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SECTION 7.9 • Energy and the Automobile 205 7.9 Energy and the Automobile Automobiles powered by gasoline engines are very inefficient machines. Even under Many mechanisms contribute to energy loss in an automobile. About 67% of the energy available from the fuel is lost in the engine. This energy ends up in the atmos- Let us examine the power required to provide a force in the forward direction that balances the combination of the two friction forces. The coefficient of rolling friction between the tires and the road is about 0.016. For a 1 450-kg car, the weight is 14 200 N and on a horizontal roadway the force of rolling friction has a magnitude of n # .mg # 227 N. As the car’s speed increases, a small reduction in the normal force Figure 7.19 (Example 7.12) (a) The motor exerts an upward force T on the elevator car. The magnitude of this force is the tension T in the cable connecting the car and motor. The down- ward forces acting on the car are a friction force f and the gravi- tational force F g # M g. (b) The free-body diagram for the ele- vator car. Motor T f M g + (a) (b) Using Equation 7.23 and the fact that T is in the same direc- tion as v, we find that (B) What power must the motor deliver at the instant the speed of the elevator is v if the motor is designed to provide 2 ? Solution We expect to obtain a value greater than we did in Therefore, using Equation 7.23, we obtain for the required where v is the instantaneous speed of the car in meters per This is larger than the power found in part (A), as we expect. ! # (2.34 * 10 4 N)(3.00 m/s) # 7.02 * 10 4 W (2.34 * 10 4 N)v ! # Tv # # 2.34 * 10 4 N ) 4.00 * 10 3 N # (1.80 * 10 3 kg)(1.00 m/s 2 ) 9.80 m/s 2 ) T # M(a ) g) ) f #
F y # T & f & Mg # Ma 6.48 * 10 4 W # (2.16 * 10 4 N)(3.00 m/s) # ! # T ! v # Tv |