

are not related to employment, education or training.”

National initiatives and programs

The project entitled «Atrask» carried out by the

Lithuanian State Employment Service (Lithuanian

Labor Exchange), acting as a leading partner, and

the Department of Youth Affairs. Each institution

coordinates a separate chain of project implementation

focused on different NEET groups. The work of the

Lithuanian Labour Exchange is intended for active

representatives of the category NEET, who officially

registered as unemployed. Participants in this project

receive vocational training, subsidized jobs, or a

package of several services, depending on their needs.

The work of the Department of Youth Affairs aimed

at the inactive of NEET youth. The work is carried out

through the provision of early intervention services

that focus on the development of professional skills

and motivation to work, through volunteer activities,

participation in various training, internships, as well as

providing psychological counseling to young people.

During the project, participants who are not related

to employment, education or training, constantly

communicate with a personally-appointed specialist,

a youth worker who provides all the necessary

information about opportunities to enter the labor

market or return to the education system. A diverse and

flexible application of measures, methods and services

increases the opportunities for young people in the

NEET category to find a job or get a quality education.

Given the individual needs and capabilities of each

young person, participation can take from two weeks

to three months.

Norway

National initiatives and programs

The NORDBUK program supports projects of

children and young people and aims to strengthen

their organizational skills. The target group of the

program is children and young people under the age

of 30 years.

The program is aimed at encouraging the

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ATIO

XPE

RIE

NCE

PLE

TIO

F Y

UTH

LICIE

300

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

APTE

R 2

participation of children and young people in

democratic processes, as well as at strengthening

northern identity in various countries (Norway,

Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands,

Greenland, Aland Islands).

“BYCO” (“Barents Youth Cooperation Office”).

The Barents Youth Cooperation Office provides

counseling, information, education in project

management, guidance and all kinds of support for

youth groups, organizations, and networks working

with international youth projects in the Barents region.

Participating countries: Russia, Finland, Sweden and

Norway.

“Service further assistance”

– It is a program focused on supporting and

providing various services for young people in the NEET

category between the ages of 15 and 21. The program

collaborates with municipalities and government

agencies. The main activity is the organization of

the learning process, employment or other forms of

employment. Education or training should lead to

university certification or professional competence as

far as possible.

Kingdom of Denmark

The Danish National Youth Council is an umbrella

organization that includes 70 different organizations

that work with more than 600,000 children and young

people. The National Council implements a number of

youth programs amounting to over DKK 100 million (the

US $ 18.2 million).

National initiatives and programs

Under the programme “ART Excel”, young people

learn a variety of skills that promote more relaxed

behavior and concentration, physical relaxation, and

emotional stability. This course is served through games

and activities on which youth learn to communicate with

each other. As a result, young people become more

open towards different groups of people. Activities

such as a “new friend every day” and a “random show of

kindness” help students understand the needs of other

people and encourage the integration of human values

into everyday life.

Workshops to empower youth (from 14 to 17 years

old) are focused on educating young people about the

value of health and healthy lifestyle. The workshops,

young people are taught the culturally valued skills and

practices of managing stress and emotions.

Young people contact with situations such as low

self-esteem, depression, and anxiety, which are a source

of great stress and hinder learning. Without a healthy

alternative, students often turn to unhealthy strategies

to cope with these problems, including smoking,

https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/en/content/youthwiki/overview-United-Kingdom-England

alcohol, drugs, aggression and violence and avoiding

social interaction.

Dansk ICYE (Danish International Cultural Youth)

– international cultural youth, managing exchange

programs for Danish and foreign volunteers in

collaboration with other relevant cultural organizations.

Dansk ICYE is an independent member of the

international umbrella of the International Cultural Youth

Exchange and a partner of the European Voluntary

Service.

The objectives are to ensure coverage youth

mobility, cross-cultural education and opportunity to

participate in international voluntary participation, to

help overcome prejudices and develop intercultural

understanding. Within the framework of the program, a

short – or long-term stay of volunteers in more than 40

countries of the world is possible.

Kingdom of Great Britain

In recent years, the UK government has pursued

a policy of decentralization, which leads to increased

authority at the local level. As a result, decisions about

the provision of services and activities for young people

are determined at the locally than federally.

