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SECTION 7.7 • Situations Involving Kinetic Friction 201 Quick Quiz 7.11 You are traveling along a freeway at 65 mi/h. Your car has kinetic energy. You suddenly skid to a stop because of congestion in traffic. Where is Example 7.9 A Block Pulled on a Rough Surface A 6.0-kg block initially at rest is pulled to the right along a (A) Find the speed of the block after it has moved 3.0 m if the surfaces in contact have a coefficient of kinetic friction Solution Conceptualize this problem by realizing that the block, and neither of these vertically acting forces does In this case we must use Equation 7.21a to calculate the ki- friction . Because the block is in equilibrium in the vertical direction, the n counterbalances the gravitational force m g, so we have n # mg. Hence, the magnitude of the fric- tion force is The change in kinetic energy of the block due to friction is " K friction # & f k d # &(8.82
N)(3.0
m) # &26.5
J f k # . k n # . k mg # (0.15)(6.0 kg)(9.80 m/s 2 ) # 8.82 N W # F "x # (12 N)(3.0 m) # 36
J Interactive (7.21a) or (7.21b) Now consider the larger system of the book and the surface as the book slows down under the influence of a friction force alone. There is no work done across the boundary The change in kinetic energy of this book-plus-surface system is the same as the change (7.22) Thus, the increase in internal energy of the system is equal to the product of the fric- The conclusion of this discussion is that the result of a friction force is to trans- form kinetic energy into internal energy, and the increase in internal energy is " E int # f k d & f k d ) "E int # 0 " E system # " K ) "E int # 0 K f # K i & f k
d ) # W other forces " K # &f k
d ) # W other forces Change in internal energy due to friction |