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ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
ɉɈȾɍɒɄɂ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
ɇɚɞɭɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞ-
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢ-
ɬɵ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɜ ȾɌɉ. Ɉɧɢ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɟɦɧɟɣ ɛɟ-
ɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɱɢ-
ɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɫɩɟɪɟɞɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɛɨɤɭ ɭɞɚɪɚ
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɢ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɚ-
ɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ:
-
ɩɪɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɞɚɪɟ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɛɟ-
ɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɢ ɧɚɞɭɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɡɚɳɢɳɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ
ɜ ɫɚɥɨɧɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ; ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɞɚɪɚ ɝɚɡ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚɯ, ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɜɵ-
ɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ, ɢ ɨɧɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɴ-
ɟɦɟ: ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɧɟ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ-
ɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ,
-
ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ
ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɞɚɪɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɟɡɞɟ
ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɫɡɚɞɢ ɢ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɩ-
ɪɨɤɢɞɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɢ-
ɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɞɧɢɯ
ɪɟɦɧɟɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
A.
Ɂɨɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɚ.
B.
Ɂɨɧɚ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɚ.
ɋɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɢɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɭɲɟɤ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɝɪɨɦɤɢɦ ɯɥɨɩ-
ɤɨɦ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ.
ɗɬɨɬ ɝɚɡ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ,
ɧɨ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚ-
ɠɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ɏɥɨɩɨɤ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɩɚɬɪɨɧɚ ɦɨ-
ɠɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɡɚ-
ɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɭɲɢ.
Ɂɨɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɭɞɚɪɚ
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚ ɞɟɬɟɣ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ
ɤɪɟɫɥɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɦɟɧɟɟ 12 ɥɟɬ ɢɥɢ
ɟɝɨ ɪɨɫɬ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 1 ɦ 50 ɫɦ.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢɫɬɟɝɢɜɚɬɶ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɪɟɦɧɟɦ ɛɟ-
ɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɢɬɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɧɚ
ɫɜɨɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɧɹɯ.
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɫɢɥɵ
ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
ɩɢɪɨ-
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɬɹɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɪɟɦɧɹ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɧɚɞɭɜɧɵɯ ɩɨ-
ɞɭɲɟɤ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɬɹɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟ-
ɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɦ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ-
ɧɵɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɵɦɚ
ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɩɢɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɚɬɪɨɧɚ, ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ.
ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
ɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫ-
ɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɭɲɟɤ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨ-
ɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟ-
ɪɢɬɶ, ɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɟɦɧɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɥɟɪɚ ɉȿɀɈ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ ɩɨ-
ɞɭɲɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɭɲɟɤ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫ-
ɫɱɢɬɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨ-ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɪɚɛɚ-
ɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ
(ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ȾɌɉ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ)
ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟ ɫɪɚ-
ɛɨɬɚɟɬ.
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ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ
ɍɛɪɚɜ ɫ ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ ɤɪɟɫɥɨ, ɩɨɜɟɪ-
ɧɢɬɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
1
ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
"ON"
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɭ ɛɟɡɨ-
ɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɢɝ-
ɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɨ-
ɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɭɦɦɟɪɚ
ɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢ-
ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ, ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ
ɜ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɉȿɀɈ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɦɢɝɚɟɬ, ɨɛɪɚɬɢ-
ɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɉȿɀɈ.
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɩɨɞɭɲɤɭ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ:
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ
ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ
ɤɥɸɱ ɜ ɳɟɥɶ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ
1
,
ɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
"OFF"
,
ɜɵɧɶɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɭ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ,
ɟɫɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ ɤɪɟɫɥɨ "ɫɩɢɧɤɨɣ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ".
ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɪɟɡɤɢɣ ɜɵɛɪɨɫ
ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɨ-
ɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ
ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ.
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɩɨɞɭ-
ɲɟɤ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɹɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɝɚɫɧɭɬ,
ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ ɤɪɟɫɥɨ
"ɫɩɢɧɤɨɣ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ" ɧɚ ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ-
ɧɟɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ.
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɉȿɀɈ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɝɨɥɨ-
ɜɵ ɢ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɤ-
ɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ.
ɉɨɞɭɲɤɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɜɫɬɪɨɟ-
ɧɚ ɜ ɫɬɭɩɢɰɭ ɪɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟ-
ɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ - ɜ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ
ɹɳɢɤɨɦ.
