Dubai Building Code (2021)

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 45

C.6.4.2

Location of accessible parking spaces

The following requirements and recommendations apply to accessible parking spaces.
a) Accessible parking spaces should be located as close as possible to public

facilities.

b) Accessible parking spaces shall be located a maximum of 50 m from the building

entrance. An accessible route shall provide access to the sidewalk from the road,

or an accessible curb ramp shall be provided.

c) A minimum of one accessible parking space shall be provided adjacent to each

accessible entrance.

d) Where a parking area is served by multiple accessible building entrances,

accessible parking spaces shall be a maximum of 50 m from each accessible

entrance. The distribution of accessible parking be such that all accessible parking

spaces are not located in the same area.

e) When multi-level parking is provided, at least one accessible parking space shall

be available at grade level whenever grade parking is provided.

f) Accessible parking spaces shall have an access aisle at least of 1,200 mm wide.

The access aisle shall be connected to an accessible route. Angled parking spaces

shall have a side access aisle, to allow for approach and transfer from the driver’s

side. A rear access aisle shall be provided to parking spaces along a sidewalk.

g) If an accessible parking aisle is shared between two vehicles parking adjacently,

the aisle shall be centrally accessible for both vehicles (see Figure C.59).

h) The parking spaces shall be marked with the symbol for people of determination,

painted on the ground and on a signpost. This sign should be visible from the

driving position and mounted at a height of 2,100 mm (see Figure C.60).

For parking areas controlled by vehicle barriers, meters or ticket dispensers,

the equipment shall be installed at an appropriate location and height for use

by people of determination. The guidance given in BS 8300 on these provisions

for people of determination should be followed.

Wayfinding signs conforming to C.11 shall be provided to indicate the location

of accessible parking spaces.

For enclosed parking areas, wayfinding signs shall be provided at any directional

change option inside the parking area. The signs should use the symbols and

colours of each area and floor to help people find their cars, toilets and exits.

Pedestrian routes within parking areas shall be identified by floor painting with

a reflectance contrast of 30 points LRV compared to the vehicular routes.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 46

≥

5.5

≥

2.5 m

≥

3.3 m

≥

1.2 m

≤

Figure C.59

Example of accessible parking spaces with side aisle

Key

01: Curb to parking

02: Sign

Figure C.60

Example of an accessible parking space along the sidewalk with sign on post

Key

01: Curb to parking

02: Sign

≥

6.0 m

≥

1.2 m

≥

2.5

≤

2.1

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 47

C.7 Accessible building elements

C.7.1

Windows and window hardware

The following requirements and recommendations apply to windows and window

hardware.
a) Any opening window located externally or internally shall not project into

accessible routes within 2,100 mm of FFL.

b) Window controls shall not require wrist turning. They should be easy to

manipulate with one hand or an elbow, or be automatically operated. Windows

shall be capable of being opened and closed using limited force. The force needed

to open the window shall be not more than 22.2 N.

Window controls should contrast visually with their background for the benefit

of partially sighted people. The controls should be within accessible reach ranges,

mounted between 900 mm and 1,200 mm.

d) Design should prioritize similar levels of access to natural light for all building

users.

e) To provide exterior views for children, people of short stature and wheelchair

users, the bottom of any glazed opening should be a maximum of 900 mm above

the internal floor level. To provide a minimum clear viewing range, no horizontal

transoms should be positioned between 900 mm and 1,200 mm above floor level

(see Figure C.61 and Figure C.62).

Figure C.61

Window viewing range

≥

1,20

≤

900

≥

1,20

≤

900

Key

01: Minimum clear viewing range

Figure C.62 Minimum clear viewing range (© British Standards Institute. Figure extracted from BS 8300:2018.

Permission to reproduce extracts from British Standards is granted by BSI Standards Limited (BSI). No other

use of this material is permitted).

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 48

C.7.2

Surfaces

C.7.2.1

Floor surfaces

C.7.2.1.1 Level change

Changes in level up to a maximum 13 mm shall be designed with a 25% maximum

gradient slope as shown in Figure C.63. Changes in level greater than 13 mm shall

be ramped in accordance with C.5.9.1, or a maximum slope gradient of 5% shall be

provided.

≥

≤

25%

Figure C.63

Maximum gradient slope for changes in level

C.7.2.1.2 Slip resistance

Levels of slip resistance for accessible surfaces, as determined by pendulum testing

(see BS EN 13036-4) shall conform to Table C.19.

Floor surface slopes

Pendulum test value (PTV)

Indoor – dry areas

Level surface
Inclined surfaces with slopes less than 5%

Between 15 and 35

Inclined surfaces with 5% slopes or greater

35 or more

Outdoor and wet areas

Level surface

Between 35 and 45

Inclined surfaces with slopes less than 5%
Inclined surfaces with 5% slopes or greater

45 or more

Streets pavement, swimming pools and showers

45 or more

Table C.19 Surface slip resistance

Wet areas such as toilets and swimming pools shall have non-slippery floor surfaces.

PTVs shall take account of both shod and barefoot users.
The product provider shall provide technical slip resistance parameters in PTV units.

