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may have linear or quadratic variations with level crossing rate See level-1 cache in systems with two separate sets of cache memory between the CPU and level-2 cache in systems with two sepa- rate sets of cache memory between the CPU level-sensitive pertaining to a bistable de- vice that uses the level of a positive or nega- level-triggered See Levenshtein distance See LFSR See linear-feedback shift register Liapunoff See Liapunov See Lichtenburg figure a pattern produced on a powder-coated flat electrode or upon photo- lid the fuse-holder portion of a cut-out. Lie derivative one of three types of spe- cial derivatives. 1. The derivative of a vector field with respect to a vector field that is also known , g : R n → R n are two differentiable vector fields, then their Lie [f, g] = ∂f ∂x g − ∂g f , where ∂f ∂x and ∂g ∂x are the Jacobian matrices of the vector fields f and g, respectively. Often 2. The derivative of a function h with re- spect to a vector field f defined as L f h = h∇h, fi = (∇h) T f , where ∇h : R n → R n is the gradient of h. 3. The derivative of dh = (∇h) T with respect to the vector field, L f (dh) = ∂∇h ∂x f T + (∇h) T ∂f ∂x . See also lifetime broadening a spectral line broad- ening mechanism that is a consequence of LIFO See lift-off process a lithographic process by which the pattern transfer takes place by coat- light emitting diode (LED) a forward- biased p-n junction that emits light through light guide system of lenses, mirrors, graded index, or graded gain media that has c 2000 by CRC Press LLC |