Ɉɛɟ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ,
ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ
ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟ-
ɧɚ. ɋɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɡɤɨɦ
ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɞɚɪɟ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɝɨɪɢ-
ɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫ-
ɬɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɤ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɟɦɫɹ
ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɡɨɧɭ
A
, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɶ.
ȼ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɨɞɭɲ-
ɤɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɞɭɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɹɫɶ
ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɦɹɝɱɢɬɶ ɭɞɚɪ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ-
ɧɟɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ ɨ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ.
Ɏɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɉɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ,
ɩɨɤɚ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣ, ɷɬɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚɹ
ɥɚɦɩɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɝɨɪɟɬɶ.
!
79
ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɫɬɟɝɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ
ɪɟɦɧɹɦɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ.
ɋɢɞɢɬɟ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɟ.
ɇɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɣɬɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ, ɫɢɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹɯ, ɢ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚɦɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ (ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɢ
ɬ.ɩ.). Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨɞɭɲɟɤ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɫɢɞɹɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹɯ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɜ ɭɝɨɧɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɨɞɭɲɟɤ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɨ ɤɨɦɭ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɭɲɟɤ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɉȿɀɈ.
Ⱦɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɢɫɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɬɪɚɜɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɝɤɢɟ ɨɠɨɝɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ (ɡɚ ɬɵɫɹɱɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɢ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɵ), ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧɚ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɫɞɭɜɚɬɶɫɹ - ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɣ ɝɚɡ.
ɇɟ ɜɨɞɢɬɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ, ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹ ɪɭɥɟɜɨɟ ɤɨɥɟɫɨ ɡɚ ɫɩɢɰɵ, ɢ ɧɟ ɤɥɚɞɢɬɟ ɪɭɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɭɩɢɰɭ ɪɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ.
ɉɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɭ ɜɨɫɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɨɝɢ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɚɠɢɬɟɫɶ ɨɬ ɤɭɪɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɞɭɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɭɲɟɤ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɠɨɝɚɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɦ
ɫɢɝɚɪɟɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɭɛɤɨɣ.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɵɤɚɬɶ ɫɬɭɩɢɰɭ ɪɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ, ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɞɚɪɚɦ.
ɇɚ ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɟɣ ɉȿɀɈ ɱɟɯɥɵ. , ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɸɬ ɫɪɚɛɚ-
ɬɵɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɭɲɟɤ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɉȿɀɈ.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɟɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɤ ɫɩɢɧɤɚɦ ɫɢɞɟɧɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ
ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɞɭɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɭɲɟɤ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɟ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɛɩɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ.
Ȼɨɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɏɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɭɲɟɤ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ:
!
78
ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
Ȼ
ɨɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɜ ɨɬɞɟ-
ɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɡɤɨɦ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɦ ɭɞɚɪɟ ɢɡɜɧɟ,
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɤ ɚɜ-
ɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɟɦɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ
ɡɨɧɭ
B
, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɶ.
ȼ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɤɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɪɨ-
ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɚɫ-
ɫɚɠɢɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ ɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɶɸ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɜɟɪɢ.
ɋɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɭɲɟɤ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɚ, ɛɨɤɨ-
ɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɸɬ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɟ-
ɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ, ɫɧɢɠɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɢɫɤ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɬɪɚɜɦɭ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ,
Ɉɛɟ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɪɤɚɫ ɫɩɢɧɨɤ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɫɢɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɜɟɪɢ.
A.
Ɂɨɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɚ.
B.
Ɂɨɧɚ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɚɫɚ-
ɧɢɹɯ, ɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɨɤɢɞɵɜɚɧɢ-
ɹɯ, ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ.
ɉɪɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ
ɭɞɚɪɚɯ ɫɡɚɞɢ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ.
Ɂɨɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɭɞɚɪɚ
ɋɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɡɚ-
ɝɨɪɟɥɫɹ
ɜ
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ
ɡɭɦɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɧɨ-
ɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ,
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ
ɉȿɀɈ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭ-
ɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɨɬ
ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
ɜ ȾɌɉ.
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