Frelander 2. Manual - part 9

Air Suspension

Whenever work is being undertaken on the air suspension system, suitable eye protection must be worn.

Air Conditioning Refrigerant

Highly flammable, combustible – observe No Smoking policy.

Skin contact may result in frostbite.

Instructions given by the manufacturer must be followed. Avoid naked lights, wear suitable protective gloves and goggles.

If refrigerant comes into contact with the skin or eyes, rinse the affected areas with water immediately. Eyes should also
be rinsed with an appropriate irrigation solution such as a solution of 9% Sodium Chloride and Purified W ater. DO NOT
RUB THE EYES AND SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION.

Air Conditioning Refrigerant

Do Not

Do Not expose refrigerant bottles to sunlight or heat.
Do Not expose refrigerant bottles to frost.
Do Not drop refrigerant bottles.
Do Not vent refrigerant to atmosphere under any circumstance.
Do Not mix refrigerants.

Adhesives and Sealants

Many adhesives and sealants are highly flammable – OBSERVE NO SMOKING POLICY. These items, should be stored in
flameproof cabinets in No Smoking areas. Cleanliness and tidiness in use should be observed, for example disposable
paper covering benches. All adhesives and sealants should be dispensed from applicators where possible; containers,
including secondary containers, should be labelled appropriately.

Anaerobic, Cyanoacrylate (super-glues) and other Acrylic Adhesives

Many are irritant, sensitizing or harmful to the skin and respiratory tract. Some are eye irritants.

Skin and eye contact should be avoided and the manufacturer's instructions followed.

Cyanoacrylate adhesives (super-glues) MUST NOT contact the skin or eyes. If skin or eye tissue is bonded, cover with a
clean moist pad and SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION. Do not attempt to pull skin tissue apart. Use in well
ventilated areas as vapors can cause irritation to the nose and eyes.

For two-pack systems see Resin-based and Isocyanate Adhesives/Sealers.

Solvent-based Adhesives/Sealers - See Solvents

Follow manufacturers instructions.

Water-based Adhesives/Sealers

Those based on polymer emulsions and rubber/latex may contain small amounts of volatile, toxic and harmful chemicals.
Skin and eye contact should be avoided and adequate ventilation provided during use.

Hot Melt Adhesives

In the solid state, they are safe. In the molten state they may cause burns and health hazards may arise from the
inhalation of toxic fumes.

Use appropriate protective clothing and a thermostatically controlled heater with a thermal cut-out and adequate
extraction.

Resin-based Adhesives/Sealers, for example Epoxide and Formaldehyde Resin-based

Mixing should be carried out in well ventilated areas as harmful or toxic volatile chemicals may be released.

Skin contact with uncured resins and hardeners can result in irritation, dermatitis, and absorption of toxic or harmful
chemicals through the skin. Splashes can damage the eyes.

Provide adequate ventilation and avoid skin and eye contact.

Isocyanate (Polyurethane) Adhesives/Sealers

See also Alkalis and Acids.

Gases released during battery charging are explosive. Always remove the battery from the vehicle prior to charging. Never
use naked flames or allow sparks near charging or recently charged batteries. NEVER add acid to a battery, the chemical
reaction produced will be violent and explosive. In cases of eye contact, wash affected area with copious amounts of water
and SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION.

Make sure there is adequate ventilation during battery charging, observe NO SMOKING POLICY.

Brake Pads and Linings

Always fit the correct grade and specification of brake pads and linings. When renewing pads and linings, always replace
as complete axle sets.

Brake and Clutch Fluid

Splashes to the skin and eyes are irritating and in the long term can be damaging, avoid prolonged skin contact. In cases
of eye contact, wash affected area with copious amounts of water and SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION.

Chemical Materials

All chemical materials should always be used with caution and stored and handled with care. They may be toxic, harmful,
corrosive, irritant or highly flammable and give rise to hazardous fumes and dusts.

The effects of excessive exposure to chemicals may be immediate or delayed; briefly experienced or permanent;
cumulative; superficial; life threatening; or may reduce life expectancy.