If the data are not provided, the material should be tested in a laboratory before it is

accepted.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 49

C.7.2.1.3 Other requirements

Floor surfaces shall be firm, smooth and stable.

Tiles presenting rounded edges and excessive joints should not be used in accessible

routes to prevent wheel vibration, tripping and noise.
Internal and external surfaces shall not have loose elements and shall allow for

movement or dragging.

Rugs and carpets shall be firmly fixed to the floor and shall allow easy movement for

wheelchair users. Rugs and carpets shall not increase the force required to roll over

a ceramic pavement by more than 25%. This can be measured with a dynamometer

comparing the effort required to move a person seating in a wheelchair on both

surfaces. Pile height shall be a maximum of 13 mm. Exposed edges of carpet shall

be fastened to floor surfaces and shall have a trim along the entire length of the

exposed edge.
Carpets installed at entrance lobbies shall be limited to a maximum height difference

of 5 mm from the surrounding floor finish.
Floor surfaces shall be finished with appropriate flooring materials or coatings that

do not produce glare.

Floor patterning that could be mistaken for steps, e.g. stripes, should not be used in

common circulation areas.

Lighting shall not be installed in floors if it produces glare in the area of accessible

routes.

Lighting installed in floors shall not produce heat.

Imperfections or irregularities that create a level difference of more than 5 mm, or

holes larger than 15 mm in diameter, shall not be allowed in a floor surface. Such

differences can be avoided by careful selection of material and regular maintenance.

When grate openings are longitudinal, they shall be installed such that the length of

the openings are perpendicular to the direction of travel over the grate

(see Figure C.64 and Figure C.65).

Key

01: Dominant direction of travel

02: Long dimension perpendicular to dominant direction of travel

Figure C.64 Elongated openings in floor or ground surfaces (modified figure based on 2010 ADA Standards for

Accessible Design, US Department of Justice 2010, Figure 302.3)

≤

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 50

Key

01: Pedestrian direction of travel

02: Accessible route

03: Grate

Figure C.65

Grate with perpendicular orientation

Grates shall not be installed on curb cuts at pedestrian crossings.

Figure C.66

Walkable grille in tree grate

C.7.2.2

Tactile systems

C.7.2.2.1 General

Tactile systems shall conform to ISO 23599 or be designed and installed to conform

to C.7.2.2.2 to C.7.2.2.3.

Trees adjacent to an accessible route shall be protected with walkable grilles,

especially when they are less than 1,800 mm from a building façade

(see Figure C.66).

<1,800

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 51

C.7.2.2.2 Detectable warning surface

Detectable warnings surfaces are required for level change areas, including stairs,

ramps, rail and port platform borders, and unprotected changes in level. They also

warn of an obstacle on the course of travel.
Warning surfaces shall be constructed of truncated cones arranged in a square grid

or diagonal rows and installed with bands oriented in the crosswise direction of the

course of travel. A detectable warning surface shall be installed along the entire width

of the level change area or obstacle at a minimum distance of 300 mm from the

beginning of the hazardous edge. The warning surface shall have a minimum width of

300 mm (see Figure C.67).

≥

300

≥

300

Figure C.67

Warning surface example

C.7.2.2.3 Tactile guiding surfaces

Tactile guiding surfaces are used as a directional aid to assist the independent

mobility of people with visual impairment.

Guiding patterns should be constructed of flat-topped elongated strips which are

oriented in the direction of the course of travel.
The tactile guiding surface shall have a minimum width of 400 mm. The distance

between longitudinal strips shall not exceed 32 mm (see Figure C.68).

Figure C.68

Guiding surface example

≤

≥

400

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 52

Tactile wayfinding is very useful for people with impaired vision and people who are

blind and use a mobility aid (e.g. white cane). Tactile references include walls, façades,

doors and changes of texture in pavements and differences between tiles and grass

as shown in Figure C.69.

Figure C.69

Accessible route pavement with different texture from the surrounding pavement

Key

01: Accessible route

When differences in surface treatments are not present, a guiding tactile pavement

shall be provided.
Guiding surface pavements shall be provided in the following:
a)

open squares without defined walking routes;

b) metro, tramway, ferry network stations and other transportation hubs; and
c) between building entrances and information or reception desks, and elevators in

public administration buildings, as shown in Figure C.70.

Key

01: Entrance

02: Elevator call button

03: Elevator

Figure C.70

Use of guiding tactile surfaces example

At public transportation stations and hubs, guiding tactile surfaces shall start at

the entrance and be continued to all accessible services, to indicate the walking

route. Warning tactile surfaces shall be provided at any direction change, at any level

change, and in front of all the services provided.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 53

C.7.2.3

Glass surfaces

Glass surfaces incorporated into accessible spaces should not create distracting

reflections.

The following building elements shall contain manifestation or visual elements to

enable them to be detected:
a) all glass surfaces that could be confused with doors or openings; and

b) glass doors that do not have identifiable elements such as frames or handles.
The zone for manifestation or visual detection elements is illustrated in Figure C.71.