National initiatives and programs

“Troubled Families” – focused action intervention

program for work with troubled families. Local

authorities identify “problem families” in their area and

secure a key employee who provides points of contact.

£ 448 million was earmarked to the first phase of

this programme, which ran from 2012 to 2015. Local

government helped 120,000 to families.

The second phase of the “Troubled Families”

program was launched in 2015, £ 920 million allocated

to help 400,000 families. The second stage anticipated

until 2020, with reporting in respect of results. The

program is guide by the Department of Communities

and Local Government.

“Life Chances Fund” – is a £ 80 million foundation

provided by the UK Government to help people who

face obstacles to leading a happy and productive life.

The fund provides contributions to contracts (social

investment). These contracts designed to solve

complex social problems in six areas:

- addiction to drugs and alcohol;

- work with young children (from 1-5 years);

- work with children of school age;

- work with young people;

- services for the elderly;

- the popularization of a healthy lifestyle.

Activities of the fond planned until 2025.

Along with this, a number of charitable organizations

implement programs such as

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ATIO

XPE

RIE

NCE

PLE

TIO

F Y

UTH

LICIE

301

APTE

R 2

“Action for Children” – practical and emotional

support for young people (development of skills

necessary for a successful transition to adulthood).

“Transitions UK” – support for disadvantaged young

people aged 14 to 25 years.

“Fairbridge” – supports young people aged 13 to 25

years (developing motivation, self-confidence and skills

necessary to change their lives).

Austrian Republic

The Jugendstrategie National Youth Strategy of

the Republic of Austria is a framework law in force

since 2013. The strategy covers the period 2013-2020.

Until 2012 national action plans for youth existed but

were not called a youth strategy. In 2018, the main

objectives have renamed the field of activity and were

supplemented by field tools and information.

The Jugendstrategie national youth strategy is

based on 4 principles:

1. Employment and training: youth employment,

educational achievements, entrepreneurship;

2. Participation and initiative: voter participation,

youth participation, volunteer activities;

3. Quality of life and cooperative spirit: future

prospects, health, sustainability;

4. Mass media and information: media competence,

information competence, information society.

National initiatives and programs

The Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs and Consumer

Protection and the Ministry of Education, Arts and

Culture coordinate the program. The program offers

free personalized support for young people at critical

moments in their lives. Youth coaches offer support and

advice on educational and occupational issues. To date,

a total 27,500 young people have participated in the

programme.

Volunteer activities

Volunteering is an addition to paid employment

work in Austria. 46 % of the population over 15 years

old perform some form of voluntary activity. There are

twelve volunteer centers in the country, counseling and

support services for those interested in volunteering.

Volunteer centers offer basic and advanced training for

volunteers and volunteer coordinators and support the

transfer of experience and information.

Japan

In the structure of the Government of Japan, the

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and

Technology is responsible for the implementation of

youth policy. In 2001, the Cabinet of Ministers of Japan

created the Youth Development Assistance Committee,

and in the same year, the White Paper on Youth was

https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/en/content/youthwiki/overview-Austria

adopted, which is published annually and highlights the

main results of the development of youth policy in the

country. In 2003, the Government of the country approved

the National Youth Development Strategy, the main

provisions of which are the education, health, labor and

well-being of Japanese youth.

Major non-state institutions

The National Council of Youth Organizations units

Japan’s national youth organizations. The Council was

established in 1951 to improve developing an organized

youth movement and cooperation of youth organizations.

Today, the Council consists of 24 organizations and

makes a huge contribution to the formation and

implementation of youth policy.

National Assembly for Youth Development

National Assembly for Youth Development was

established in 1966 through the Ministry of Public

Administration, Interior, Post, and Telecommunications

with the aim of conducting special campaigns for young

people at the national level. The Assembly consists of

nationwide youth organizations, charities, and experts.

The Youth Development Assemblies at the regional and

municipal levels. The main tasks of the Assembly are

to promote youth development campaigns, support

regional campaigns and support the development of

youth organizations in the country.

The Japanese government implements 4 programs

aimed at youth development:

Program 1: National Movement for Youth

Development

The program aims to support the activities of the

National Assembly for the Development of Youth, as well

as the Assemblies at the regional and municipal levels.