Chemical Materials - Do's

Do carefully read and observe hazard and precaution warnings given on material containers (labels) and in any
accompanying leaflets, posters or other instructions. Material health and safety data sheets can be obtained from
manufacturers.
Do remove chemical materials from the skin and clothing as soon as practicable after soiling. Change heavily soiled
clothing and have it cleaned.
Do organise work practices and protective clothing to avoid soiling of the skin and eyes.
Do avoid breathing vapors, aerosols, dusts or fumes; inadequate container labelling; fire and explosion hazards.
Do wash before job breaks, before eating, smoking, drinking or using toilet facilities when handling chemical
materials.
Do keep work areas clean, uncluttered and free of spills.
Do store chemical materials according to national and local regulations.
Do keep chemical materials out of the reach of children.

Chemical Materials - Do Not

Do Not mix chemical materials except under the manufacturers instructions; some chemicals can form other toxic or
harmful chemicals, give off toxic or harmful fumes or become explosive when mixed together.
Do Not spray chemical materials, particularly those based on solvents, in confined spaces, for example when people
are inside a vehicle.
Do Not apply heat or flame to chemical materials except under the manufacturers instructions. Some are highly
flammable and some may release toxic or harmful fumes.
Do Not leave containers open. Fumes given off can build up to toxic, harmful or explosive concentrations. Some
fumes are heavier than air and will accumulate in confined areas such as pits.
Do Not transfer chemical materials to unlabelled containers.
Do Not clean hands or clothing with chemicals. Chemicals, particularly solvents and fuels, will dry skin and may
cause irritation leading to dermatitis or be absorbed through the skin in toxic or harmful quantities.
Do Not use emptied containers for other materials except when they have been cleaned under supervised
conditions.
Do Not sniff or smell chemical materials, even brief exposure to high concentrations of fumes can be toxic or
harmful.

Corrosion Protection Materials

Some corrosion protection materials are highly flammable – observe NO SMOKING POLICY .

These materials are varied and the manufacturers instructions must always be followed. The materials may contain
solvents, resins or petroleum products. Skin and eye contact should be avoided. They should only be sprayed in conditions
of adequate ventilation and not in confined spaces.

Dust

Dust or powder produced during repair operations may be irritant, harmful or toxic. Avoid breathing dusts from powdery
chemical materials or those arising from dry abrasion operations. W ear respiratory protection if ventilation is inadequate.

Fine dusts of combustible material can present an explosion hazard. Avoid explosive limits and sources of ignition.

Electrical Equipment

Electric shock can result from the use of faulty electrical equipment or from the misuse of equipment in good condition.

Make sure that electrical equipment is maintained in good condition and frequently tested. Faulty equipment should be
labelled and preferably removed from the work station.

Make sure that flexes, cables, plugs and sockets are not frayed, kinked, cut, cracked or otherwise damaged. If using cable
reel extension equipment, ALW AYS ensure that the cable is fully unwound from the reel.

Make sure that electrical equipment and flexes do not come into contact with water.

Make sure that electrical equipment is protected by the correct rated fuse.

Never misuse electrical equipment and never use equipment which is in any way faulty. The results could be fatal.

Make sure that the cables of mobile electrical equipment cannot get trapped and damaged, such as in a vehicle hoist.

Make sure that the designated electrical workers are trained in basic First Aid.

In cases of electrocution:

Switch off the power supply before approaching the victim.
If this is not possible, DO NOT TOUCH THE VICTIM but push or drag the person from the source of electricity
using dry, non-conductive material.
Commence resuscitation if trained to do so.
SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION.

Exhaust Fumes

These contain asphyxiating, harmful and toxic chemicals and particles such as carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, aldehydes,
lead and aromatic hydrocarbons. Engines should be run only under conditions of adequate exhaust extraction or general
ventilation and not in confined spaces.

Gasoline (Petrol) engine

There may not be adequate warning of odour or of irritation before toxic or harmful effects arise. These may be immediate
or delayed.

Gas Oil (Diesel engine)

Soot, discomfort and irritation usually give adequate warning of hazardous fume concentrations.

Fibre Insulation

The fibrous nature of surfaces and cut edges can cause skin irritation. This is usually a physical and not a chemical effect.

Precautions should be taken to avoid excessive skin contact through careful organization of work practices and the use of
gloves.

Fire

Many of the materials found on or associated with the repair of vehicles are highly flammable. Some give off toxic or
harmful fumes if burnt; others such as fluoroelastomers when burnt or damaged by excessive heat can break down and
produce highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid - See Fluoroelastomers.

