S E C T I O N 3 8 . 4 • The Diffraction Grating
1221
(a) the screen is moved to a distance 2L from the grating (b) the screen is moved to
a distance L/2 from the grating (c) the grating is replaced with one of slit spacing 2d
(d) the grating is replaced with one of slit spacing d/2 (e) nothing is changed.
Conceptual Example 38.6 A Compact Disc Is a Diffraction Grating
Light reflected from the surface of a compact disc is multicol-
ored, as shown in Figure 38.20. The colors and their intensi-
ties depend on the orientation of the disc relative to the eye
and relative to the light source. Explain how this works.
Solution The surface of a compact disc has a spiral grooved
track (with adjacent grooves having a separation on the
order of 1 /m). Thus, the surface acts as a reflection grating.
The light reflecting from the regions between these closely
spaced grooves interferes constructively only in certain direc-
tions that depend on the wavelength and on the direction of
the incident light. Any section of the disc serves as a diffrac-
tion grating for white light, sending different colors in differ-
ent directions. The different colors you see when viewing
one section change as the light source, the disc, or you move
to change the angles of incidence or diffraction.
Figure 38.20 (Conceptual Example 38.6) A compact disc
observed under white light. The colors observed in the
reflected light and their intensities depend on the orientation
of the disc relative to the eye and relative to the light source.
©
Kristen Brochmann/Fundamental Photographs
Example 38.7 The Orders of a Diffraction Grating
Monochromatic light from a helium–neon laser (% "
632.8 nm) is incident normally on a diffraction grating con-
taining 6 000 grooves per centimeter. Find the angles at
which the first- and second-order maxima are observed.
Solution First, we must calculate the slit separation, which
is equal to the inverse of the number of grooves per
centimeter:
For the first-order maximum (m " 1), we obtain
22.311
!
1
"
sin !
1
"
%
d
"
632.8 nm
1 667 nm
"
0.379 6
d "
1
6 000
cm " 1.667 & 10
'
4
cm " 1 667 nm
For the second-order maximum (m " 2), we find
What If?
What if we look for the third-order maximum? Do
we find it?
Answer For m " 3, we find sin !
3
"
1.139. Because sin!
cannot exceed unity, this does not represent a realistic solu-
tion. Hence, only zeroth-, first-, and second-order maxima
are observed for this situation.
49.391
!
2
"
sin !
2
"
2%
d
"
2(632.8 nm)
1 667 nm
"
0.759 2
Investigate the interference pattern from a diffraction grating at the Interactive Worked Example link at http://www.pse6.com.
Resolving Power of the Diffraction Grating
The diffraction grating is useful for measuring wavelengths accurately. Like the prism,
the diffraction grating can be used to separate white light into its wavelength compo-
nents. Of the two devices, a grating with very small slit separation is more precise if one
wants to distinguish two closely spaced wavelengths.
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