Volvo S90 Twin Engine (2019 year). Instruction - part 26

General information about Twin Engine
(p. 408)

•

Transmission (p. 440)

Drive systems

Volvo Twin Engine combines a combustion
engine for the front wheels and an electric motor
for the rear wheels.

Two drive systems

Depending on the selected drive mode and
power available in the electric motor, the drive
systems can either be used separately or in tan-
dem.

The electric motor gets its energy from a hybrid
battery located under the tunnel console. The
hybrid can be charged from a wall outlet or in a
special charging station. The combustion engine
can also charge the hybrid battery using a special
high-voltage generator.

Both the combustion engine and the electric
motor can generate power directly to the wheels.
An advanced control system coordinates both the
drive systems to help optimize driving economy.

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445

Hybrid battery - The hybrid battery's function
is to store electrical current. This energy is
provided by plugging the charging cable into
an electrical outlet, through regenerative
braking or from the high-voltage generator.
This provides current to power the electric
motor and to temporarily power the electrical
air conditioning to precondition the passen-
ger compartment.
Combustion engine - The combustion engine
starts when the charge level in the hybrid
battery is too low to provide the power output
requested by the driver.
High-voltage generator

- Charges the hybrid

battery. Starter for the combustion engine.

Can provide the combustion engine with
extra electrical current.
Electric motor - Powers the vehicle using
electricity. Can provide extra torque and
power during acceleration. Provides electrical
all-wheel drive functionality. Regenerates
braking energy into electrical current.

Related information

•

•

Starting and stopping the combustion engine
in Twin Engine vehicles (p. 445)

•

Factors affecting electric motor range
(p. 455)

•

Transmission (p. 440)

•

Starting and stopping the

combustion engine in Twin Engine

vehicles

An advanced control system determines the dis-
tance that the vehicle can be driven on the com-
bustion engine, electric motor, or both at the
same time. When driving on only the electric
motor, the vehicle may automatically start the
combustion engine due to outside circumstan-
ces, e.g. low ambient temperatures. This is com-
pletely normal. The combustion engine will also
always start when the hybrid battery is nearly
fully discharged.

Climate settings at low temperatures

At low ambient temperatures, the combustion
engine will sometimes start automatically to help
achieve the desired passenger compartment
temperature and air quality. The amount of time
the combustion engine is running can be affec-
ted by:

•

lowering the temperature

•

reducing blower speed

•

activating Pure drive mode.

Using the electric motor in hot or cold
weather

At very low or high ambient temperatures, the
electric motor's driving range and power may be

CISG (Crank Integrated Starter Generator) - Combined high-voltage generator and starter.

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446

reduced and affect how often the combustion
engine automatically starts.

Emission control system

To help ensure that the emission control system
functions optimally, the combustion engine will
run for several minutes after it is started. The
amount of time the combustion engine needs to
be used varies depending on the temperature of
the three-way catalytic converter.

WARNING

California Proposition 65

Operating, servicing and maintaining a pas-

senger vehicle can expose you to chemicals

including engine exhaust, carbon monoxide,

phthalates, and lead, which are known to the

State of California to cause cancer and birth

defects or other reproductive harm. To mini-

mize exposure, avoid breathing exhaust, do

not idle the engine except as necessary, serv-

ice your vehicle in a well ventilated area and

wear gloves or wash your hands frequently

when servicing your vehicle. For more infor-

mation go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov/

passenger-vehicle.

Related information

•

Drive systems (p. 444)

•

•

•

Drive modes

Drive modes affect the vehicle's driving charac-
teristics in different ways to enhance and sim-
plify the driving experience in certain types of sit-
uations.

Drive modes enable easy access to the vehicle's
many functions and settings in different driving
situations. The following systems are adapted to
help optimize driving characteristics in each drive
mode:

•

Steering

•

Engine/transmission/all-wheel drive

•

Brakes

•

Shock absorbers

•

Instrument panel

•

Climate control settings

Select the drive mode that is best suited to the
current driving conditions. Keep in mind that not
all drive modes are available in all situations.

