Toyota Tacoma (2018 year). Instruction - part 11
170
4-1. Before driving
Cargo and luggage
Take notice of the following information about storage precau-
tions, cargo capacity and load:
● Stow cargo and luggage in the rear deck whenever possible.
● Be sure all items are secured in place.
● Be careful to keep the vehicle level. Placing the weight as far for-
ward as possible helps maintain vehicle balance.
● For better fuel economy, do not carry unnecessary weight.
Deck rails
1
Side rails
To use the deck rails, you must
install genuine Toyota accessories
or their equivalent for the deck
rails.
Follow the manufacturer’s instruc-
tions and precautions when install-
ing a genuine Toyota accessory or
equivalent.
WARNING
■ When you secure cargo with the deck rails
Be sure to follow the instructions below in order to avoid the cargo coming
loose.
● Do not install accessories (tie-down cleats, storage boxes, etc.) at more
than the following number of locations per deck rail.
• Side rail:
Short deck—Max. 3 locations
Long deck—Max. 4 locations
● Spread out tie-down/support locations evenly along the length of the rails.
● Do not exceed a total tensile load of 440 lb. (200 kg) per deck rail.
● To prevent luggage or cargo from sliding forward during braking, make
sure the deck rail accessories such as storage box are securely attached
on the deck rails.
4-1. Before driving
171
Capacity and distribution
Cargo capacity depends on the total weight of the occupants.
(Cargo capacity) = (Total load capacity) (Total weight of occupants)
Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit —
(1) Locate the statement “The combined weight of occupants and
cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs.” on your vehicle’s
placard.
(2) Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that
will be riding in your vehicle.
(3) Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from
XXX kg or XXX lbs.
(4) The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and lug-
gage load capacity.
4
For example, if the “XXX” amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will be
five
150 lb passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available
cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs. (1400 750 (5150) =
650 lbs.)
(5) Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded
on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available
cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4.
(6) If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be
transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual to determine how
this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your
vehicle. (P. 174)
172
4-1. Before driving
Calculation formula for your vehicle
1
Cargo capacity
2
Total load capacity
(vehicle
capacity weight) (P. 623)
When 2 people with the combined weight of A lb. (kg) are riding in
your vehicle, which has a total load capacity (vehicle capacity weight)
of B lb. (kg), the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity
will be C lb. (kg) as follows:
B*2 lb. (kg) A*1 lb. (kg) = C*3 lb. (kg)
*1: A = Weight of people
*2: B = Total load capacity
*3: C = Available cargo and luggage load
In this condition, if 3 more passengers with the combined weight of
D lb. (kg) get on, the available cargo and luggage load will be reduced
E lb. (kg) as follows:
C lb. (kg) D*4 lb. (kg) = E*5 lb. (kg)
*4: D = Additional weight of people
*5: E = Available cargo and luggage load
As shown in the above example, if the number of occupants
increases, the cargo and luggage load will be reduced by an amount
that equals the increased weight due to the additional occupants. In
other words, if an increase in the number of occupants causes an
excess of the total load capacity (combined weight of occupants plus
cargo and luggage load), you must reduce the cargo and luggage on
your vehicle.
4-1. Before driving
173
WARNING
■Things that must not be carried in the luggage compartment
The following things may cause a fire if loaded in the luggage compart-
ment:
●Receptacles containing gasoline
●Aerosol cans
■Storage precautions
Observe the following precautions.
Failure to do so may prevent the pedals from being depressed properly,
may block the driver’s vision, or may result in items hitting the driver or
passengers, possibly causing an accident.
●Do not stack anything behind the front seats higher than the seat-
backs.
●Do not place cargo or luggage in or on the following locations.
• At the feet of the driver
4
• On the front passenger or rear seats (when stacking items)
• On the instrument panel
• On the dashboard
• On the auxiliary box or tray that has no lid
●Secure all items in the occupant compartment.
●Never allow anyone to ride in the rear deck. It is not designed for pas-
sengers. They should ride in their seats with their seat belts properly
fastened.
■Capacity and distribution
●Do not exceed the maximum axle weight rating or the total vehicle
weight rating.
●Even if the total load of occupant’s weight and the cargo load is less
than the total load capacity, do not apply the load unevenly. Improper
loading may cause deterioration of steering or braking control which
may cause death or serious injury.
174
4-1. Before driving
Vehicle load limits
Vehicle load limits include total load capacity, seating capacity,
TWR (Trailer Weight Rating) and cargo capacity.
