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S E C T I O N 3 2 . 6 • The RLC Circuit 1021 block–spring system is, from Equation 15.31, (32.30) Comparing Equations 32.29 and 32.30, we see that Q corresponds to the position x of Because the analytical solution of Equation 32.29 is cumbersome, we give only a qualitative description of the circuit behavior. In the simplest case, when R " 0, Equa- When R is small, a situation analogous to light damping in the mechanical oscilla- tor, the solution of Equation 32.29 is (32.31) where 1 d , the angular frequency at which the circuit oscillates, is given by (32.32) That is, the value of the charge on the capacitor undergoes a damped harmonic oscil- (so that the second term in the brackets is much smaller than the first), the frequency 1 d of the damped oscillator is close to that of the undamped oscillator, . Because I " dQ /dt, it follows that the current also 1/ √ LC √ 4L/C 1 d " & 1 LC # " R 2L # 2 ' 1/2 Q " Q
max e # Rt/2L cos 1 d t m d 2 x dt 2 , b dx dt , kx " 0 One-Dimensional Electric Circuit Mechanical System Charge Position Current Velocity Potential difference Force Resistance Viscous damping coefficient Capacitance (k " spring constant) Inductance Mass Current " time Velocity " time derivative of charge derivative of position Rate of change of Acceleration " current " second second time time derivative derivative of of charge position Energy in inductor Kinetic energy of moving object Energy in capacitor Potential energy stored in a spring Rate of energy loss Rate of energy loss due to resistance due to friction RLC circuit Damped object on a spring Analogies Between Electrical and Mechanical Systems Table 32.1 Q 4 x I 4 v x % V 4 F x R 4 b C 4 1/k L d 2 Q dt 2 , R dQ dt , Q C " 0 4 m d 2 x dt 2 , b dx dt , kx " 0 I 2 R 4 b
v
2 U C " 1 2
Q 2 C 4 U " 1 2
kx
2 U L " 1 2 LI 2 4 K " 1 2
mv
2
dI dt " d 2 Q dt 2
4
a x " dv x dt " d 2 x dt 2 I " dQ dt 4 v x " dx dt |