Available drive modes

WARNING

Keep in mind that the vehicle does not emit

any engine noise when using the electric

motor and may therefore be difficult to detect

for children, pedestrians, cyclists or animals.

This is particularly true at low speeds, e.g. in

parking lots.

WARNING

Do not leave the vehicle in an unventilated

area with a drive mode activated and the com-

bustion engine switched off. The engine will

start automatically if the charge level in the

hybrid battery is low and the resulting exhaust

gases can be very harmful to people and ani-

mals.

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447

HYBRID

•

This is the default mode in which the electric
motor and combustion engine work together.

The vehicle starts in Hybrid mode. The control
system uses both the electric motor and the gas-
oline engine - separately or in tandem - and cal-
culates optimal utilization with regard to perform-
ance, fuel consumption and comfort. Driving
capacity on the electric motor alone is deter-
mined by factors such as the hybrid battery's
charge level, the need for heat/cooling in the
passenger compartment, etc.

If there is sufficient charge in the battery, it is
possible to drive solely on electric power. When
the accelerator pedal is pressed, only the electric
motor will be activated until the battery reaches a
certain charge level. Above this level, the current
in the battery cannot supply the power requested
by the accelerator pedal and the combustion
engine will start.

When the hybrid battery's charge level is low, the
combustion engine will start more frequently to
save the remaining current in the battery. Charge
the hybrid battery from a 120-240 volt outlet
using a charging cable, or activate

Charge

Function view to reset the option of only using
the electric motor.
This drive mode is designed for low energy con-
sumption with an optimized mix between the
electric motor and gasoline engine, without com-
promising on climate comfort or driving experi-
ence. When faster acceleration is requested by

the driver, the electric driveline will be utilized to
help provide maximum additional power. The
vehicle also monitors the driving conditions and
automatically engages all-wheel drive if neces-
sary. All-wheel drive and extra electric power are
always available regardless of the battery's
charging status.

Information in the instrument panel

When driving in Hybrid mode, a hybrid gauge will
be displayed in the instrument panel. The gauge
will indicate the amount of electrical current
required when the driver depresses the accelera-
tor pedal. The marker between the lightning and
the drop shows how much current is available.

The instrument panel gauge when both the electric
motor and the combustion engine are being used.

The instrument panel also shows how
much current is being restored to the
battery (regenerated) during light brak-
ing.

PURE

•

Uses the electric motor only, with the lowest
possible energy consumption and carbon
dioxide emissions.

This drive mode maximizes the use of the hybrid
battery. Certain climate system functions are
reduced to provide the longest distance using
only electricity.

Pure mode is available when the hybrid battery is
sufficiently charged. Even in Pure mode, the com-
bustion engine will start if the charge level in the
battery gets too low. The combustion engine will
also start

•

if the vehicle's speed goes above 125 km/h
(78 mph)

•

if the driver requests more power than the
electric motor can provide

•

if factors such as cold weather affect the
system or components.

This drive mode is optimized for maximum driving
distance with electric propulsion and is primarily
intended for use in city driving. Pure helps pro-
vide the lowest possible consumption even when
the hybrid battery is fully discharged. ECO climate
is activated to control the climate in the passen-
ger compartment, and in slippery road conditions
slightly more wheel spin may be permitted before
all-wheel drive is automatically activated.

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ECO Climate

In Pure mode, ECO climate is automatically acti-
vated in the passenger compartment to help
reduce energy consumption.

Changing drive mode (p. 449)

When the

Pure

drive mode is activated, set-

tings for certain climate system and electricity
consuming functions are reduced. Some of
these settings can be reset manually, but full
functionality will only be restored by leaving

Pure

mode or adapting the

Individual

drive

mode to full climate system functionality.

If condensation forms on the windows, tap the
max defroster button, which will function normally.

AWD

•

Improves the vehicle's traction and handling
by increasing all-wheel drive.

This drive mode locks the vehicle in all-wheel
drive. An optimal distribution between front and
rear axle torque helps provide the best possible
control, stability and traction, e.g. on slippery
roads or when towing a heavy trailer or another
vehicle. The AWD drive mode is always available
regardless of the hybrid battery's charge status.

