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S E C T I O N 9 . 3 • Collisions in One Dimension 265 Solving for v 1 A , we obtain To finalize this problem, note that we had to solve this problem in two steps. Each step involved a different system v 1 A ! # m 1 # m 2 m 1 $
√ 2gh Substituting the value of v B from Equation (1) into Equa- tion (2) gives This kinetic energy immediately after the collision is less We define the gravitational potential energy of the system for configuration " to be zero. Thus, U B ! 0 while U C ! (m 1 # m 2 )gh. Conservation of energy now leads to m 1 2 v 1 A 2 2(m 1 # m 2 ) # 0 ! 0 # (m 1 # m 2 )gh K B ! m 1 2 v 1 A 2 2(m 1 # m 2 ) Example 9.8 A Two-Body Collision with a Spring Multiplying Equation (2) by 1.60 kg gives us Adding Equations (1) and (3) allows us to find v 2f : Now, Equation (2) allows us to find v 1f : (B) During the collision, at the instant block 1 is moving to the right with a velocity of #3.00 m/s, as in Figure 9.12b, Solution Because the momentum of the system of two We choose the final instant to be that at which block 1 is m 1 v 1i # m 2 v 2i ! m 1 v 1f # m 2 v 2f "
3.38 m/s v 1f ! 6.50 m/s ! "v 1f # 3.12 m/s 3.12 m/s v 2f ! 11.55 kg)m/s 3.70 kg ! 11.55 kg)m/s ! (3.70 kg)v 2f (3) 10.4 kg)m/s ! "(1.60 kg)v 1f # (1.60 kg)v 2f A block of mass m 1 ! 1.60 kg initially moving to the right with a speed of 4.00 m/s on a frictionless horizontal track 2 ! 2.10 kg initially moving to the left with a speed of 2.50 m/s, as shown in Figure 9.12a. The spring constant is (A) Find the velocities of the two blocks after the collision. Solution Because the spring force is conservative, no ki- Equation 9.19 gives us (2) 6.50 m/s ! "
v 1f # v 2f 4.00 m/s " ("2.50 m/s) ! "v 1f # v 2f v 1i " v 2i ! " (v 1f " v 2f ) (1) 1.15 kg)m/s ! (1.60 kg)v 1f # (2.10 kg)v 2f ! (1.60 kg)v 1f # (2.10 kg)v 2f (1.60 kg)(4.00 m/s) # (2.10 kg)("2.50 m/s) m 1 v 1i # m 2 v 2i ! m 1 v 1f # m 2 v 2f Interactive x k v 1f
= (3.00iˆ) m/s v 2f m 1 m 2 m 1 m 2 k v 1i
= (4.00iˆ) m/s v 2i
= (–2.50iˆ) m/s (a) (b) Figure 9.12 (Example 9.8) A moving block approaches a second moving block that is attached to a spring. |