|
|
|
1.14
ɋɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɫ
ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɨɦ
ȼ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɢ
ɚɜɬɨ
-
ɦɨɛɢɥɹ
,
ɩɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ
ɧɚ
-
ɠɦɢɬɟ
ɧɚ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
4
.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ
,
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ
ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜ
ɢɥɢ
ɧɟɬ
.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɷɬɨɣ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɫɧɨɜɚ
ɧɚ
-
ɠɦɢɬɟ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
4
.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ
ɨɬ
ɤɨɦ
-
ɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
.
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɢɣ
ɜɩɟɪɟɞ
ɢɥɢ
ɧɚɡɚɞ
ɉɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ
ɪɭɱɤɭ
1
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨ
-
ɜɚɬɶ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
¶ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ ɜ
ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɟ
ɩɨ
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ
ɧɚ
ɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ¶
ɑɬɨɛɵ
ɩɨɞɧɹɬɶ
ɢɥɢ
ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ
ɩɨɞɭɲɤɭ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɟ
ɪɵɱɚɝ
2
ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɪɚɡ
,
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɧɭɠɧɨ
,
ɜɜɟɪɯ
ɢɥɢ
ɜɧɢɡ¶
ɉȿɊȿȾɇɂȿ
ɋɂȾȿɇɖə
ȼ
ɰɟɥɹɯ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɜɨ
-
ɞɢɬɟ
ɜɫɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɫɢɞɟ
-
ɧɢɣ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɧɚ
ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɦ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟ
.
ɇɢɤɚɤɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ
ɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɧɚɯɨ
-
ɞɢɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚ
ɩɨɥɭ
(
ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ
),
ɬ¶
ɤ
.
ɜ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ
ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɨɧɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɨɩɚɫɬɶ
ɩɨɞ
ɩɟɞɚɥɢ
ɢ
ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ
ɢɯ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ
.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ
ɫɩɢɧɤɢ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɋ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɪɭɱɤɢ
3
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ
ɫɩɢɧɤɭ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɜ
ɧɭɠɧɨɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
.
ɑɬɨɛɵ
ɧɟ
ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶ
ɷɮɮɟɤ
-
ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɪɟɦɧɟɣ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
,
ɫɨɜɟɬɭɟɦ
ɧɟ
ɧɚɤɥɨɧɹɬɶ
ɫɩɢɧɤɢ
ɫɢɞɟɧɢɣ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ɧɚɡɚɞ
.
1
2
3
4
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟ
ɡɚ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɣ
ɮɢɤɫɚ
-
ɰɢɟɣ
ɫɩɢɧɨɤ
ɫɢɞɟɧɢɣ
.
1.15
ȼ
ɰɟɥɹɯ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɩɪɢɫɬɟɝɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ
ɪɟɦɧɹɦɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ
ɬɨɝɨ
,
ɫɨ
-
ɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥ
ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɬɨɣ
ɫɬɪɚɧɵ
,
ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢ
-
ɬɟɫɶ
.
ɊȿɆɇɂ
ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
(1/4)
1
2
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨ
-
ɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɟɪɟɤɪɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɟɦɧɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɫɬɚɬɶ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɬɪɚɜɦ
ɩɪɢ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɪɟɦɟɧɶ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
,
ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ
ɢɥɢ
ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ
.
Ⱦɚɠɟ
ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɩɪɢɫɬɟɝɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɪɟɦɧɟɦ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
.
ȼ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ
ɡɚ
ɬɟɦ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɬɚɡɨɜɚɹ
ɜɟɬɜɶ
ɪɟɦɧɹ
ɧɟ
ɞɚɜɢɥɚ
ɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ɧɚ
ɧɢɡ
ɠɢɜɨɬɚ
,
ɧɨ
ɢ
ɧɟ
ɩɪɨɜɢ
-
ɫɚɥɚ
.