Both the combustion engine and the electric
motor are engaged to enable all-wheel drive,
which results in higher fuel consumption.

In the other drive modes, the vehicle automati-
cally adapts the need for all-wheel drive accord-
ing to the road surface, and can activate the elec-
tric motor or start the combustion engine as nee-
ded.

POWER

•

Power mode is designed to provide sportier
driving characteristics and a faster accelera-
tion response.

This drive mode maximizes the combined power
from the combustion engine and the electric
motor by providing power to both the front and
rear wheels. Gear shifting will be faster and more
distinct and the transmission will prioritize gears
with a higher traction force. Steering response is
faster and suspension is stiffer.

Both the combustion engine and the electric
motor are engaged to enable all-wheel drive,
which results in higher fuel consumption.
This drive mode is optimized for maximum per-
formance and throttle response. It changes the
throttle response, gear shifting program and
turbo boost system. Chassis settings and steer-
ing and brake response are also optimized. The
Power drive mode is always available regardless
of the hybrid battery's charge status.

INDIVIDUAL

•

Customizes drive mode to personal preferen-
ces.

Select one of the drive modes as a basis and
adjust the settings to achieve your preferred driv-
ing characteristics. These settings will be stored
in your driver profile.

Individual drive mode is only available if it has
been activated in the center display.

Settings view

for Individual drive mode.

1. Tap

Settings

in the Top view.

The image is schematic and the details may vary depending on vehicle model or software update.

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* Option/accessory.

449

2. Tap

My Car

Individual Drive Mode

and

select

Individual Drive Mode

3. Under

Presets

, select one of the following

drive modes as a basis:

Pure

Hybrid

Power

The following settings can be modified:

•

Driver Display

•

Steering Force

•

Powertrain Characteristics

•

Brake Characteristics

•

Suspension Control

•

ECO Climate

Using the electric or combustion
engine

An advanced control system determines the dis-
tance that the vehicle can be driven on the com-
bustion engine, electric motor, or both at the
same time.

Its primary function is to use the motor/engine
and the current available in the hybrid battery as
efficiently as possible based on the characteris-
tics of the various drive modes and the power
output requested by the driver by pressing the
accelerator pedal.

In certain cases, temporary limitations in the sys-
tem or mandatory functions to help maintain a
low overall emissions level may result in greater
use of the combustion engine.

Related information

•

•

Energy distribution in hybrid mode using map
data* (p. 450)

•

•

General information about Twin Engine
(p. 408)

•

Changing drive mode

Select the drive mode that is best suited to the
current driving conditions.

The drive mode is changed using the control in
the tunnel console.

Keep in mind that not all drive modes are availa-
ble in all situations.

To change drive mode:

1. Press the DRIVE MODE control.

> A pop-up menu will appear in the center

display.

2. Roll the wheel upward or downward to the

desired drive mode.

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450

3. Press the drive mode control or tap its button

in the center display to confirm the selection.
> The selected drive mode is shown in the

instrument panel.

If a drive mode is grayed out in the pop-up menu,
it cannot be selected.

Related information

•

Energy distribution in hybrid mode

using map data*

The Hybrid drive mode is the vehicle's default
drive mode in which the electric motor and the
combustion engine work separately or together
in hybrid mode. If a destination has been
selected in the navigation system*, the Predictive
Efficiency

function can use map data to effec-

tively distribute the electric power throughout the
trip.

This can lower fuel consumption in comparison
with normal hybrid mode, in which the vehicle first
runs on electricity and then switches to the com-
bustion engine when the hybrid battery is dis-
charged.

If the distance to the destination is greater than
the calculated range on the electric motor, the
function will distribute electric power optimally for
the entire trip. This makes it possible to avoid sit-
uations in which normal hybrid mode would oth-
erwise use a large portion of the electric power
to e.g. use the electric motor at high speeds on a
highway and then use the combustion engine at
lower speeds during city driving.

The greatest fuel savings are attained when the
trip begins on a highway, is between 50 and 100
km (30 and 60 miles) long, and the hybrid battery
is fully charged at the start of the trip.

