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complex amplitude transmittance complex beam parameter See complex envelope a low-pass complex valued signal used to represent a real band- ω c by multiplying the analytic sig- nal by e −jω c t . complex exponential signal a signal of the form x(t) = C exp jωt, where C is a constant and ω is the frequency in radians per second. complex frequency a complex number used to characterize exponential and damped s corresponding to a motion whose amplitude Ae st , where A is a constant and t is time, and s = σ + jω where σ is the real part of s and ω is the imaginary part of s. ω is also known as the real angular frequency. complex instruction set computer (CISC) a processor with a large quantity of instruc- tions, some of which may be quite compli- A CISC processor usually has a relatively complicated control unit. Most CISC pro- One of the benefits of a CISC is that the code tends to be very compact. When mem- See also instruction set computer processor complex number a number consisting of a real part and an imaginary part, usually a +bi, where the “i” is used to distinguish that b represents the com- plex part of the number. i is mathematically defined as the positive root of −1. complex power a complex number that represents electric power flow for an AC cir- P in watts and its imaginary part is reactive power Q in reac- tive volt-amperes. When expressed in polar S in volt-amperes and its angle is the power fac- complex process (system) term used rather colloquially to denote controlled pro- 1. The process is large in a physical sense — it occupies large space and there are large 2. The model of the process is compli- cated and involves many variables, in partic- 3. The process is composed of several in- teracting subprocesses and there are identifi- 4. The control problem is seen as compli- cated due to the nature of the control objec- c 2000 by CRC Press LLC |