D
d axis
See
direct axis
.
D flip-flop
a basic sequential logic cir-
cuit, also known as bistable, whose output
assumes the value (0 or 1) at its D input when
the device is clocked. Hence it can be used as
a single bit memory device, or a unit delay.
D’Arsenval meter
a permanent-magnet
moving-coil instrument with a horseshoe
form magnet. It measures direct current only.
D-TDMA
See
dynamic time division
multiple access
.
D/A
See
digital-to-analog converter
.
DAC
See
digital-to-analog converter
.
Dahlin’s method
a synthesis procedure
for finding a digital control law that will pro-
duce a defined closed loop behavior for a
given process, when it is controlled in a feed-
back configuration. The synthesis equation
is
k(z) =
1
− e
−T /λ
z
−N−1
1
− e
−T /λ
z
−1
− 1 − e
−T /λ
z
−N−1
×
1
g(z)
where
k(z) is the pulse transfer function for
the synthesized controller,
T is the sampling
time of the digital control loop,
λ is the time
constant specified for the closed loop system,
NT is the process deadtime, and g(z) is the
pulse transfer function for the process.
daisy chain
(1) a type of connection when
devices are connected in series.
(2) a hardware configuration where a sig-
nal passes through several devices. A signal
will be passed through a device if that de-
vice is not requesting service, or not passed
through if the device is requesting service.
(3) an interrupt-prioritizing scheme in
which the interrupt acknowledge signal from
the CPU is connected in series through all
devices. A shared interrupt-request line con-
nects all devices to the CPU with a single
common line. When one (or several) devices
activates its request line, the CPU will (af-
ter some delay) respond with an acknowl-
edge to the first device. If this device did re-
quest an interrupt, it will be serviced by the
CPU. However, if the device did not request
an interrupt, the acknowledge is just passed
through to the next device in the daisy chain.
This process is repeated until the acknowl-
edge signal has passed through all the con-
nected devices on this chain. The scheme
implements prioritized service of interrupts
by the way the devices are electrically con-
nected in the daisy chain: the closer a device
is to the CPU, the higher its priority.
A more general case exists where several
daisy chains are used to form priority groups,
where each chain has a unique priority. The
CPU will service interrupts starting with the
daisy chain having the highest priority. In
this scheme, any device may be connected to
more than one priority group (chain), using
the interrupt priority level appropriate for the
particular service needed at this moment.
DAMA protocol
See
demand assign
multiple access protocol
.
damage
the failure pattern of an electronic
or mechanical product.
damped sinusoid
a sinusoidal signal mul-
tiplied by a decaying. An example is
x(t) =
10
e
−3t
cos(10t).
damper winding
an uninsulated wind-
ing, embedded in the pole shoes of a syn-
chronous machine, that includes several cop-
per bars short-circuited by conducting rings
at the ends, used to reduce speed fluctuation
c
2000 by CRC Press LLC