lope (carrier). The noise figure of receiver
is a measure of the amount of noise that will
be added to the signal (carrier and TV signal)
by the receiver. If the receiver adds too much
noise, the result will be a snowy picture on
the TV screen.
dBW
ratio of the signal power in watts
(
p
watts
) to a 1 W reference power, expressed
in decibels referenced to 1 W (dBW). Thus
1 watt signal power is equal to 0 dBW, and
−30 dBW is equal to 0 dBm.
P
dBW
= 10 log
10
p
watts
1
· Watt
DC
direct current. See
DC current
,
DC
voltage
.
DC block
A circuit simulation component
that behaves like a capacitor of infinite value.
DC chopper
a DC to DC converter that
reduces the voltage level by delivering pulses
of constant voltage to the load. The average
output is equal to the input times the duty
cycle of the switching element.
DC circuit
electrical networks in which
the voltage polarity and directions of current
flow remain fixed. Thus such networks con-
tain direct currents as opposed to alternating
currents, thereby giving rise to the term.
DC current
constant current with no vari-
ation over time. This can be considered in
general terms as an alternating current (AC)
with a frequency of variation of zero, or a
zero frequency signal. For microwave sys-
tems, DC currents are provided by batteries
or AC/DC converters required to “bias” tran-
sistors to a region of operation where they
will either amplify, mix or frequency trans-
late, or generate (oscillators) microwave en-
ergy.
DC drain conductance
for an FET device
under DC bias, the slope of the output drain
to source current (
I
DS
) versus output drain
to source voltage (
V
DS
) for a fixed gate to
source voltage (
V
GS
), expressed in siemens.
g
d
=
∂I
DS
∂V
DS
V
GS
=
constant
DC generator commutator exciter
a
source of energy for the field winding of a
synchronous machine derived from a direct
current generator. The direct current gen-
erator may be driven by an external motor,
a prime mover, or by the shaft of the syn-
chronous machine.
DC input power
the total DC or bias
power dissipated in a circuit, which is usually
dependent on signal amplitudes, expressed
in watts. This may include input bias, bias
filtering, regulators, control circuits, switch-
ing power supplies and any other circuitry
required by the actual circuit. These con-
siderations should be explicitly specified, as
they will affect how efficiency calculations
are performed.
DC link
the coupling between the rectifier
and inverter in a variable speed AC drive.
DC link capacitor
a device used on the
output of a rectifier to create an approxi-
mately constant DC voltage for the input to
the inverter of a variable speed AC drive.
DC link inductor
an inductor used on the
output of a controlled rectifier in AC current
source drives to provide filtering of the input
current to the current source inverter. If used
in conjunction with a capacitor, then it is used
as a filter in voltage source drives.
DC load flow
a fast method of estimating
power flows in an electric power system in
which the problem is reduced to a DC circuit,
with line impedances modeled as resistances
and all generator bus voltages presumed to
remain at their nominal values.
DC machine
an electromechanical (rotat-
ing) machine in which the field winding is on
c
2000 by CRC Press LLC