ward to reach the receiving antennas, thereby
providing tropospheric scatter propagation.
trouble ticket
a complaint made by a cus-
tomer regarding service.
Its origins trace
back to a paper work request which was given
to the service representative.
true complement
in a system that uses
binary (base 2) data negative numbers, the
true complement can be represented as 1’s
complement of the positive number. This is
also called a radix complement.
true concurrency
See
concurrency
.
Compare with
apparent concurrency
.
true data dependency
the situation be-
tween two sequential instructions in a pro-
gram when the first instruction produces a
result that is used as an input operand by the
second instruction. To obtain the desired re-
sult, the second instruction must not read the
location that will hold the result until the first
has written its results to the location. Also
called a read-after-write dependency and a
flow dependency.
true efficiency
See
total efficiency
.
truncation
for a function
x(t), truncation
is another function, usually denoted
x
T
(t),
defined as follows:
x
T
(t) =
x(t) t ≤ T
0
t > T
See also
extended space
.
truncation error
when numerically solv-
ing the differential equations associated with
electrical circuits, approximation techniques
are used. The errors associated with the use
of these methods are termed truncation error.
Controlling the local and global truncation
errors is an important part of a circuit simu-
lator’s task. Limits on these errors are often
given by the user of the program.
trunk
a communication line between two
switching nodes.
truth model
a very detailed mathemati-
cal description of a process to be controlled.
The truth model is also called the simulation
model, since it is used in simulation studies
of the process. See also
design model
.
truth table
a listing of the relationship of
a circuit’s output that is produced for various
combinations of logic levels at the inputs.
TS fuzzy model
See
Takagi–Sugeno–
Kang fuzzy model
.
TSK fuzzy model
See
Takagi–Sugeno–
Kang fuzzy model
.
TTE
See
triple transit echo
.
TTL
See
transistor–transistor logic
.
tube leak
a crippling mishap in a steam
power plant. High-pressure steam leaks from
a cracked boiler tube with sufficient energy
to cut adjacent tubes.
tunable laser
laser in which the oscil-
lation frequency can be tuned over a wide
range.
tuned-circuit oscillators
See
LC-oscilla-
tor
.
tuner
a circuit or device that may be set
to select one signal from a number of signals
in a frequency band.
tuning elements
generally lossless ele-
ments (probes, screw, etc.)
of adjustable
penetration extending through the wall of the
waveguide or cavity resonator. By changing
their position the reflection coefficient is ad-
justing. See also
matching elements
.
tunnel diode
a PN diode structure that
uses band to band tunneling to produce a
terminal negative differential resistance, also
called an Esaki diode after its inventor L.
Esaki.
c
2000 by CRC Press LLC