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S E C T I O N 1 4 . 4 • Buoyant Forces and Archimedes’s Principle 429 B F g Active Figure 14.10 An object floating on the surface of a fluid experiences two forces, the gravita- tional force F g and the buoyant force B. Because the object floats in equilibrium, B ! F g . At the Active Figures link at http://www.pse6.com, you can change the densities of the object and the fluid. Quick Quiz 14.5 An apple is held completely submerged just below the sur- face of a container of water. The apple is then moved to a deeper point in the water. Com- Quick Quiz 14.6 A glass of water contains a single floating ice cube (Fig. 14.11). When the ice melts, does the water level (a) go up (b) go down (c) remain the Figure 14.11 (Quick Quiz 14.6) An ice cube floats on the surface of water. What hap- pens to the water level as the ice cube melts? Quick Quiz 14.7 You are shipwrecked and floating in the middle of the ocean on a raft. Your cargo on the raft includes a treasure chest full of gold that you Example 14.5 Eureka! suspended in air, the scale reads the true weight T 1 ! F g (ne- glecting the buoyancy of air). When it is immersed in water, B reduces the scale reading to an apparent weight of T 2 ! F g & B. Because the crown is in equilibrium, the net force on it is zero. When the crown is in water, so that Because this buoyant force is equal in magnitude to the w gV w ! 1.00 N, where V w is the volume of the displaced water and $ w is its B ! F g & T 2 ! 7.84 N & 6.84 N ! 1.00 N $
F ! B % T 2 & F g ! 0 Archimedes supposedly was asked to determine whether a Solution Figure 14.12 helps us to conceptualize the prob- This equation tells us that the fraction of the volume of a floating object that is be- low the fluid surface is equal to the ratio of the density of the object to that of Under normal conditions, the weight of a fish is slightly greater than the buoyant force due to water. It follows that the fish would sink if it did not have some mechanism |