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14.6 Bernoulli’s Equation You have probably had the experience of driving on a highway and having a large As a fluid moves through a region where its speed and/or elevation above the Earth’s surface changes, the pressure in the fluid varies with these changes. The relationship be- 1 , which is the length of the blue shaded portion at the left. Mean- while, the right end of the segment moves to the right through a distance 'x 2 , which is the length of the blue shaded portion (portion 2) at the upper right of Figure 14.19. S E C T I O N 1 4 . 6 • Bernoulli’s Equation 433 Example 14.7 Niagara Falls The flow rate of 5 525 m 3 /s is equal to Av. This gives Note that we have kept only one significant figure because 4 m/s v ! 5 525 m 3 /s A ! 5 525 m 3 /s 1 340 m 2 ! Each second, 5 525 m 3 of water flows over the 670-m-wide cliff of the Horseshoe Falls portion of Niagara Falls. The wa- Solution The cross-sectional area of the water as it reaches 2 . Example 14.8 Watering a Garden component of the water projected from the hose, and the We now shift our thinking away from fluids and to projectile In the horizontal direction, we apply Equation 2.12 with x ! 0 to a particle of water to find the horizontal distance: 4.52 m x f ! x i % v xi t ! 0 % (10.0 m/s)(0.452 s) ! t ! √ 2(1.00 m) 9.80 m/s 2 ! 0.452 s & 1.00 m ! 0 % 0 & 1 2 (9.80 m/s 2 )t 2 y f ! y i % v yi t & 1 2 gt 2 ! 10.0 m/s v xi ! 4.91 cm 2 0.500 cm 2
(1.02 m/s) A 1 v 1 ! A 2 v
2 ! A 2 v xi 9: v xi ! A 1 A 2
v 1 A water hose 2.50 cm in diameter is used by a gardener 2 is then attached to the hose. The nozzle is held so that water is projected horizontally Solution We identify point 1 within the hose and point 2 at According to the data given, the volume flow rate is equal to Now we use the continuity equation for fluids to find the 2 ! v xi with which the water exits the nozzle. The subscript i anticipates that this will be the initial velocity v 1 ! 500 cm 3 /s A 1 ! 500 cm 3 /s 4.91 cm 2 ! 102 cm/s ! 1.02 m/s A 1 v 1 ! 30.0 L/min ! 30.0 " 10 3 cm 3 60.0 s ! 500 cm 3 /s A 1 ! # r 2 ! #
d 2 4 ! #
" (2.50 cm) 2 4 # ! 4.91 cm 2 ∆x 1 ∆x 2 v 2 y 2 y 1 P 1 A 1 i v 1 –P 2 A 2 i Point 2 Point 1 ˆ ˆ Figure 14.19 A fluid in laminar flow through a constricted pipe. The volume of the shaded portion on the left is equal to the volume of the shaded portion on the right. |