The zone shall:
1)

be located between 750 mm and 1,500 mm above FFL;

occupy a minimum of 50% of the area horizontally at each 900 mm width

interval, with minimum 50% opacity; and

3) contain visual elements of any type of bands or marks (such as logos and artistic

illustrations).

Figure C.71

Zone for glass manifestation

≥

1,50

≤

750

Manifestation and visual detection elements are not required in the following cases:
i) where a glass surface is less than 500 mm wide;
ii)

where the glass surface does not extend more than 850 mm above FFL;

iii)

where a fixed element in front of the glass surface blocks the entire approaching

space;

iv)

where façade glazing is in upper floors with no access from outside, and where

there is no possibility of a user confusing it with access glazing.

C.7.2.4

Wall surfaces

Large, repeating patterns that incorporate bold colour contrast should be avoided for

wall surfaces in parts of a building where visual precision is critical.
Service outlets and other functional elements on wall surfaces should be

distinguishable from the wall, using visual contrast and textural contrast.
Protruding objects on walls should visually contrast with the background wall surface

to facilitate detection.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 54

C.7.3

Furniture and equipment

C.7.3.1

General

Furniture and equipment shall contain no sharp edges, protruding objects or burning

surfaces and shall provide visual contrast with their background for ease of detection.
Materials that retain heat from sun radiation shall not be used for surfaces that are

to be touched.

Furniture shall be made of non-toxic materials.

Accessible furniture and equipment shall be located adjacent to accessible routes,

while avoiding obstruction of the minimum clear width.

C.7.3.2

Storage facilities

Where storage facilities are provided, 20% of shelves, boxes or lockers shall be within

reaching distance for wheelchair users or people of short stature. They shall be

located between 600 mm and 1,200 mm above the floor (see Figure C.72).

Storage facilities should include some knee spaces to allow the option of either

frontal or sideways use from a sitting position. If benches are provided, they shall be

moveable or separated from accessible lockers and storage units. A side approach

interaction space is shown in Figure C.72.
Locker designations should provide visual and tactile contrast.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 55

C.7.3.3

Tables

The tops of accessible tables shall be in accordance with the dimensions in Figure

C.73. Accessible tables shall not feature integrated seats. Knee and toe clearance

shall be provided in accordance with C.5.6.2.

Figure C.73

Accessible table height

≤

850

≥

700

Key

01: Front of top table or bench

C.7.3.4

Chairs and benches

The following requirements and recommendations apply to accessible chairs and

benches.
a)

The seating height shall be between 430 mm and 480 mm above FFL. The seating

depth shall be between 450 mm and 500 mm (see Figure C.74 and Figure C.75).

b) A backrest with a height of between 400 mm and 500 mm shall be provided.
c) Allowable stresses shall not be exceeded for materials used when a vertical or

horizontal force of 113 kg (1,112 N) is applied at any point on the seat, fastener,

mounting device or supporting structure.

d) A side interaction space shall be provided on at least one side, as shown in

Figure C.74 and Figure C.75. The space shall not encroach on the accessible route.

A mixture of seating options (e.g. fixed or removable, with or without arms, wider

seats) should be provided for customers or visitors to a building.

f) It is recommended that furniture with standing support is provided, in

combination with benches of varied height, to allow use by a diverse group of

people. Where possible, seats of varied height and width should be provided for

people of large stature or those with restricted leg movements.

g) Seating should contrast visually with the surrounding surfaces for ease of

identification.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 56

Figure C.74 Chair with side interaction area – with armrest

Figure C.75 Chair with side interaction area – without armrest

≥

800

≥

1,30

≥

800

≥

1,30

The following requirements and recommendations apply to seating, depending on the

location where it is installed.
1) Where installed in wet locations, the surface of the seating shall be slip resistant

and shall not accumulate water.

2) In urban spaces and parks, accessible benches or chairs should be provided every

100 m. In large buildings (such as shopping malls or airports) accessible benches

or seats shall be provided every 50 m.

3) To assist users in transferring to seating, grab bars should be provided on the

wall adjacent to seating where necessary. Grab bars should not be provided on

the wall behind the seating. If provided, grab bars shall not obstruct transfer to

the seating.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 57

≥

1,300

≥

800

≥

900

C.7.3.5

Counters and checkout aisles

The following requirements apply to checkout aisles, sales counters, service counters

and food service.
a) Where counters are provided, at least one of each type shall be accessible.
b) If the sales area exceeds 500 m

, 20% of sales counters shall be accessible.

c) The accessible counter height shall not exceed 850 mm for a minimum width of

900 mm. The counter shall allow for a frontal or side interaction space as required

(see Figure C.76).

Knee and toe clearance shall be provided to frontal interaction spaces.

e) Where counters or teller windows have security glazing to separate personnel

from the public, a method to facilitate voice communication shall be provided.

Figure C.76 Accessible counter interaction (modified figure based on 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible

Design, US Department of Justice 2010, Figure 904.4)

Key

01: Counter area at ≤850 mm height

02: Counter

Counters should be capable of being staffed by a wheelchair user (see Figure C.77).

Figure C.77 Accessible counters for staff in a wheelchair (© British Standards Institute. Figure extracted from

BS 8300:2018. Permission to reproduce extracts from British Standards is granted by BSI Standards Limited

(BSI). No other use of this material is permitted).