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ
ɱɟɦ
ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ
,
ɜɵ
-
ɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɭ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɢ
-
ɞɟɧɶɹ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
,
ɜɵɫɨɬɵ
ɪɭɥɟɜɨɣ
ɤɨ
-
ɥɨɧɤɢ
ɢ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɡɟɪɤɚɥ
ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ
ɜɢɞɚ
,
ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɭ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɫɢɞɟɧɢɣ
ɜɫɟɯ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ
,
ɪɟɝɭɥɢ
-
ɪɨɜɤɭ
ɪɟɦɧɟɣ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɟ
-
ɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɟɣ
ɡɚɳɢɬɵ
.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
–
ɋɹɞɶɬɟ
ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ
ɜ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
(
ɫɧɹɜ
ɩɚɥɶɬɨ
,
ɤɭɪɬɤɭ
ɢ
ɬ
.
ɩ
.).
ɗɬɨ
ɜɚɠɧɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɩɢɧɵ
.
–
Ɉɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɟɞɚɥɟɣ
.
ɋɢɞɟɧɶɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɬɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɨ
ɤɚɤ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɞɚɥɶɲɟ
ɧɚɡɚɞ
,
ɧɨ
ɬɚɤ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɛɵɥɚ
ɜɨɡ
-
ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɵɠɚɬɶ
ɩɟɞɚɥɶ
ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨ
ɭɩɨɪɚ
.
&
ɩɢɧɤɚ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ
ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɪɭɤɢ
ɧɚ
ɪɭɥɟ
ɛɵɥɢ
ɫɥɟɝɤɚ
ɫɨɝɧɭɬɵ
ɜ
ɥɨɤɬɹɯ
.
–
Ɉɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɞɝɨ
-
ɥɨɜɧɢɤɚ
.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫ
-
ɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ȼɚɲɟɣ
ɝɨ
-
ɥɨɜɨɣ
ɢ
ɩɨɞɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ
.
–
Ɉ
ɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɩɨ
ɜɵɫɨɬɟ
.
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɩɨ
-
ɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɨɛɡɨɪ
ɫ
ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
²
–
Ɉɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɪɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ
ɤɨɥɟɫɚ
.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɪɟɦɧɟɣ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɹɞɶɬɟ
ɧɚ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
,
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɬɤɢɧɭɜ
-
ɲɢɫɶ
ɧɚ
ɫɩɢɧɤɭ
.
ɉɥɟɱɟɜɚɹ
ɜɟɬɜɶ
1
ɪɟɦɧɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚ
-
ɝɚɬɶɫɹ
ɤɚɤ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɛɥɢɠɟ
ɤ
ɧɢɠɧɟɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɲɟɢ
,
ɧɨ
ɧɟ
ɥɟɠɚɬɶ
ɧɚ
ɧɟɣ
.
Ɍɚɡɨɜɚɹ
ɜɟɬɜɶ
ɪɟɦɧɹ
2
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɬɶ
ɤ
ɛɟɞɪɚɦ
ɢ
ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ
ɬɚɡ
.
Ɋɟɦɟɧɶ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɤɚɤ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɥɨɬɧɟɟ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɬɶ
ɤ
ɬɟɥɭ
.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
,
ɧɟ
ɧɚɞɟɜɚɣɬɟ
ɩɪɢ
ɟɡɞɟ
ɜ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟ
ɨɛɴ
-
ɟɦɧɭɸ
ɨɞɟɠɞɭ
,
ɧɟ
ɩɨɞɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɣɬɟ
ɩɨɞ
ɪɟɦɟɧɶ
ɤɚɤɢɟ
-
ɥɢɛɨ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ
ɢ
ɬ
.
ɞ
.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚɞɧɢɯ
ɪɟɦɧɟɣ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɭɛɟɞɢ
-
ɬɟɫɶ
ɜ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ
ɡɚɞ
-
ɧɟɝɨ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
.
ɋɦ
.
