anti-plugging
a feature to prevent a mo-
tor from reversing direction directly across
the line. The purpose of the anti-plugging
coil and contact is to prevent the motor from
starting in the opposite direction until the
speed has slowed enough where the current
and torque surges are within acceptable lev-
els when changing direction.
anti-Stokes scattering
the scattering of
light accompanied by a shift to higher fre-
quencies. Contrast with
Stokes Law of light
scattering
.
antialiasing filter
typically, a filter that
provides a prefiltering operation to ensure
that the frequency components of a signal
above the Nyquist frequency are sufficiently
attenuated so that, when aliased, they will
cause a negligible distortion to the sampled
signal. See also
aliasing
,
Nyquist frequency
.
anticollision radar
a type of radar, gen-
erally operating in the millimeter wave fre-
quency range, used to prevent collision be-
tween moving vehicles.
anticomet tail (ACT)
a special type of
electron gun designed to handle highlights
by increasing beam current with a defocused
beam during line retrace.
antidependency
a potential conflict be-
tween two instructions when the second in-
struction alters an operand which is read by
the first instruction. For correct results, the
first instruction must read the operand before
the second alters it. Also called a write-after-
read hazard.
antidots
regions of repulsive potential,
but which are configured so that particles
(usually electrons) can pass around the poten-
tial and proceed past it. In the limiting case,
a repulsive Coulomb potential is the simplest
antidot structure.
antiferromagnetic
materials in which the
internal magnetic moments line up antiparal-
lel, resulting in permeabilities slightly greater
than unity; unlike paramagnetic substances,
these materials exhibit hysteresis and have a
Curie temperature. Examples include man-
ganese oxide, nickel oxide, and ferrous sul-
fide.
antifuse
a fuse-like device that when ac-
tivated becomes low-impedance.
antiparticle
a particle having the same
mass as a given fundamental particle, but
whose other properties, while having the
same magnitude, may be of opposite sign.
Each particle has a partner called an antipar-
ticle. For example, electrical charge in the
case of the electron and positron, magnetic
moment in the case of the neutron and an-
tineutron. On collision a particle and its an-
tiparticle may mutually annihilate with the
emission of radiation. Some properties of
the antiparticle will be identical in magni-
tude but opposite in sign to the particle it is
paired with.
antipodal
symmetry created by simulta-
neously mirroring an object in both the X and
Y axes.
antiproton
antiparticle to the proton. It
is a strongly interacting baryon carrying unit
negative charge. It has mass of 938 MeV and
carries spin 1/2.
antireflection coating
See
antireflective
coating
.
antireflective coating (ARC)
a coating
placed on top or below the layer of pho-
toresist to reduce the reflection of light, and
hence reduce the detrimental effects of stand-
ing waves or thin film interference.
AOA
See
angle of arrival
.
AOTF
See
acousto-optic tunable filter
.
APART/PADE
a computer code for anal-
ysis of stray light in optical systems devel-
c
2000 by CRC Press LLC