Key

01: Accessible counter height

≤

1,200

≤

750

≥

700

≥

450

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 58

C.7.4

Reception and waiting areas

Reception desks should be located so that they are easily identifiable from a building

entrance by visually impaired people. Noise levels should be taken into account when

setting appropriate locations for reception areas (see

Part H

In addition to the requirements of C.5 and C.7.3, the following requirements and

recommendations apply to reception and waiting areas.
a)

In high traffic reception and waiting areas and where queues are expected, the

reception space should be planned for wheelchair users to manoeuvre, move in

both directions, and pass other persons in line if needed.

b) Reception desks shall feature interaction spaces with the dimensions shown in

Figure C.78.

c) Counters and waiting areas shall contain seating places and clear spaces to

accommodate wheelchairs, scooters or strollers.

d) Access to seating in general waiting areas should be direct and unobstructed.
e) Seating layouts should allow the option of two wheelchair users sitting next to

each other, or a wheelchair user sitting next to a user of standard seating as a

wheelchair user’s companion (see Figure C.79).

f) In seating areas where public address systems are installed, appropriate acoustical

treatment should be provided through space materials and ceilings.

Figure C.78

Reception desk approach space

≥

1,300

≥

800

700-850

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 59

≥

1,300

≥

800

Figure C.79

Seating zone

The guidance given in BS 8300 for the provision of accessible reception areas,

waiting areas and counter work surfaces should be followed.

C.7.5

Balconies

Terraces, verandas and balconies linked to accessible rooms, spaces and facilities shall

be accessible to all people and shall conform to the following requirements.
a) Balcony doors shall conform to C.5.8.
b) The balcony exterior and interior levels shall be the same.
c)

The minimum area of an accessible balcony shall be 1,500 mm × 1,500 mm (see

Figure C.80).

d) Walking surfaces shall conform to C.7.2.1.

Figure C.80 Accessible balcony dimensions (© British Standards Institute. Figure extracted from BS 8300:2018.

Permission to reproduce extracts from British Standards is granted by BSI Standards Limited (BSI). No other

use of this material is permitted).

≥

1,500

≥

1,500

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 60

C.7.6

Accessible dressing or change rooms

In addition to the requirements of C.5, dressing and changing rooms shall conform to

the following requirements.
a) Storage lockers shall conform to C.7.3.2.
b) The approaching space for lockers, benches and furniture shall have a minimum

passageway width of 800 mm and shall connect to the accessible route.

c) If showers are provided, a minimum of one in every ten and a minimum of one in

each location shall be accessible showers as described in C.8.

d) If toilets are provided, a minimum of one in every ten and a minimum of one in

each location shall be accessible toilets as described in C.8.

Benches shall be provided with back support or shall be fixed to a wall. Back

support shall be a minimum of 1,050 mm long and a minimum height of 450 mm

above the seat surface.

It is preferable to provide changing places with combined toilet and shower facilities

(see BS 8300).

C.7.7

First aid facilities

Any first aid facility shall conform to C.5. Signage indicating the facility’s availability

shall be provided.

Manoeuvring clearances shall be provided inside the first aid facility.
The first aid facility shall contain a changing table usable by adults.
If the first aid facility is equipped with a sink, this shall conform to C.8.3.6.

C.7.8

Kiosks

Accessible kiosks shall conform to the following requirements.
a) A customer counter, with a frontal or side interaction space which links to an

accessible route, shall be provided.

b) The kiosk shall be equipped with a hearing enhancement system and a sign

indicating such.

c)  All controls shall be located at a height of between 900 mm and 1,200 mm.
d)  All information shall be provided in audio and visual formats.
e)  Information shall have visual contrast and be a minimum size of 14 pt.

Figure C.81 illustrates an example of accessible kiosk.

Figure C.81

Example of an accessible kiosk

≥

700

≤

850

≥

450

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 61

C.8 Accessible sanitary

C.8.1

Minimum requirements

Buildings, public facilities and public spaces shall be provided with accessible toilet

facilities. The minimum number of accessible toilets shall be in accordance with Table

C.20.

Use of the building or area

Minimum number of accessible toilet facilities

Public buildings

One wheelchair accessible toilet

facility within 150 m of any

part of the building or between

toilets.

One wheelchair accessible toilet

facility for each gender on every

floor and in every toilets group.

or
One independent detached

accessible toilet for both

genders on every floor and in

every toilets group

Public spaces: gardens, parks,

beaches and playgrounds

One wheelchair accessible toilet

facility within 400 m of any

part of the building or between

toilets.

Table C.20 Number of accessible toilets

If only one toilet for each gender is provided, both shall be accessible.

Accessible sanitary fixtures shall be provided in accordance with Table C.21

Sanitary fixture

Minimum requirement

Water closet

Where provided, at least one in each toilet group and not less than

5% of the overall number of water closets shall be wheelchair

accessible (see C.8.3.4).
Additional (optional) provision: Ambulatory toilet stalls

Urinals

At least one urinal in each urinal group shall be accessible (see

C.8.3.5).