Requirements for the function

Certain conditions must be met for the function
to be possible:

•

A destination must be set in the navigation
system and the distance to the destination
must be longer than the possible range
using only the electric motor.

•

Hybrid drive mode must be selected.

•

The

Hold

and

Charge

functions must be

disabled.

•

The hybrid battery must be charged.

Usage tips

If you commute and it is not possible to charge
the vehicle at work, enter your workplace as a
waypoint and your home as the destination. Dis-
charging of the hybrid battery will then be distrib-
uted over the entire commute to and from work.

Add similar commutes, i.e. the route between two
charges, as

Favorites

in the navigation system to

facilitate access.

Related information

•

•

Leveling control settings* (p. 453)

Certain markets only.

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Leveling control* and suspension

Self-leveling and suspension functions are con-
trolled automatically.

Rear leveling control keeps the rear section of
the vehicle at the same height regardless of load.
Leveling control may also remain active when the
vehicle is parked.

Shock absorbers (Four-C)

The shock absorbers are adapted to the selected
drive mode and vehicle speed. The shock absorb-
ers are normally set to provide the best possible
comfort and are adjusted continuously according
to the road surface and the vehicle's acceleration,
braking and cornering.

Transporting

When transporting the vehicle on a ferry, train or
truck, only secure (lash) the vehicle around the
tires, not using any other parts of the chassis.
Changes in the pneumatic suspension may occur
during transport, which could adversely affect the
lashing and result in damage.

Symbols and messages in driver display

Symbol

Message

Meaning

Suspension

Deactivated by user

Active chassis has been switched off manually by the user.

Suspension

Temporarily reduced performance

Active chassis performance has been temporarily reduced due to extensive system use. If this
message appears frequently (e.g. several times in one week) contact a workshop

Suspension

Service required

A fault has occurred. Visit a workshop

as soon as possible.

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452

Symbol

Message

Meaning

Suspension failure

Stop safely

A critical fault has occurred. Stop safely, and have the car transported (raised with all wheels on
the flatbed) to a workshop

Suspension

Slow down Vehicle too high

A fault has occurred. If the message appears while driving, contact a workshop

Suspension

Auto adjusting vehicle level

Level control of the car's rear axle to target height is in progress.

An authorized Volvo workshop is recommended.

Related information

•

•

Leveling control* and suspension (p. 451)

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Leveling control settings*

Turn off leveling control before lifting the vehicle
with a jack to help avoid problems with the
pneumatic suspension.

Center display settings

Disable Leveling Control

In certain situations, this function must be turned
off, e.g. before the vehicle is raised using a jack*.
The level difference caused by raising the vehicle
with a jack could cause problems with the pneu-
matic suspension.

Turning off the function in the center display:

1. Tap

Settings

in the Top view.

2. Tap

My Car

Parking Brake and

Suspension

3. Select

Disable Leveling Control

Related information

•

•

Loading recommendations (p. 580)

Economical driving

Drive economically and more environmentally
conscious by thinking ahead, avoiding rapid
starts and stops and adapting driving style and
speed to the current traffic conditions.

To help achieve the greatest distance with the
lowest fuel consumption with Twin Engine,
observe the following:

Charge

•

Charge the vehicle regularly by plugging it
into an electrical outlet. Make it a habit to
always begin trips with the hybrid battery fully
charged.

•

Locate charging stations along your route.

•

If possible, choose parking spots with charg-
ing stations.

‒ purer driving pleasure (p. 27)

Charge the vehicle from the electricity grid as
often as possible!

Preconditioning

•

Whenever possible, precondition the vehicle
before driving by connecting the charging
cable to an electrical outlet.

•

Avoid parking the vehicle somewhere where
the interior will become too hot or too cold
while the vehicle is parked. If possible, park
the vehicle in a climate-controlled garage.

•

During a short drive after passenger com-
partment preconditioning, turn off the pas-
senger compartment fan or the air condition-
ing in a hot climate.

•

If preconditioning is not possible when it is
cold outside, use seat and steering wheel
heating first. Avoid heating the entire pas-
senger compartment to reduce the amount
of current being taken from the hybrid bat-
tery.

