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S E C T I O N 3 9 . 4 • Consequences of the Special Theory of Relativity 1261 An astronaut takes a trip to Sirius, which is located a Solution The distance of 8 ly represents the proper length contracted to Thus, the travel time measured on her clock is Note that we have used the value for the speed of light as ' t ! d ! 5 ly 0.8c ! 6 yr 8 ly * ! (8 ly) √ 1 # v 2 c
2 ! (8 ly) √ 1 # (0.8c) 2 c
2 ! 5 ly Example 39.5 A Voyage to Sirius for each end of the moving pole. These world-lines are 9.9 m Figure 39.13b shows the space–time graph according to the runner. Here, the world-lines for the pole are separated by From the ground observer’s point of view, the time at which the trailing end of the pole enters the barn is found ' t ! t # 0 ! t ! ' x v ! 9.9 m 0.75c ! 13.2 m c Thus, the pole should be completely inside the barn at a From the runner’s point of view, the time at which the leading end of the pole leaves the barn is found from leading to ct ! 8.8 m. This is consistent with the point on This gives ct ! 20 m, which agrees with the instant shown in ' t ! t # 0 ! t ! ' x v ! 15 m ! 20 m c ' t ! t # 0 ! t ! ' x v ! 6.6 m 0.75c ! 8.8 m c 10 20 ct (m) Front door Back door Pole is entirely in barn Leading end of pole Trailing end of pole –10 0 10 x (m) (a) Front door arrives at trailing end of pole Trailing end of pole Leading end of pole Back door Front door 10 20 10 –10 0 Back door arrives at leading end of pole x (m) (b) ct (m) Figure 39.13 (Example 39.4) Space–time graphs for the pole-in-the-barn paradox. (a) From the ground observer’s point of view, the world-lines for the front and back doors of the barn are vertical lines. The world-lines for the ends of the pole are tilted and are 9.9 m apart horizontally. The front door of the barn is at x ! 0, and the leading end of the pole enters the front door at t ! 0. The entire pole is inside the barn at the time indicated by the dashed line. (b) From the runner’s point of view, the world-lines for the ends of the pole are vertical. The barn is moving in the negative direction, so the world-lines for the front and back doors are tilted to the left. The leading end of the pole exits the back door before the trailing end arrives at the front door. Investigate the pole-in-the-barn paradox at the Interactive Worked Example link at http://www.pse6.com. |