Should any material be in a burnt or overheated condition, handle with extreme caution and wear protective clothing when
handling such items. Dispose of such material in accordance with local regulations.

Decontaminate and dispose of protective clothing immediately after use.

Observe strict fire safety when storing and handling flammable materials or solvents, particularly near electrical equipment
or welding processes.

Make sure, before using electrical or welding equipment, that there is no fire hazard present.

Have a suitable fire extinguisher available when using welding or heating equipment.

First Aid

Apart from meeting any legal requirements it is desirable for someone in the workshop to be trained in First Aid
procedures.

Splashes in the eye should be flushed carefully with clean water for at least ten minutes.

Soiled skin should be washed with soap and water.

In case of cold burns, from alternative fuels, place affected area in cool to cold water.

Individuals affected by inhalation of gases and fumes should be removed to fresh air immediately. If effects persist,
consult a doctor.

If liquids are swallowed inadvertently, consult a doctor giving him the information on the container or label. Do not induce
vomiting unless this action is indicated on the label.

Fluoroelastomers (Synthetic Rubber)

Many 'O' rings, seals, hoses, flexible pipes and other similar which appear to be manufactured from natural rubber are, in
fact, made of synthetic materials called Fluoroelastomers.

Under normal operating conditions, these materials are safe and do not constitute a health hazard. However, if the
materials are damaged by burning or exposure to excessive heat, they can break down and produce highly corrosive
hydrofluoric acid.

WARNING: Contact with hydrofluoric acid can cause serious burns on contact with the skin. If skin contact does occur,

carry out the following steps immediately:

Remove any contaminated clothing.

SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION

Irrigate affected area of skin with copious amounts of cold water or limewater for 15 to 60 minutes.

Foams - Polyurethane

Used in sound and noise insulation. Cured foams used in seat and trim cushioning.

Unreacted components are irritating and may be harmful to the skin and eyes. W ear gloves and goggles.

Individuals with chronic respiratory diseases, asthma, bronchial medical problems, or histories of allergic diseases should
not work in or near uncured materials.

The components, vapors or spray mists can cause direct irritation, sensitivity reactions and may be toxic or harmful.

Vapors and spray mists must not be inhaled. These materials must be applied with adequate ventilation and respiratory
protection. Do not remove the respirator immediately after spraying, wait until the vapour/mists have cleared.

Burning of the uncured components and the cured foams can generate toxic and harmful fumes. Smoking, naked flames or
the use of electrical equipment during foaming operations and until vapors/mists have cleared should not be allowed. Any
heat cutting of cured foams or partially cured foams should be carried out in areas having suitable fume extraction
equipment.

Fuels

Avoid skin contact with fuel where possible. Should contact occur, wash the affected skin with soap and water.

Gasoline (Petrol)

Highly flammable - OBSERVE NO SMOKING POLICY.

Swallowing gasoline (petrol) can result in mouth and throat irritation and absorption from the stomach can result in
drowsiness and unconsciousness. Small amounts can be fatal to children. Inhalation into the lungs, through vomiting, is a
very serious hazard.

Gasoline (petrol) dries the skin and can cause irritation and prolonged or repeated contact may cause dermatitis; if it is
allowed to enter the eyes, it will cause severe smarting. W ash affected area with copious amounts of water and SEEK
IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION.

Gasoline (petrol) may contain appreciable quantities of benzene, which is toxic upon inhalation and the concentration of
vapors must be kept very low. High concentrations will cause eye, nose and throat irritation, nausea, headache, depression
and symptoms of drunkenness. Very high concentrations will result in rapid loss of consciousness.

Make sure there is adequate ventilation when handling and using gasoline (petrol). Great care must be taken to avoid the
serious consequences of inhalation in the event of vapour build up arising from spillages in confined spaces.

Special precautions apply to cleaning and maintenance operations on gasoline (petrol) storage tanks.

Gasoline (petrol) should not be used as a cleaning agent. It must not be siphoned by mouth.

Gas-oil (Diesel Fuel)

Combustible.

Prolonged skin contact with high boiling point gas oils (diesel fuel) may cause serious skin disorders including skin cancer.

Inhalation into the lungs will cause internal bleeding - SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION.

If swallowed, DO NOT induce vomiting - SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION.

Kerosene (Paraffin)

Used also as heating fuel, solvent and cleaning agent.

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