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metallic plates immersed in silicone oil (Fig. 26.17b). Small capacitors are often con- Often, an electrolytic capacitor is used to store large amounts of charge at relatively low voltages. This device, shown in Figure 26.17c, consists of a metallic foil in contact with Electrolytic capacitors are not reversible as are many other capacitors—they have a polarity, which is indicated by positive and negative signs marked on the device. When Variable capacitors (typically 10 to 500 pF) usually consist of two interwoven sets of metallic plates, one fixed and the other movable, and contain air as the dielectric (Fig. SECTION 26.5 • Capacitors with Dielectrics 813 Metal foil Paper Plates Oil Electrolyte Case Metallic foil + oxide layer Contacts (a) (b) (c) Figure 26.17 Three commercial capacitor designs. (a) A tubular capacitor, whose plates are separated by paper and then rolled into a cylinder. (b) A high-voltage capacitor consisting of many parallel plates separated by insulating oil. (c) An electrolytic capacitor. Figure 26.18 A variable capacitor. When one set of metal plates is rotated so as to lie between a fixed set of plates, the capacitance of the device changes. George Semple Quick Quiz 26.8 If you have ever tried to hang a picture or a mirror, you know it can be difficult to locate a wooden stud in which to anchor your nail or screw. Capacitor plates Stud-finder Wall board Stud (b) (a) Figure 26.19 (Quick Quiz 26.8) A stud-finder. (a) The materials between the plates of the capacitor are the wallboard and air. (b) When the capacitor moves across a stud in the wall, the materials between the plates are the wallboard and the wood. The change in the dielectric constant causes a signal light to illuminate. |