Program 2. Career choice

This program approved in 2007. The goal of the

program is to help young people in choosing a profession,

to promote the ability of young people to understand their

character and choose the appropriate and successful

life path. The program is coordinated by the Career

Assistance Council, which includes the Minister of

Education, Culture and Science, the Minister of Health

and Social Welfare, the Minister of Economy and Industry.

Program 3. Preventive measures for offences

among teenage

A special cross-sectoral consisting of law

enforcement representatives coordinates the

program. The purpose of the program: to coordinate

the efforts of the state in preventive measures on

teenage.

Program 4. Combating HIV / AIDS

Under this program, activities are carried out to

educate young people in the field of sex education.

The activities of youth organizations in Japan

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ATIO

XPE

RIE

NCE

PLE

TIO

F Y

UTH

LICIE

302

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

APTE

R 2

are strictly regulated. Of particular interest is the

Japanese Youth Chamber - a non-profit organization

that brings together people aged 20 to 40 years.

In fact, this is a global movement that is managed

and supported by the International Youth Chamber,

headquartered in Chesterfield, Missouri, USA.

The Japan Youth Chamber began its activities in

1949 as the Tokyo Youth Chamber of Commerce and

Industry with the goal of the fastest possible recovery

of the post-war Japanese economy. Currently, the

Chamber has about 150,000 permanent and honorary

members.

A key program for the Japan Youth Chamber is

to develop the spirit of social entrepreneurship. In

addition, the responsibility of the Japanese Youth

Chamber for children is declared for the “inclusion”

of children in society at the current moment and

preparation for the future.

The second activity is active cooperation with

local communities of citizens and government

bodies in order to “revitalize” or stimulate community

activities.

The third area of work is the annual submission

of proposals to regional and national levels from

the position of young professionals on regional and

national economics, education, and social welfare.

The fourth area of activity is the program of

theoretical and practical leadership training,

allowing to develop management skills and social

development, the organization of volunteer actions.

The Republic of Korea

Since 2010, the Ministry of Gender Equality and

Family has been responsible for implementing youth

policy within the Korean government. The National

Council of Youth Organizations in Korea

(NCYOK).

Slogan: “Shaping a world for youth”.

The organization began its activities in 1965, covers

the exchange of information, mutual cooperation

between youth organizations and joint research of

young people, linking the government, schools, public

organizations and international youth organizations to

promote the organizational activities of young people.

NCYOK represents Korean youth at the Asian Youth

Council and international youth events.

National youth policy institute

A specialized research institution that has been

conducting research in Korea’s youth policy since 1989.

The activity is aimed at creating new mechanisms for

the growth of the nation for the future.

http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/south-korea/

http://www.ncyok.or.kr/index_eng.php

(http://www.nypi.re.kr/modedg/contentsView.do?ucont_id=CTX001002&menu_nix=LGY64I70&srch_mu_lang=ENG)

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7

%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D

Activities:

- formation of basic statistical data for research in

the field of youth;

- conducting research aimed at promoting the

development of national youth policy;

- analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the

implementation of youth policy;

- exchange and cooperation between institutions

related to youth policy within the country and abroad.

As the analysis shows, the youth strategies of

foreign countries are aimed at promoting equality

between for all young people in education and in

the labor market, citizenship and social integration.

Objectives are achieved through specific youth-

oriented youth initiatives to encourage non-formal

learning, participation, and volunteering. Strategies

offer initiatives in seven areas of activity: education

and training; employment and entrepreneurship; health

and wellness; participation; volunteer activities; social

integration; creativity and culture.

2.2. INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF

IMPLEMENTATION OF YOUTH POLICIES

The current generation of youth is the largest

in the history. More than 60 % of the population

of many countries are young people aged 15-

24. They have unprecedented opportunities for

exchanging information, taking practical measures,

and exerting influence. But the problems facing

them were unprecedented - from climate change

to unemployment and various forms of inequality,

as well as social exclusion; This is especially true

of young people from socially vulnerable and

marginalized groups.