Sinks

At least one sink in each sink group shall be accessible (see C.8.3.6).

Bathing facilities (showers and

bathtubs)

At least one accessible shower or accessible bathtub shall be

provided in each bathing area (see C.8.3.8 or C.8.3.9).

Table C.21 Sanitary facility requirement

Where the gross area (GA) of a building exceeds 2,000 m

and the intended building

users include children, 10% of sanitary fixtures provided shall be suitable for children

below the age of ten. At least one toilet for children shall be provided in both male

and female toilet facilities.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 62

Every toilet stall door shall be provided with a latch and a coat hanger in accordance

with Figure C.83 and Figure C.84. The latch shall be operable with the elbow or with

a closed fist.

C.8.2

Toilet rooms doors

The following requirements and recommendations apply to toilet room doors.
a) Accessible toilet doors shall have a minimum clear width of 815 mm and conform

to C.5.8.

Doors should open outwards or be sliding doors. For a door opening inwards, the

clearances specified in C.5.8.3 shall be met.

c) Toilet doors shall not swing into the minimum required toilet area.
d)

A horizontal grab bar shall be provided in accordance with Figure C.82.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 63

C.8.3

Accessible toilet arrangements

C.8.3.1

General

Wheelchair accessible toilet stalls can be provided as part of blocks of toilet facilities

or separately. Family toilets (see C.8.4) should be located outside blocks of toilet

facilities. Types of toilet stall arrangement are illustrated in Figure C.85.

used by both genders if needed.

(d) Family toilet.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 64

Minimum dimensions for accessible toilets shall be in accordance with Table C.22.

Circulation spaces

Dimension or provision

Corridor widths in toilets, showers, lockers spaces, etc.

1,050 mm

Manoeuvring space diameter

1,500 mm

Accessible toilets and cubicles

Diameter of manoeuvring space free of obstacles from 0 mm to

700 mm height of FFL

1,500 mm

Side interaction space

Minimum of one on either the

left or right side of the water

closet, and beside the shower

where one is provided.

Table C.22 Minimum dimensional parameters for accessible toilets

C.8.3.2

Baby changing stations

Baby changing stations conforming to the following requirements shall be provided.
a) Both male and female toilet facilities shall include at least one baby changing

table, clearly identified with English and Arabic text. The maximum distance

between baby changing stations in a building shall be 150 m.

b) The changing station shall not encroach on the minimum manoeuvring

requirements in Table C.22.

c) Where a baby changing station is provided inside an accessible toilet, it shall not

encroach on the 1,500 mm minimum required clear manoeuvring space.

C.8.3.3

Approach and toe clearance

A minimum clear space of 1,050 mm shall be provided in front of wheelchair

accessible toilet stall doors, as shown in Figure C.86.

Figure C.86 Minimum clearance for accessing accessible toilet stall (modified figure based on 2010 ADA

Standards for Accessible Design, US Department of Justice 2010, Figure 604.8.1.2)

≥

1,05

Toilet stalls shall be arranged for a left-hand or right-hand approach to the water

closet, or for dual transfer.
Toe clearance is not required if the toilet stall dimensions are greater than

1,650 mm × 1,650 mm.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 65

Figure C.87 Toe clearance (modified figure based on 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, US

Department of Justice 2010, Figure 604.8.1.4)

≥

250

≥

150

≥

150

≥

150

When the toilet clear space is less than 1,650 mm × 1,650 mm a minimum toe

clearance of 250 mm in height shall be provided above the finish floor and a

minimum 150 mm deep to the front partition and at least one side partition beyond

the toilet stall-side face of the partition, exclusive of partition support members

(see Figure C.87).

Key

01: Partition

C.8.3.4

Water closets

C.8.3.4.1 Position and arrangement of toilets

Depending on the type of water closet, the centre line of the toilet shall be positioned

relative to the side wall or partition in accordance with Figure C.88.

Water closets shall be arranged for a left-hand or right-hand approach, or for dual

transfer.

Figure C.88 Water closet location (modified figure based on 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, US

Department of Justice 2010, Figure 604.2)

(a) Wheelchair accessible

water closet

(b) Ambulatory accessible

water closet

The seat height, measured from FFL to the top of the seat, shall be a minimum of

450 mm and a maximum of 500 mm. Seats shall not be sprung to return to a lifted

position.

The flush controls shall be mounted on the transfer side of the toilet. The flush

controls shall be hand operated or electronically controlled. Flush controls requiring

hand operation shall be lever type.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 66

C.8.3.4.2 Wheelchair accessible water closets

Wheelchair accessible water closets shall have a minimum clear interaction space

measuring 800 mm perpendicular from the water closet edge, and 1,300 mm

perpendicular from the rear wall [Figure C.89(a)].

Two side transfer water closets can also be used, provided an interaction space of

1,300 mm × 800 mm is provided on both sides of the water closet [Figure C.89(b)].

Figure C.89

Clearance for water closets

(a) Single side transfer

(b) Double side transfer

≥

1,300

≥

800

≥

1,300

≥

800

≥

800

C.8.3.4.3 Grab bars for water closets

Grab bars shall conform to the general requirements of C.8.3.9.