◆ Total load capacity (vehicle capacity weight): P. 623
Total load capacity means the combined weight of occupants, cargo
and luggage.
◆ Seating capacity
Access Cab models
Vehicles without rear seats: 2 occupants
Vehicles with rear seats: 4 occupants (Front 2, Rear 2)
Double Cab models
5 occupants (Front 2, Rear 3)
Seating capacity means the maximum number of occupants whose
estimated average weight is 150 lb. (68 kg) per person.
Even if the number of occupants are within the seating capacity, do
not exceed the total load capacity.
◆ TWR (Trailer Weight Rating): P. 179
TWR means the maximum gross trailer weight (trailer weight plus
its cargo weight) that your vehicle is able to tow.
◆ Cargo capacity
Cargo capacity may increase or decrease depending on the weight
and the number of occupants.
■ Total load capacity and seating capacity
These details are also described on the tire and loading information label.
(P. 528)
WARNING
■Overloading the vehicle
Do not overload the vehicle.
It may not only cause damage to the tires, but also degrade steering
and braking ability, resulting in an accident.
4-1. Before driving
175
Trailer towing
Your vehicle is designed primarily as a passenger-and-load-car-
rying vehicle. Towing a trailer can have an adverse impact on
handling, performance, braking, durability, and fuel consump-
tion. For your safety and the safety of others, you must not over-
load your vehicle or trailer. You must also ensure that you are
using appropriate towing equipment, that the towing equipment
has been installed correctly and used properly, and that you
employ the requisite driving habits. (P. 190)
Vehicle-trailer stability and braking performance are affected by
trailer stability, brake performance and setting, trailer brakes,
the hitch and hitch systems (if equipped).
4
To tow a trailer safely, use extreme care and drive the vehicle in
accordance with your trailer’s characteristics and operating
conditions.
Toyota warranties do not apply to damage or malfunction
caused by towing a trailer for commercial purposes.
Contact your Toyota dealer for further information about additional
requirements such as a towing kit, etc.
176
4-1. Before driving
Towing related terms
■ GCWR (Gross Combination Weight Rating)
The maximum allowable gross
combination weight. The gross
combination weight is the sum
of the total vehicle weight
(including the occupants, cargo
and any optional equipment
installed on the vehicle) and the
weight of the trailer being towed
(including the cargo in the
trailer).
■ GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating)
The maximum allowable gross
vehicle weight. The gross vehi-
cle weight is the total weight of
the vehicle. When towing a
trailer, it is the sum of the vehi-
cle weight (including the occu-
pants, cargo and any optional
equipment installed on the vehi-
cle) and the tongue weight.
■ GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating)
The maximum allowable gross
Front GAWR
axle weight. The gross axle
weight is the load placed on
each axle (front and rear).
Rear GAWR
4-1. Before driving
177
■ TWR (Trailer Weight Rating)
The maximum allowable gross
(With brakes)
trailer weight. The gross trailer
weight is the sum of the trailer
weight and the weight of the
cargo in the trailer.
TWR is calculated assuming
base vehicle with one driver,
one front passenger, towing
package (if available), hitch and
hitch systems (if required).
Additional optional equipment, passengers and cargo in the vehicle will
reduce the trailer weight rating so as not to exceed GCWR, GVWR and
GAWR.
If the gross trailer weight exceeds 3000 lb. (1360 kg), it is recommended
4
to use a trailer with 2 or more axles.
■ Unbraked TWR (Unbraked Trailer Weight Rating)
The trailer weight rating for tow-
(Without brakes)
ing a trailer without a trailer ser-
vice brake system.
■ Tongue Weight
The load placed on the trailer
hitch ball. (P. 181)
178
4-1. Before driving
Weight limits
● The gross trailer weight must never exceed the TWR described in
the table. (P. 179)
● The gross combination weight must never exceed the GCWR
described in the table. (P. 179)
● The gross vehicle weight must never exceed the GVWR indicated
on the Certification Label.
● The gross axle weight on each axle must never exceed the GAWR
indicated on the Certification Label.
Access Cab models
Double Cab models
● If the gross trailer weight is over the unbraked TWR, trailer service
brakes are required.
● If the gross trailer weight is over 2000 lb. (907 kg), a sway control
device with sufficient capacity is required.
● If the gross trailer weight is over 5000 lb. (2268 kg), a weight distrib-
uting hitch with sufficient capacity is required.
4-1. Before driving
179
GCWR, TWR, Unbraked TWR, Fifth wheel and Gooseneck towing
TWR
Confirm that the gross trailer weight, gross combination weight, gross
vehicle weight, gross axle weight and tongue weight are all within the
limits.