United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

The United Nations, in the system of which the

United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

functions, attaches great importance to solving

the problems of youth. UNDP provides gratuitous

and non-politicized development assistance to

UN member states. UNDP works in 177 countries

and territories and operates in three main areas:

(1) sustainable development, (2) democratic

governance and peacebuilding, (3) climate and

disaster resilience

The UNDP country office in Kazakhstan is

implementing the program “Strengthening the resilience

of local communities and cross-border cooperation in

order to prevent violent extremism in Central Asia”. The

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ATIO

XPE

RIE

NCE

PLE

TIO

F Y

UTH

LICIE

303

APTE

R 2

duration of the program: March 2018 – September 2020

(30 months).

The objective of the project “Strengthening Local

Community Resilience and Cross-Border Cooperation

for the Prevention of Violent Extremism (PNE) in Central

Asia” is to promote the prevention of violent extremism

and its manifestations among young people in Central

Asia. The project’s geography covers Kazakhstan, the

Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.

This multi-country project focuses on at-risk

youth (economically active, but excluded from social

and political life, socially isolated youth from ethnic

minorities, economically vulnerable youth, etc.) and their

communities through a set of measures to resolve and

mitigate adverse effects isolation.

The project’s priority is to overcome social and

economic exclusion among young people from

vulnerable groups from target areas by providing

individual groups of women and men with support

in acquiring individual «decent» employment/

entrepreneurship and development activities in-demand

skills. Employment support activities will be combined

with the provision of formal and informal social support,

cooperation and counseling services that could provide

youth organizations and individual youth with the

skills to counter the “pull factors” of extremism, create

and disseminate “positive” examples using modern

communication tools. Technology, working in direct

contact with young people. The priority of the project is a

collective, not an individual approach. This will provide an

opportunity to involve youth from risk groups in activities

at the national and regional levels, and will contribute to

the creation of long-term systems of mutual assistance

among young people.

The target groups in Kazakhstan are represented

by young women and men from the socio-economic

vulnerable groups of the population who have graduated

from secondary schools, students of vocational schools,

self-employed and unemployed. At the same time, other

target groups are young leaders who can serve as an

example for those young people who are trying to find

their own identity. In addition to young people, this project

will also involve government officials, such as district

police officers, psychologists, and teachers.

“Youth progress Index”

The Youth Progress Index is one of the first

instruments developed to give the full story of what

life is like for a young person today, independent

of economic indicators. The Youth Progress Index

scores and ranks 102 countries and 52 countries

partially. The highest scoring country overall is

Norway. Switzerland achieves the highest score in

https://www.youthforum.org/sites/default/files/page-pdfs/Youth%20Progress%20Index.pdf)

Basic Human Needs, Denmark tops Foundations

of Wellbeing, and Finland outperforms others in

Opportunity.

The Youth Progress Index (IPM) is one of the

main tools for measuring the quality of life of

young people, the effectiveness of youth policy,

and determining progress, regardless of economic

indicators. IPM is calculated on the basis of a

complete analysis of data for 102 countries and a

partial analysis (due to limited available data) of 52

countries.

IPM is a joint initiative of the European Youth

Forum Deloitte, the International Institute for

Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International

IDEA), the Office for Democratic Institutions

and Human Rights, the Organization for Security

and Cooperation in Europe, Social Progress, the

International Organization of Employers.

IPM combines reliable and relevant data in

order to assess countries for basic needs and well-

being. The index allows you to see a clear picture

of the well-being of young people and the activities

of countries in such areas as education, health,

housing.

The development of UTI allows civil society

organizations, enterprises and civil society

organizations to systematically identify the most

pressing needs of young people and eliminate

obstacles.

This index can serve as a tool for facilitating

strategic planning, as well as for in-depth study of

certain social problems and models.

IPM designed to assess the quality of life of

young people all over the world. It provides a country

measurement framework for sound policies on

youth issues related to factors such as access to

education, health care, housing, quality of jobs,

civil and political participation. It complements

other leading global programs, such as the 2030

Agenda for Sustainable Development, which

promotes a more holistic approach to progress and

its measurement. Currently, there is still no reliable

international comparative data on the well-being of

young people.

This index based on three aspects: basic human

needs well-being and opportunity fundamentals.