ɪɚɡɞɟɥ
«
Ɂɚɞɧɟɟ
ɫɢ
-
ɞɟɧɶɟ
:
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
»
ɜ
ɝɥɚɜɟ
3.
1.16
ɊȿɆɇɂ
ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
(2/4)
ß
ɋɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɥɚɦɩɚ
ɧɟɩɪɢɫɬɟɝ
-
ɧɭɬɨɝɨ
ɪɟɦɧɹ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Ʌɚɦɩɚ
ɡɚɝɨɪɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɞɢɫ
-
ɩɥɟɟ
ɢ
ɝɨɪɢɬ
ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
,
ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɩɪɢ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ
ɫɤɨɪɨ
-
ɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
20
ɤɦ
/
ɱ
,
ɟɫɥɢ
ɪɟɦɟɧɶ
ɛɟɡ
-
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟ
ɩɪɢɫɬɟɝɧɭɬ
,
ɥɚɦɩɚ
ɦɢɝɚɟɬ
ɢ
ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
2
ɦɢɧɭɬ
ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɡɜɭ
-
ɤɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥ
.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɩɨ
ɜɵɫɨɬɟ
ɪɟɦɧɟɣ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɯ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹɯ
ɋ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
6
ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ
ɜɵɫɨɬɭ
ɪɟɦɧɹ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɬɚɤ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɥɟɱɟɜɚɹ
ɜɟɬɜɶ
ɪɟɦɧɹ
1
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɚɫɶ
ɬɚɤ±
ɤɚɤ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɜɵɲɟ
.
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɧɚ
ɤɧɨɩ
³
ɤɭ
³
ɢ
ɩɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɪɟɦɟɧɶ
.
Ɉɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɪɟɦɧɹ
,
ɭɛɟɞɢ
-
ɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɨɧ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ
ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ
.
Ɋɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
4
¼
ɪɟɦɟɧɶ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫ
³
ɤɢ
ɧɚɦɨɬɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚ
ɤɚɬɭɲɤɭ
.
ɇɚɩɪɚɜɶɬɟ
ɟɝɨ
.
6
ɉɪɢɫɬɟɝɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɪɟɦɧɹ
Ɇɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
,
ɛɟɡ
ɪɵɜɤɨɜ
ɜɵɬɹɧɢɬɟ
ɪɟɦɟɧɶ
ɢ
ɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ
ɩɪɹɠɤɭ
ɪɟɦɧɹ
3
ɜ
ɡɚɦɨɤ
5
(
ɩɪɨ
-
ɜɟɪɶɬɟ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ
ɪɟɦɧɹ
ɜ
ɡɚɦɤɟ
,
ɩɨɬɹɧɭɜ
ɡɚ
ɩɪɹɠɤɭ
3
).
ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɪɟɦɧɹ
ɨɬɜɟɞɢɬɟ
ɥɹɦɤɭ
ɪɟɦɧɹ
ɧɚɡɚɞ
ɧɚ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫ
-
ɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɢ
ɫɧɨɜɚ
ɜɵɬɹɧɢɬɟ
ɪɟɦɟɧɶ
.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɜ
ɚɲ
ɪɟɦɟɧɶ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɥɧɨ
-
ɫɬɶɸ
ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧ
,
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
,
ɧɨ
ɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɬɹɧɢɬɟ
ɡɚ
ɪɟɦɟɧɶ
ɢ
ɜɵɬɹɧɢɬɟ
ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɢ
-
ɦɟɪɧɨ
ɧɚ
3
ɫɦ
.
Ɉɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ
ɪɟɦɟɧɶ
ɞɥɹ
ɜɬɹ
-
ɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜ
ɤɚɬɭɲɤɭ
,
ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɫɧɨɜɚ
ɜɵɬɹɧɢɬɟ
ɪɟɦɟɧɶ
.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ
ɧɟ
ɭɞɚ
-
ɟɬɫɹ
,
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ
ɧɚ
ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɭɸ
ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ
ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ
-
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
.
1
5
3
4
5
|