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454

Driving

•

Choose the Pure drive mode to help mini-
mize electric power consumption.

•

Maintain a steady speed and a generous fol-
lowing distance to traffic ahead to minimize
braking. This drive mode has the lowest
power consumption.

•

Balance energy requirements using the
accelerator pedal. Use the indicator on the
instrument panel to see available electric
power and avoid starting the combustion
engine unnecessarily. The electric motor is
more effective than the combustion engine,
especially at low speeds.

•

When braking is necessary, brake gently
using the brake pedal. This will help recharge
the hybrid battery. A regenerative function is
integrated in the brake pedal and can be
augmented by the electric motor's braking
capacity when the gear selector is in mode
B.

•

Higher speeds increase energy consumption
- air resistance increases with speed.

•

Activate the

Hold

function in the Function

view at high speeds when traveling farther
than is possible using the hybrid battery's
capacity.

•

Whenever possible, avoid using the

Charge

function to charge the hybrid battery. Charg-
ing the battery using the combustion engine

increases fuel consumption and carbon diox-
ide emissions.

•

In a cold climate, reduce heating of the wind-
shield/rear window, mirrors, seats and the
steering wheel.

•

Maintain the correct pressure in the tires and
check pressure regularly.

•

The type of tires used could affect energy
consumption - consult a retailer for advice on
suitable tires.

•

Remove unnecessary items from the vehicle
- the heavier the load, the higher the fuel
consumption.

•

Roof loads increase air resistance and
increase fuel consumption. Remove roof
boxes, ski racks, etc. that are not in use.

•

Avoid driving with the windows open.

•

Do not keep the vehicle still on an upward
gradient by using the accelerator pedal. Use
the brakes instead.

Related information

•

Drive-E

•

Energy distribution in hybrid mode using map
data* (p. 450)

•

Factors affecting electric motor range
(p. 455)

•

•

Checking tire pressure (p. 549)

•

Using the electric motor only

When using the electric motor, Volvo Twin
Engine provides a combination of good fuel
economy, low emissions and high performance.

For energy-efficient driving:

•

Select the Pure drive mode to help maximize
driving range using only the electric motor.

•

Balance energy requirements using the
accelerator pedal. Use the indicator on the
instrument panel's hybrid gauge to see avail-
able electric power and avoid starting the
combustion engine unnecessarily.

•

When braking is necessary, brake gently
using the brake pedal. This will recharge the
hybrid battery.

•

Activate the

Hold

function in the Function

view at high speeds when traveling farther
than is possible using the hybrid battery's
capacity.

•

Reduce current consumption in the passen-
ger compartment by reducing e.g. fan speed,
electric heating, or air conditioning use.

Also follow the general economical driving advice
regarding speed, tires and load to maximize
range.

Related information

•

General information about Twin Engine
(p. 408)

•

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455

•

Factors affecting electric motor range
(p. 455)

•

•

Starting and stopping the combustion engine
in Twin Engine vehicles (p. 445)

•

"Hold" and "Charge" functions (p. 456)

Factors affecting electric motor

range

A number of factors affect the electric motor's
driving range. The ability to achieve a long driv-
ing range varies according to the outside condi-
tions and to how the vehicle is driven.

The certified value for the distance that can be
driven using the electric motor should not be
considered an expected driving range. The actual
range is dependent on a number of factors.

Factors affecting driving range

The driver can influence some factors affecting
driving range, but not all.

The longest range is achieved under very favora-
ble conditions when all factors positively influ-
ence range.

Factors the driver cannot control

There are several outside conditions that affect
range to varying degrees:

•

the current traffic situation

•

driving short distances

•

topography

•

ambient temperature and headwinds

•

road conditions and road surface.

The following table shows the approximate rela-
tionship between ambient temperature and driv-
ing range with normal climate settings and with
climate settings turned off.

Up to a certain limit, warmer ambient tempera-
tures increase the electric motor's driving range.