Each component includes from three to six

indicators. The youth progress index is an arithmetic

average of the three aspects listed above. The index

and its aspects measured on a scale from 0-100.

(fig. 2.1)

The Youth Progress Index’s follows the

framework and methodology of the Social Progress

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ATIO

XPE

RIE

NCE

PLE

TIO

F Y

UTH

LICIE

304

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

APTE

R 2

Index of excluding economic indicators, and only

including social and environmental aspects of young

people’s lives. It structured around:

• 3 dimensions (Basic Human Needs, Foundations

of Wellbeing, and Opportunity)

• 12 components

• 60 distinct indicators.

According to the results for 2017, as can be

seen from the data presented in Figure 2.1 and

Table 2.1, the indicators vary considerably around

the world. Norway scores the highest on the quality

of life of young people; Switzerland leads on the

assessment of basic human needs, Denmark on the

criterion of “foundation of well-being”, Finland on the

“Opportunities for youth” component. The bottom line

of the ranking took - Mozambique (fig. 2).

Kazakhstan in the IPM rating, like most of the CIS

countries, occupies the middle position, 63rd place.

The strengths of Kazakhstan include the satisfaction

of basic human needs. Kazakhstan is ahead of

Russia in terms of the provision of basic needs

(such as drinking water, quality of electricity supply,

access to improved sanitation). According to IPM, in

Kazakhstan, young people have high opportunities

for education and employment, however, civil activity

is estimated as average. According to the results of

this index, Kazakhstan is inferior to the CIS countries

(Armenia, Georgia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine) in

such areas as personal safety, perception of crime,

mortality as a result of traffic accidents, also lags

behind in the field of health, which is associated

with a high level of suicide among young people. It

is necessary first of all to pay attention to solving

the housing problems of young people, to the level

of suicides and crimes committed by young citizens

of the country (fig. 2.2).

The role of the OSCE in youth policy.

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in

Europe (hereinafter referred to as OSCE), the world’s

largest regional security organization. It brings together

57 countries located in North America, Europe, and

Central Asia.

The OSCE commitment to enhancing the role of youth

and its involvement in the work of the Organization for

Peace and Security was first formulated in its founding

document - the Helsinki Final Act - and subsequently

specified in many subsequent OSCE decisions.

In two successive declarations of the Ministerial

Council, which were adopted in 2014 and 2015, it was

noted that young people have the potential to contribute

to the political, economic and social development

and to OSCE activities in all three dimensions. The

organization places particular emphasis on protecting

youth and promoting youth participation in activities

such as preventing and countering violent extremism

and radicalization that lead to terrorism, intercultural and

interfaith dialogue, education, promoting tolerance and

political participation.

Figure 2.1

INDICATORS FOR CALCULATING IPM

Nutrition and basic medical care

• Fasting
• Lack of food
• Maternal mortality
• Child mortality
• Mortality from infectious diseases

Water and Sanitation

• Access to tap water
• Access to improved sanitation
• Access to water in the countryside

Shalter

• Kill level
• Attitude towards crime
• Level of violent crime
• Mortality due to accident
• Security at night

Basic human needs

Basics of well-being

Access to basic education

• Youth literacy rate
• Number educated among youth, female
• Number educated among youth, male
• Primary School

Access to the information

• Mobile Access
• Internet users
• Press Freedom Index

Health

• Death from HIV / AIDS
• Suicide rate
• Mortality due to air pollution

Ecosystem Resilience

• Greenhouse gas emissions
• Biodiversity, habitat
• Air quality

Personal rights

• Participation in rallies
• Political rights
• Freedom of speech
• Favor youth

Personal freedom and choice

• Freedom of religion
• Early marriage
• Corruption
• Freedom of life choices

Tolerance, Integration

• Tolerant attitude towards migrants
• Tolerant attitude towards homosexuals
• Discrimination and violence
• Public Safety

Access to education

• Inequality in access to education
• Level of enrollment

Opportunities:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ATIO

XPE

RIE

NCE

PLE

TIO

F Y

UTH

LICIE

305

APTE

R 2

Work is underway on projects and events are being

held by OSCE field structures in the Western Balkans, in

Eastern Europe, in the South Caucasus, and in Central Asia:

• The Youth Advisory Group within the Mission to Bosnia

and Herzegovina gives young people the opportunity to

state their position regarding the implementation of the

Mission’s activities.

