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the collision is called perfectly inelastic. When the colliding objects do not stick to- gether, but some kinetic energy is lost, as in the case of a rubber ball colliding with a inelastic (with no modifying adverb). When the rubber ball collides with the hard surface, some of the kinetic energy of the ball is lost In most collisions, the kinetic energy of the system is not conserved because some of the energy is converted to internal energy and some of it is transferred away by means In the remainder of this section, we treat collisions in one dimension and consider the two extreme cases—perfectly inelastic and elastic collisions. The important distinc- momentum of the system is con- served in all collisions, but kinetic energy of the system is conserved only in Perfectly Inelastic Collisions Consider two particles of masses m 1 and m 2 moving with initial velocities v 1i and v 2i along the same straight line, as shown in Figure 9.8. The two particles collide head-on, v f after the collision. Be- cause the momentum of an isolated system is conserved in any collision, we can say (9.13) Solving for the final velocity gives (9.14) Elastic Collisions Consider two particles of masses m 1 and m 2 moving with initial velocities v 1i and v 2i along the same straight line, as shown in Figure 9.9. The two particles collide head-on v 1f and v 2f . If the collision is elastic, both the momentum and kinetic energy of the system are conserved. Therefore, (9.15) (9.16) Because all velocities in Figure 9.9 are either to the left or the right, they can be repre- In a typical problem involving elastic collisions, there are two unknown quantities, and Equations 9.15 and 9.16 can be solved simultaneously to find these. An alternative and then factor both sides: (9.17) Next, let us separate the terms containing m 1 and m 2 in Equation 9.15 to obtain (9.18) m 1 (v 1i " v 1f ) ! m 2 (v 2f " v 2i ) m 1 (v 1i " v 1f )(v 1i # v 1f ) ! m 2 (v 2f " v 2i )(v 2f # v 2i ) m 1 (v 1i 2 " v 1f 2 ) ! m 2 (v 2f 2 " v 2i 2 ) 1 2 1 2 m 1 v 1i 2 # 1 2 m 2 v 2i 2 ! 1 2 m 1 v 1f 2 # 1 2 m 2 v 2f 2 m 1 v 1i # m 2 v 2i ! m 1 v 1f # m 2 v 2f v f ! m 1 v 1i # m 2 v 2i m 1 # m 2 m 1 v 1i # m 2 v 2i ! (m 1 # m 2 ) v f S E C T I O N 9 . 3 • Collisions in One Dimension 261 ▲ PITFALL PREVENTION 9.2 Inelastic Collisions Generally, inelastic collisions are m 1 m 2 v 1i Before collision v 2i v 1f v 2f After collision (a) (b) Active Figure 9.9 Schematic rep- resentation of an elastic head-on collision between two particles: (a) before collision and (b) after collision. At the Active Figures link at http://www.pse6.com, you can adjust the masses and velocities of the colliding ob- jects to see the effect on the final velocities. Before collision (a) m 1 m 2 v 1i v 2i After collision (b) v f m 1 + m 2 Active Figure 9.8 Schematic rep- resentation of a perfectly inelastic head-on collision between two particles: (a) before collision and (b) after collision. At the Active Figures link at http://www.pse6.com, you can adjust the masses and velocities of the colliding ob- jects to see the effect on the final velocity. |