■ GCWR* and TWR*
Access Cab models
Driving
Model code*1
Engine
GCWR
TWR
system
7740 lb.
3500 lb.
TRN265L-CRTSKA
2WD
(3510 kg)
(1590 kg)
2TR-FE
engine
7980 lb.
3500 lb.
TRN245L-CRTSKA
4WD
(3615 kg)
(1590 kg)
4
11240 lb.
6800 lb.
GRN325L-CRTSHA
2WD
(5095 kg)
(3085 kg)
2GR-FKS
11210 lb.
6500 lb.
GRN305L-CRFSHA
engine
(5080 kg)
(2950 kg)
4WD
11290 lb.
6500 lb.
GRN305L-CRTSHA
(5120 kg)
(2950 kg)
*
1: The model code is indicated on the Certification Label. (P. 625)
*: These models meet the tow-vehicle trailering requirement of SAE
International per SAE J2807.
180
4-1. Before driving
Double Cab models
Driving
Model code*1
Engine
GCWR
TWR
system
2TR-FE
7860 lb.
3500 lb.
TRN265L-PRTSKA
engine
(3560 kg)
(1590 kg)
11270 lb.
6700 lb.
GRN325L-PRTSHA
(5110 kg)
(3040 kg)
11220 lb.
6600 lb.
GRN325L-PRTLHA
2WD
(5085 kg)
(2995 kg)
11210 lb.
6600 lb.
GRN330L-PRTSHA
(5080 kg)
(2995 kg)
11260 lb.
6600 lb.
GRN330L-PRTLHA
(5105 kg)
(2995 kg)
2GR-FKS
11240 lb.
6400 lb.
GRN305L-PRFSHA
engine
(5095 kg)
(2900 kg)
11220 lb.
6400 lb.
GRN305L-PRTSHA
(5085 kg)
(2900 kg)
11270 lb.
6400 lb.
GRN305L-PRTLHA
4WD
(5110 kg)
(2900 kg)
11260 lb.
6400 lb.
GRN310L-PRTSHA
(5105 kg)
(2900 kg)
11020 lb.
6000 lb.
GRN310L-PRTLHA
(4995 kg)
(2720 kg)
*
1: The model code is indicated on the Certification Label. (P. 625)
■ Unbraked TWR*
1000 lb. (450 kg)
■ Fifth wheel and gooseneck towing TWR*
Toyota does not recommend fifth wheel and gooseneck towing.
*: These models meet the tow-vehicle trailering requirement of SAE
International per SAE J2807.
4-1. Before driving
181
Trailer Tongue Weight
● A recommended tongue weight or kingpin weight varies in accor-
dance with the types of trailers or towing as described below.
● To ensure the recommended values shown below, the trailer must
be loaded by referring to the following instructions.
• Tongue Weight
The gross trailer weight should be distributed so that the tongue
weight is 9% to 11%. (Tongue Weight/Gross trailer weight x 100
= 9% to 11%)
1
Gross trailer weight
2
Tongue Weight
4
If using a weight distributing hitch when towing, return the front
axle to the same weight as before the trailer connection.
If front axle weight cannot be measured directly, measure the
front fender height above the front axle before connection. Adjust
weight distributing hitch torque until front fender is returned to the
same height as before connection.
The gross trailer weight, gross axle weight and tongue weight
can be measured with platform scales found at a highway weigh-
ing station, building supply company, trucking company, junk
yard, etc.
182
4-1. Before driving
Hitch
Trailer hitch assemblies have different weight capacities. Toyota rec-
ommends the use of Toyota hitch/bracket for your vehicle. For details,
contact your Toyota dealer.
● If you wish to install a trailer hitch, contact your Toyota dealer.
● Use only a hitch that conforms to the gross trailer weight require-
ment of your vehicle.
● Follow the directions supplied by the hitch manufacturer.
● Lubricate the hitch ball and kingpin with a light coating of grease.
● Remove the trailer hitch whenever you are not towing a trailer. After
removing the hitch, seal any mounting hole in the vehicle body to
prevent entry of any substances into the vehicle.
Bumper towing (vehicles with steel bumper only)
The rear bumper of your vehicle is
equipped with a hole to install a
trailer ball. If you have any ques-
tions, contact your Toyota dealer.
The gross trailer weight
(trailer
weight plus cargo weight) when
towing with the bumper must never
exceed the TWR
(P.