• The Central Asian Youth Network, which operates

with the support of the OSCE Program Office in Astana,

annually holds an event where students from different

countries of the region set out and discuss their vision of

regional security in line with OSCE values and principles.

• The Presence in Albania and the Mission in Serbia

organize “summer schools” for young people from

both countries in order to foster intercultural dialogue,

deepen mutual understanding and cooperation in order

to counteract prejudice and stereotypes.

• Youth representatives from Albania and Serbia

are supported in their efforts to build relationships,

cooperation, and dialogue.

Youth opinions are heard through the following OSCE

events:

• at meetings of the Council of Ministers;

• at meetings of the Permanent Council;

• at events held by the ODIHR, the HCNM, and the RFMI;

• at the human dimension implementation review

http://ec.europa.eu/youth/policy/implementation/dialogue_en.htm

meeting;

• in field operations;

• at the events of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly;

• in the Mediterranean and Asian contact groups;

• at events during the OSCE Security Days.

European Union programs

The organized youth environment in the pan-

European region is characterized by practices related to

the implementation of targeted actions by international

organizations, for example, the Council of Europe and

supranational structures, in particular, the European

Union (EU), the European Parliament (EP) and other state

structures.

The European approach implies a clear responsibility

of the state for the process of integrating youth into

society, increasing competitiveness in the labor

Table 2.1

YOUTH PROGRESS INDEX COUNTRY RANKING

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

Norway
Finland
Denmark
Iceland
Sweden
Canada
Netherlands
Switzerland
Ireland
New Zealand
Austria
Australia
Germany
Belgium
United Kingdom
Slovenia
Japan
United States
Czech Republic
Spain

88,94
88,59
88,54
88,39
87,32
86,55
86,53
86,47
85,16
85,07
84,89
84,41
84,41
83,34
82,62
81,99
81,36
81,32
80,87
80,85

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.

Portugal
Estonia
France
Republic of Korea
Slovakia
Latvia
Poland
Cyprus
Croatia
Italy
Israel
Chile
Costa Rica
Greece
Lithuania
Uruguay
Hungary
Bulgaria
Serbia
Mauritius

80,55
80,55
78,50
77,40
76,99
76,43
76,26
76,24
76,05
75,71
75,68
75,66
74,32
74,26
73,76
73,48
73,20
69,38
69,05
68,81

Location Сountry Rating

41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.

63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.

Romania
Argentina
Panama
Montenegro
Armenia
Georgia
Ecuador
Albania
FYROM
Jamaica
Belarus
Malaysia
Brazil
Peru
Colombia
Tunisia
Turkey
Kyrgyzstan
Paraguay
Ukraine
Mexico
Dominican
Republic
Kazakhstan
Moldova
Russia
Thailand
Bolivia
Sri Lanka
Philippines
Lebanon
Nicaragua

68,19
67,98
66,91
66,53
66,67
66,25
64,85
64,66
64,40
64,07
63,89
63,37
63,36
63,28
63,25
62,71
62,38
62,37
62,29
62,08
61,94
61,07

60,88
60,87
60,84
60,66
60,52
60,24
60,06
58,46
57,32

72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.

Morocco
Indonesia
El Salvador
Mongolia
Iran
Egypt
Honduras
South Africa
Nepal
Botswana
Guatemala
Namibia
Ghana
India
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Senegal
Rwanda
Malawi
Zimbabwe
Pakistan
Uganda
Tanzania
Benin
Cameroon
Ethiopia
Burkina Faso
Lesotho
Liberia
Mali
Mozambique

57,09
56,92
56,05
55,65
55,17
54,26
54,06
53,56
53,27
53,12
52,91
49,63
49,47
48,61
47,85
47,14
46,60
44,18
41,27
41,03
40,09
39,44
37,64
37,61
36,90
36,19
36,07
35,38
34,45
34,30
35,53

location Сountry Rating

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ATIO

XPE

RIE

NCE

PLE

TIO

F Y

UTH

LICIE

306

National report

«Youth of Kazakhstan – 2018»

APTE

R 2

market, providing legal and social support to youth

organizations as “platforms for life” for young people.

