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S E C T I O N 3 6 . 2 • Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors 1137 Example 36.4 The Image formed by a Concave Mirror image. In this case, the mirror equation gives The image is virtual because it is located behind the mirror, The image is twice as large as the object, and the positive sign What If? Suppose you set up the candle and mirror appara- tus illustrated in Figure 36.15a and described in part (A) of p . How fast does the image of the candle move? Answer We solve the mirror equation, Equation 36.6, for q: Differentiating this equation with respect to time gives us q " dq/dt: For the object position of 25.0 cm in part (A), the velocity of Thus, the speed of the image is less than that of the object We can see two interesting behaviors of this function for v q . First, note that the velocity is negative regardless of the value of p or f. Thus, if the object moves toward the mirror, the q approaches $ v p . As the object moves very close to the mirror, the mirror looks like a plane mirror, v q " $ f 2
v p (p $ f ) 2 " $ (10.0 cm) 2
v p (25.0 cm $ 10.0 cm) 2 " $ 0.444
v p v q " dq dt " d dt
$ f
p p $ f % " $ f
2 (p $ f ) 2
dp dt " $ f
2 v p (p $ f ) 2 q " f
p p $ f M " $ q " $ $ $ 10.0 cm 5.00 cm % " & 2.00 $ 10.0 cm q " 1 5.00 cm & 1 q " 1 10.0 cm Assume that a certain spherical mirror has a focal length of 10.0 cm. Locate and describe the image for object distances of (A) 25.0 cm, (B) 10.0 cm, and (C) 5.00 cm. Solution Because the focal length is positive, we know that (A) This situation is analogous to that in Figure 36.15a; The magnification of the image is given by Equation 36.2: The fact that the absolute value of M is less than unity tells us (B) When the object distance is 10.0 cm, the object is which means that rays originating from an object positioned at (C) When the object is at p " 5.00 cm, it lies halfway ' q " 1 10.0 cm & 1 q " 1 10.0 cm $ 0.668 M " $ q " $ 16.7 cm " 16.7 cm q " 1 25.0 cm & 1 q " 1 10.0 cm
1 & 1 q " 1 f
Investigate the image formed for various object positions and mirror focal lengths at the Interactive Worked Example link Interactive Example 36.5 The Image from a Convex Mirror (B) the magnification of the image. Solution (A) This situation is depicted in Figure 36.15c. An anti-shoplifting mirror, as shown in Figure 36.17, shows (A) the position of her image and Interactive |