For the provision of grab bars, either a single-sided transfer approach or a double-

sided transfer approach shall be used.
The following requirements and recommendations apply to single-sided transfer.
a) The minimum dimensions for toilets with single-sided transfer shall be in

accordance with Figure C.90.

b) Transfer horizontal grab bars shall be provided on both the back side of the water

closet and wall side, and shall:
1) have a support length of 750 mm to 900 mm; and
2) be mounted at a height of 700 mm to 850 mm.

c) The side wall grab bar shall have a maximum distance of 300 mm from the rear

wall and shall extend 300 mm minimum in front of the water closet

d) An additional foldable horizontal bar should be provided, mounted at 400 mm

to 450 mm from the water closet centre line, with a minimum length of 750 mm

to 900 mm, and mounted between 700 mm and 850 mm from floor level. When

a foldable horizontal bar is provided, the length of grab bar at the back of water

closet can be reduced to 600 mm.

e) A vertical bar on the side wall shall be provided with a support length of 600 mm

located at a minimum height of 800 mm from the floor as shown in Figure C.91.

The vertical grab bar shall be positioned at a maximum distance of 300 mm in

front of the toilet.

Ø1,500

≥

800

≥

800

≥

1,300

700-850

600

Figure C.90

Minimal dimensions for toilets with single-sided transfer

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 67

≥

800

≥

800

≥

800

≥

1,300

Ø1,500

700-850

Figure C.91 Fixed bar positions for single-sided and double-sided transfer

≥

800

≥

300

≤

300

The following requirements and recommendations apply to double-sided transfer.
a) The minimum dimensions for toilets with double-sided transfer shall be in

accordance with Figure C.92.

b) Transfer horizontal grab bars shall be provided on both sides of the water closet

and shall:
1) have a support length of 750 mm to 900 mm; and
2) be mounted at a height between 700 mm to 850 mm.

c) The distance between the transfer grab bars installed on both sides of the water

closet shall be between 650 mm and 700 mm.

d) The vertical bars on the back wall shall be provided with the same dimension as

single-sided transfer.

Figure C.92

Minimal dimensions for toilets with double-sided transfer

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 68

C.8.3.4.4 Children’s water closets

Water closets for children’s use shall conform to the ranges given in Table C.23.

Age ranges (years)

Water closet centre

line (mm)

Toilet seat height (mm) Grab bar height (mm)

3 to 4

300

280 to 300

450 to 500

5 to 8

300 to 380

500 to 630

9 to 12

380 to 450

380 to 430

630 to 680

Table C.23 Dimensions for children’s water closets

C.8.3.5

Urinals

Stall type urinals reaching the floor and designed for all male heights are preferred.

Accessible urinals shall conform to the following requirements.
a) The bottom lip shall have a maximum height of 400 mm to allow for use by

wheelchair users and children.

b) Urinals shall be a minimum of 350 mm deep, measured from the outer face of the

urinal rim to the back of the fixture.

Urinal shall have a minimum clear interaction space in front of 800 mm ×

1,300 mm.

The urinal flush controls shall be positioned at a maximum height of 1,200 mm.

e) Where privacy screens are provided there shall be a clearance of 900 mm between

these.

Grab bars shall be provided on both sides of the urinal, a maximum of 380 mm from

the centre line, as shown in Figure C.93. They shall be mounted vertically, with the

lower edge at a maximum height of 600 mm, and have a minimum length of 600 mm.

The grab bars shall conform to C.8.3.9.

Figure C.93

Urinal dimensions and grab bars

≥

1,300

≥

800

≥

900

≤

380

≤

400

≤

600

≤

400

≥

600

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 69

C.8.3.6

Sinks and washbasins

The following requirements and recommendations apply to sinks.
a) A minimum clear knee space 700 mm high and 250 mm deep shall be provided

beneath sinks, measured from the faucet to the edge. The usable surface height

shall be between 800 mm and 850 mm (see Figure C.94).

A minimum clear interaction space of 800 mm × 1,300 mm shall be provided in

front of the sink space (see Figure C.94).

c) The minimum distance between the centre line of the sink and the side wall shall

be 450 mm (see Figure C.94).

For children’s use, the usable surface height for a sink shall be 500 mm.

Faucets shall be operated by pressure with a lever handle or with a sensor. Turning

or pressure systems that require significant effort to be operated shall not

be used.

f) The distance from the sink edge to the faucet shall be less than 600 mm.
g) Vertical grab bars shall be provided at each side of the sink in standalone

accessible toilets, with a distance between 600 mm and 700 mm from both sides

of the sink (see Figure C.94). The provision of sink grab bars for other accessible

toilets is recommended.

h) A minimum of one soap dispenser, paper towels/hand dryer shall be located not

more than 600 mm from the accessible sink.

i) The pipes under the sink should be recessed or kept away from the required

clearance specified in item a). Water supply and drainpipes under washbasins and

sinks shall be insulated or otherwise configured to protect against contact.

j) There shall be no sharp or abrasive surfaces beneath washbasins and sinks.