179) or
3500 lb.
(1590 kg) whichever is
lower.
4-1. Before driving
183
Selecting trailer ball
Use the correct trailer ball for your application.
1
Trailer ball load rating
Matches or exceeds the gross
trailer weight rating of the trailer.
2
Ball diameter
Matches the size of the trailer cou-
pler. Most couplers are stamped
with the required trailer ball size.
Trailer class
IV
II and III
I
Typical trailer ball size
2 5/16 in.
2 in.
1 7/8 in.
3
Shank length
4
Protrudes beyond the bottom of the lock washer and nut by at least 2
threads.
4
Shank diameter
Matches the ball mount hole diameter size.
Positions for towing hitch receiver and hitch ball
Weight carrying ball position:
1
52.0 in. (1320.8 mm)
Hitch receiver pin hole position:
2
45.2 in. (1148.8 mm)
184
4-1. Before driving
Connecting trailer lights
Use the wire harness stored in the
rear end of the vehicle.
The tow lighting system is
designed for 54 watts/4.5 amps of
electrical current per side
(right
and left) for the trailer brake/turn
light functions.
Please contact your Toyota dealer
with any questions or concerns.
■ Service connector for towing brake controller (vehicles with a towing
package)
Your vehicle is equipped with a service
connector for the trailer brake controller
as shown.
4-1. Before driving
185
Trailer towing tips
Your vehicle will handle differently when towing a trailer. To help avoid
an accident, death or serious injury, keep the following in mind when
towing:
● Speed limits for towing a trailer vary by state or province. Do not
exceed the posted towing speed limit.
● Toyota recommends that the vehicle-trailer speed limit is 65 mph
(104 km/h) on a flat, straight, dry road. Do not exceed this limit, the
posted towing speed limit or the speed limit for your trailer as set
forth in your trailer owner’s manual, whichever is lowest. Instability
of the towing vehicle-trailer combination (trailer sway) increases as
speed increases. Exceeding speed limits may cause loss of control.
● Before starting out, check the trailer lights, tires and the vehicle-
trailer connections. Recheck after driving a short distance.
4
● Practice turning, stopping and reversing with the trailer attached in
an area away from traffic until you become accustomed to the feel
of the vehicle-trailer combination.
● Reversing with a trailer attached is difficult and requires practice.
Grip the bottom of the steering wheel and move your hand to the
left to move the trailer to the left. Move your hand to the right to
move the trailer to the right. (This is generally opposite to reversing
without a trailer attached.) Avoid sharp or prolonged turning. Have
someone guide you when reversing to reduce the risk of an acci-
dent.
● As stopping distance is increased when towing a trailer, vehicle-to-
vehicle distance should be increased. For each 10 mph (16 km/h)
of speed, allow at least one vehicle and trailer length.
● Avoid sudden braking as you may skid, resulting in the trailer jack-
knifing and a loss of vehicle control. This is especially true on wet or
slippery surfaces.
● Avoid jerky starts or sudden acceleration.
● Avoid jerky steering and sharp turns, and slow down before making
a turn.
● Note that when making a turn, the trailer wheels will be closer than
the vehicle wheels to the inside of the turn. Compensate by making
a wider than normal turning radius.
186
4-1. Before driving
● Slow down before making a turn, in crosswinds, on wet or slippery
surfaces, etc.
Increasing vehicle speed can destabilize the trailer.
● Take care when passing other vehicles. Passing requires consider-
able distance. After passing a vehicle, do not forget the length of
your trailer, and be sure you have plenty of room before changing
lanes.
● Vehicles with an automatic transmission: To maintain engine brak-
ing efficiency and charging system performance when using engine
braking, do not use the transmission in D. If in the S mode, the
transmission shift range position must be in 5 or lower.
● Vehicles with a manual transmission: To maintain engine braking
efficiency and charging system performance when using engine
braking, do not use the sixth gear.
● Instability happens more frequently when descending steep or long
downhill grades. Before descending, slow down and downshift. Do
not make sudden downshifts while descending steep or long down-
hill grades.
● Avoid holding the brake pedal down too long or applying the brakes
too frequently. This could cause the brakes to overheat and result in
reduced braking efficiency.
● Due to the added load of the trailer, your vehicle’s engine may over-
heat on hot days (at temperatures over 85°F [30°C]) when driving
up a long or steep grade. If the engine coolant temperature gauge
indicates overheating, immediately turn off the air conditioning (if in
use), pull your vehicle off the road and stop in a safe spot.
(P. 617)