Special attention is paid to the provision of youth

employment, the fight against unemployment and

the development of youth projects. A whole set of

regulatory documents adopted in the European Union

and the Council of Europe serves as the legal support.

The Erasmus + program of the European

Commission is designed for a seven-year period

(2014–2020) and combines various previous EU

programs and instruments, including four international

cooperation programs (Tempus, Erasmus Mundus, Alfa,

and Edulink). The program is thematically focused on

education, vocational training, youth, and sports and

contains more than 10 different tools, the rules for

participation in which are different for representatives

of different countries.

Structural parts of the program are divided into tools.

In some instruments, only citizens and organizations

from program countries (EU countries, Iceland,

Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Norway, Turkey, Switzerland)

can participate. Other tools are open to representatives

from partner countries (all other countries).

The basic structure of the Erasmus + program:

• Key activity 1: Mobility for learning for individuals:

Joint Master Degrees (Key Action 1 Joint Master

Degrees);

Credit Mobility (Key Action 1 Credit Mobility);

The mobility of youth and people working with young

people (Key Action 1 Mobility of Young People and

Youth Workers);

• Key focus 2: Collaboration for innovation and

sharing best practices:

Capacity building in higher education (Key Action 2

Capacity Building in Higher Education);

Strategic partnerships in the field of education,

training, and youth (Key Action 2 Strategic

Partnerships in the Field of Education, Training, and

Youth);

Knowledge Alliances, Skills Alliances (Key Action 2

Knowledge Alliances, Sektor Skills Alliances);

• Key activity 3: Supporting systemic reforms

Structural dialogue in the field of youth (Key Action 3

Structured Dialogue Youth);

Sport.

“Structured Dialogue”

“Structured Dialogue” is a means of communication

between young people and decision-makers in order to

implement the priorities of European cooperation on

youth policy. The project aims to ensure that the views

of young people are heard in the process of developing

and shaping European politics.

The “Structured Dialogue” is a consultative process

carried out by the European Commission, which aims

to expand cooperation with civil society and to get

information from young people directly, “first-hand”.

The “Structured Dialogue” consists of one main event

– the European Youth Conference. The conference is

organized by a European Union country chairing the EU

this year.

Basic methods and principles:

Figure 2.2

YOUTH PROGRESS INDEX - INDICATORS
OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN, 2017

Nutrition and Basic Medical Care - 96.09

• Starvation - 100
• Depth of food deficit - 96.85
• Maternal mortality rate Undernourishment - 98.35
• Child mortality rate - 87.74
• Deaths from infectious diseases - 97.25

Water and Sanitation - 70.63

• Access to piped water - 61.37
• Access to improved sanitation facilities - 97.14
• Rural access to improved water source - 77.11

Shelter - 70.71

• Access to electricity - 100
• Availability of affordable housing - 32.43
• Quality of electricity supply - 59.13

Personal Safety - 61.18

• Homicide rate - 81.50
• Level of violent crime - 75.00
• Perceived criminality - 50.00
• Traffic deaths - 60.42
• Safe walking at night - 50.79

Youth Progress Index –

63/102

Rank –

45/154

Basic Human Needs – 74.12

Foundations of Wellbeing – 60.96

Access to Basic Knowledge - 98.80

• Female secondary education - 99.68
• Gender parity in secondary enrollment - 92.67
• Gross secondary school enrollment - 100
• Primary school enrollment - 99.57
• Youth literacy rate - 100

Access to Info and Communications - 71.32

• Internet users - 79.00
• Press Freedom Index - 45.45
• Youth Mobile telephone - 93.22

Health and Wellness - 46.62

• Death rate from HIV/AIDS - 99.23
• Life expectancy at 60 - 47.62
• Suicide rate - 16.95
• Youth mortality from non-communicable dis.. - 17.32

Environmental Quality - 36.04

• Air quality satisfaction - 41.82
• Biodiversity and habitat - 40.89
• Greenhouse gas emissions - 46.30
• Outdoor air pollution attributable deaths - 36.21

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Национальный доклад «Молодежь Казахстана – 2018» - часть 19