Figure C.94

Dimensions for sinks

≥

250

≥

700

≥

700

≥

1,300

≥

450

≥

800

C.8.3.7

Showers

C.8.3.7.1 Accessible showers

The following requirements and recommendation apply to showers.
a)

The shower floor surface shall be flush with the level of the surrounding area.

The maximum slope for water drainage is 4%. Level changes in showers shall be

limited to 5 mm from the surrounding FFL or bevelled to a maximum height of

13 mm.

b) Controls should be located within 500 mm of the seat and placed according to the

reach ranges specified in C.5.7.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 70

C.8.3.7.2 Transfer type shower compartments

Transfer type showers shall have a clear area of 900 mm × 900 mm. An interaction

space shall be provided adjacent to the transfer shower (see Figure C.95).

Figure C.95 Transfer type showers (modified figure based on 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, US

Department of Justice 2010, Figure 608.2.1)

Key

01: Back wall

02: Seat wall

03: Control wall

≥

800

900

≥

1,300

C.8.3.7.3 Roll-in type shower compartment

Roll-in type showers shall have a minimum area of 800 mm × 1,500 mm

(see Figure C.96).

Figure C.96 Roll-in type showers (modified figure based on 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, US

Department of Justice 2010, Figure 608.2.2)

Key

01: Back wall

02: Side wall

≥

1,500

≥

800

≥

C.8.3.7.4 Shower seats

Shower seats shall be provided for transfer type showers and are recommended

for roll-in type showers.
When shower seats are provided, they shall have a minimum area

of 400 mm × 400 mm.

A shower seat shall be located at a height between 450 mm and 500 mm from

the floor and be separated from the wall by 150 mm to 200 mm.

The seat shall be free of sharp edges.
Adjustable height seats are preferred, especially in hotels and residences. Alternative

systems such as bath chairs with the same features can be provided.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 71

C.8.3.7.5 Grab bars for showers

Grab bars shall conform to the general requirements of C.8.3.9 and the dimensions in

Figure C.97.

Accessible showers shall have horizontal grab bars on both the back wall and a

minimum of one side wall to assist in transferring.
The horizontal grab bars shall:
a) have a length of 750 mm to 900 mm;
b)

be mounted at a height of 700 mm to 850 mm from the floor level; and

c) be installed on both back and side walls.
A vertical grab bar shall also be provided for support.
The vertical bar shall have a length of 750 mm to 900 mm and shall be installed in

the side wall at a height of 800 mm.

Figure C.97

Grab bars for showers

C.8.3.8

Bathtubs

C.8.3.8.1 Position and clearances

Clearances in front of bathtubs shall be as shown in Figure C.98 and shall extend the

length of the bathtub. A sink may be provided at the control end of the clearance.

Where a permanent seat is provided at the head end of the bathtub, the clearance

shall extend a minimum of 300 mm beyond the wall at the head end of the bathtub

(see Figure C.98).

A permanent seat at the head end of the bathtub, or a removable in-tub seat, shall be

provided.

≥

800

≥

300

≥

800

Figure C.98 Grab bars for bathtub (modified figure based on 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, US

Department of Justice 2010, Figure 607.2)

(a) Removable in-tub seat

(b) Permanent seat

Key

01: Back wall

02: Control end wall

03: Head end wall

04: Length of bathtub

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 72

C.8.3.8.2 Grab bars for bathtubs with permanent seats

In addition to the general grab bar requirements of C.8.3.9, grab bars for bathtubs

with permanent seats shall conform to the following requirements.
a) Two grab bars shall be installed on the back wall, one located at 850 mm to

900 mm from the floor and the other located a minimum of 200 mm and a

maximum of 250 mm above the rim of the bathtub (see Figure C.99).

b) Each grab bar shall be installed a maximum of 400 mm from the head end wall

and a maximum 300 mm from the control end wall (see Figure C.99).

c) A grab bar of a minimum 600 mm in length shall be installed on the control end

wall at the front edge of the bathtub (see Figure C.99).

Figure C.99 Grab bars for bathtubs with permanent seats (modified figure based on 2010 ADA Standards for

Accessible Design, US Department of Justice 2010, Figure 607.4.1)

Key

01: Back wall

02: Control end wall

03: Head end wall

≥

600

≤

300

≤

400

C.8.3.8.3 Grab bars for bathtubs without permanent seats

In addition to the general grab bar requirements of C.8.3.9, grab bars for bathtubs

without permanent seats shall conform to the following requirements.
a) Two grab bars shall be installed on the back wall, one located 850 mm to 900 mm

from the floor and the other located a minimum of 200 mm and maximum of

250 mm above the rim of the bathtub (see Figure C.100).

b) Each grab bar shall be a minimum 600 mm in length and shall be installed not

more than 600 mm from the head end wall and not more than 300 mm from the

control end wall (see Figure C.100).

c) A grab bar of a minimum length of 600 mm shall be installed on the control end

wall at the front edge of the bathtub (see Figure C.100).

d) A grab bar of a minimum length of 300 mm shall be installed on the head end wall

at the front edge of the bathtub (see Figure C.100).

