common emitter amplifier
a single-
transistor BJT amplifier in which the input
signal is applied to the base terminal, the out-
put is taken from the collector terminal, and
the emitter terminal is connected to a constant
voltage.
common gate amplifier
a single-
transistor FET amplifier in which the input
signal is applied to the source terminal, the
output is taken from the drain terminal, and
the gate terminal is connected to a constant
voltage.
common mode gain
for a differential
amplifier, the ratio of the output signal am-
plitude to the amplitude of a signal applied
to both the amplifier input terminals (in com-
mon). For an ideal differential amplifier, the
common mode gain would be zero; the devi-
ation of a real differential amplifier from the
ideal is characterized by the common mode
rejection ratio (CMRR).
common mode noise
undesired electri-
cal signals in lines that are equal in amplitude
and phase with respect to a reference ground.
Common mode voltages and currents can be
generated by power electronic switching cir-
cuits and can interfere with control or other
electronic equipment. Common mode cur-
rents will also sum into neutrals and ground-
ing conductors, which may cause sensitive
fault current detection relays to trip.
common mode rejection ratio (CMRR)
a measure of quality of an amplifier with dif-
ferential inputs, defined as the ratio between
the common-mode gain and the differential
gain.
common source amplifier
a single-
transistor FET amplifier in which the input
signal is applied to the gate terminal, the out-
put is taken from the drain terminal, and the
source terminal is connected to a constant
voltage.
common-channel interoffice signaling
the use of a special network, dedicated to sig-
naling, to establish a path through a commu-
nication network, which is dedicated to the
transfer of user information.
common-mode coupling
pick-up from
an electromagnetic field that induces a
change in potential on both signal leads of
equal magnitude and phase relative to the
ground reference potential.
communication link
a point-to-point
communication system that typically in-
volves a single information source and a sin-
gle user. This is in contrast to a communica-
tions network, which usually involves many
sources and many users.
communication theory
See
information
theory
.
community-antenna television (CATV)
a television receiving and distribution system
in which signals from television stations and
sometimes FM stations are received by anten-
nas, amplified, and then distributed to com-
munity subscribers via coaxial or fiber-optic
cable. The system is known as cable TV.
commutating inductance
in switched
circuits (converters, inverters, etc.), the in-
ductance that is in series with the switching
elements during the process of commutation
from one topological state to another. This
inductance results in noninstantaneous com-
mutation due to the fact that current in an
inductor cannot change instantaneously.
commutating pole
See
interpole
.
commutating winding
See
interpole
.
commutation
the process by which al-
ternating current in the rotating coil of a DC
machine is converted to unidirectional cur-
rent. Commutation is accomplished via a
set of stationary electrical contacts (brushes)
sliding over multiple, shaft-mounted electri-
c
2000 by CRC Press LLC