Ambient tem-
perature

Climate set-
tings turned
off

Normal cli-
mate set-
tings

°C (86 °F)

95 %

80 %

°C (68 °F)

100 %

90%

°C (50 °F)

90 %

80 %

°C (32 °F)

80 %

60 %

-10

°C (14 °F)

70 %

40 %

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456

Factors the driver can control

The driver should be aware that the following fac-
tors help conserve energy and improve driving
range:

•

charging the battery regularly

•

preconditioning

•

Pure drive mode

•

climate control settings

•

speed and acceleration

•

the

Hold

function

•

tires and tire pressure.

The following table shows the approximate rela-
tionship between constant speed and driving
range. Driving at a lower constant speed helps
increase the electric motor's driving range.

Constant speed

100 km/h (62 mph)

50 %

80 km/h (50 mph)

70 %

60 km/h (37 mph)

90 %

50 km/h (31 mph)

100 %

•

The figures shown in the tables pertain to
a new vehicle.

•

None of the figures are absolute and are
affected by e.g. driving style, environment
and other conditions.

Related information

•

•

"Hold" and "Charge" functions (p. 456)

•

•

"Hold" and "Charge" functions

In certain situations, it can be useful to control
the hybrid battery's charge level while driving.
This is possible with the

Hold

and

Charge

func-

tions.

Hold

and

Charge

are available in all drive

modes. The functions will switch off if Pure drive
mode is activated.

Function buttons for Hold and Charge

The functions can be activated in the center dis-
play's Function view.

Hold

Battery level sustained for
later use

This function retains the charge
in the hybrid battery for the
electric motor and saves availa-
ble electrical current for use at

a later time, such as when driving in an urban
area or residential neighborhood.

The vehicle will function as in normal hybrid driv-
ing with a discharged battery - in addition to
reusing energy from e.g. regenerative braking, the
combustion engine will be used more frequently
to maintain the charge in the battery.

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457

Charge

Engine charges hybrid
battery

This function charges the
hybrid battery with the help of
the combustion engine for
increased use of the electric

motor at a later time.

Symbols in the instrument panel

The

symbol is displayed in the hybrid battery gauge

when Hold is activated.

The

symbol is displayed in the hybrid battery gauge

when Charge is activated.

Related information

•

•

•

Checking tire pressure (p. 549)

Preparing for a long trip

It is important to have the vehicle's systems and
equipment checked carefully before driving long
distances.

Check that:

•

the engine is running properly and that fuel
consumption is normal

•

there are no leaks (fuel, oil or other fluid)

•

the brake pedal is functioning optimally

•

all lights are working

‒ adjust the headlight

height if the vehicle is carrying a heavy load

•

tire tread depth and air pressure are at cor-
rect levels. Change to snow tires when driv-
ing in areas where there is a risk of snowy or
icy roads

•

the start battery is sufficiently charged

•

the wiper blades are in good condition

Related information

•

•

Filling washer fluid (p. 635)

•

Winter driving (p. 458)

•

Vehicle modem settings (p. 527)

•

•

Loading recommendations (p. 580)

•

Pilot Assist (p. 308)

•

Speed limiter (p. 275)

•

Tire sealing system (p. 564)

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Winter driving

It is important to check the vehicle before driving
in cold/snowy conditions to make sure it can be
driven safely.

Before the cold season arrives:

•

Make sure the engine coolant contains 50%
antifreeze. This mixture helps protect the
engine from frost erosion down to
approx. -35 °C (-31 °F). Do not mix different
types of antifreeze as this could pose a
health risk.

•

Keep the fuel tank well filled to prevent con-
densation from forming.

•

Check the viscosity of the engine oil. Oil with
low viscosity (thinner oil) improves cold-
weather starting and reduces fuel consump-
tion when driving with a cold engine.

CAUTION

Low-viscosity oil should not be used with hard
driving or in hot weather.

•

Check the condition and charge level of the
start battery. Cold weather places greater
demands on the start battery and reduces its
capacity.

•

Use washer fluid containing antifreeze to
help prevent ice from forming in the washer
fluid reservoir.

Slippery driving conditions

For optimal traction and roadholding, Volvo rec-
ommends using snow tires on all wheels when-
ever there is a risk of snow or ice on the road.