Figure C.100 Grab bars for bathtubs with removable seats (modified figure based on 2010 ADA Standards for

Accessible Design, US Department of Justice 2010, Figure 607.4.2)

Key

01: Back wall

02: Control end wall

03: Head end wall

≥

600

≤

600

≥

600

≥

300

≤

300

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 73

C.8.3.9

Grab bars

Grab bars shall conform to the following requirements.
a) Grab bars with circular cross-sections shall have an outside diameter of 30 mm

minimum and 50 mm maximum, as shown in Figure C.101(a).

b) Grab bars with non-circular cross-sections shall have a maximum cross-section

dimension of 50 mm and a perimeter dimension of 100 mm minimum and

160 mm maximum, as shown in Figure C.101(b) and Figure C.101(c).

Figure C.101 Grab bar cross-sections (modified figure based on 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, US

Department of Justice 2010, Figure 609.2.2)

Key

01: 100 mm to 160 mm perimeter

(a) Grab bar with circular cross

section

(b) Grab bar with non-circular

(square) cross-section

non-circular (oval)

cross-section

Grab bars shall be structurally stable and separated from the wall by a minimum

of 45 mm. They shall withstand a force of 1 kN in any direction.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 74

Key

01: Folding adult changing board

02: Waste bin

03: Urinal

04: Folding baby changing board

05: Emergency call bell

06: Toilet

07: Horizontal grab bars

08: Child sink

09: Adult sink

C.8.4

Family toilets

It is recommended that one family toilet is provided for each block of toilets.

A minimum of one family toilet shall be provided within 300 m of any part of the

building.

Family toilets shall be provided in malls, parks and amusement parks.
An accessible family toilet shall conform to the requirements specified for accessible

toilets and the following (see Figure C.102).

a) It shall contain folding changing boards for adults and babies that do not interfere

with any of the approaching manoeuvring and transfer spaces to the water closet

and the sink. The board usable area shall be at a height of 500 mm from the floor.

It shall contain a second sink for children at a height of 500 mm from the floor.

c) A clear manoeuvring space of a minimum 2,000 mm diameter shall be provided

that is free of obstacles.

d) In addition to the water closet, a urinal shall be provided with a usable height of

400 mm.

e) A full-length mirror shall be provided for ease of use by children.
f) An emergency call button shall be provided.

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 75

Figure C.103

Mounting heights for restroom accessories

(a) Controls and accessories

≥

400

≤

1,200

400-1,200

≤

1,050

≤

(b) Toilet dispensers

Key

01: Soap dispenser

02: Paper towel dispenser

03: Sanitary napkin dispenser

04: Hand dryer

05: Combined paper towel

dispenser and waste bin

06: Toilet paper dispenser

C.8.5

Controls and accessories

All controls and accessories shall conform to the following requirements.
a)

Fixtures shall have a reflectance contrast with the walls of a minimum

30 points LRV.

Flushing systems, which are operated by pressure or with a flush handle, shall be

located on the open side of the toilet. Controls shall have a surface operable with

only one hand, closed fist or elbow.

c) Controls and accessories shall be mounted at a height between 400 mm and

1,200 mm as shown in Figure C.103(a) and in accordance with the reach ranges

specified in C.5.7.

d) Dispensers located in toilet facilities for use by children shall align with the reach

ranges of children specified in C.5.7.3.

e) Toilet paper dispensers shall be a minimum 200 mm and maximum 250 mm from

the front of the water closet, measured to the centre line of the dispenser. The

outlet of a dispenser shall be a minimum 400 mm and maximum 1,200 mm above

the finish floor and shall not be located behind grab bars (see Figure C.103(b)).

Dispensers shall not be of a type that controls delivery or that does not allow

continuous paper flow.

f) Mirrors located above washbasins or countertops shall be installed with the

bottom edge of the reflecting surface a maximum 1,050 mm above the finish

floor or ground. Mirrors not located above washbasins or countertops shall be

installed with the bottom edge of the reflecting surface a maximum 900 mm

above the finish floor or ground (see Figure C.103(c)).

Dubai Building Code

Part C: Accessibility

C 76

≥

1,300

Ø1,500

900

Figure C.104

Accessible ablution sink

Key

01: Paper dispenser

02: Shower handset

03: Soap dispenser

04: Drainage grile/grate

05: Horizontal bars

06: Wash basin

C.8.6

Ablution areas

A minimum of one accessible ablution unit shall be available in each ablution area.

Accessible ablution units shall be provided either as an accessible sink or through a

clear approach to the ablution faucet.

In addition to the dimensions and characteristics of the accessible sink specified in

C.8.3.6, each ablution unit shall conform to Figure C.104 or Figure C.105 and the

following requirements.
a) It shall be linked to an accessible route and shall be the closest sink to the

entrance door.

b) Two horizontal grab bars shall be mounted each side of the ablution sink, between

850 mm and 900 mm above FFL. The grab bars shall have a support length equal

to the length of the sink.

c) A hand spray system and soap and paper dispensers shall be mounted within

reaching range of the sink. All accessories, including the bidet shower, should be

mounted between 700 mm and 1,200 mm above FFL.

Ablution drainage grates shall be levelled with floor finish with a maximum level

difference of 5mm.

Dubai Building Code (2021) - page 9