JAC Trucks. Manual - part 91

spline tooth which is cut at the
bottom on the other end of the
torsion rod, cover the hub splines on
the torsion rod and insert the spline
axle tube into the right bracket in the
cab.

荫

Tilt the cab forwards until the bolt

hole on the torsion rod arm aimed at
the screwed hole on the right bracket
in the cab, screw the bolt and tighten
it.

荫

Put the cab down slowly, and

check whether the cab is on the
state of suspending at the horizontal
direction after dropped down. If
normally, then lock the cab.
6) If find invalidation of the torsion
rod,

when

replacing,

operates

according to 4) 5).

Starting and running of the
vehicle

Starting of the vehicle

Inspection before starting
1. Check the volume of residual
water of the radiator; check the
lubricating oil quantity in the engine尧
gear box尧 rear axle尧steering gear,
check electrolyte quantity of the
battery, check the liquid level in the
oil tank, check the joint of pipe line
for leak.
2. Check the brake system院 Depress
the brake pedal and pull the parking
brake-operating lever and check the
braking effect.
3. Check the transmission system:
check the linkage of the transmission

system.
4. Check the steering mechanism:
check the free turning angle and free
play of the steering wheel, check the
bolt for looseness.
5. Check the electrical system: che-
ck electrical equipments尧 strip lam-
ps尧 instruments.
6. Check the gear and operating
mec -hanism of the transmission,
check the indicator of gear and
shifting.
7. Check the air pressure of the tire.
8. Check the driver tools and acce-
ssories.
9. Check the window glass for clea-
ning and clarity.
Starting of the engine
When starting the engine, put the

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shift bar on the neutral position, turn
on the ignition switch, check horns尧
instruments on the instrument panel尧
turning lamps尧 braking lamps尧 the
angle and position of the rear view
mirror.
1. Routine start
Turn the key to the START position
(shown in the right figure), the engine
can start. After starting, loosen the
accelerator pedal immediately and
keep the engine working in low
speed. Depressing the accelerator
pedal violently is forbidden.
2. Start in winter
When the weather is very cold, the
start of diesel engine can take fol鄄
lowing measures:

荫

Cooling water use hot water, and

unclose the drain switch when
adding hot water. When the hot water
flowed out and the engine body be鄄
came warmer, close the drain switch.

荫

Heat up the oil up to 80益耀90益,

and then add it into the oil pan.

荫

The engine equipped with glow

plug starts by preheating of glow

plug. When using glow plug, the time
connected to the power supply
should be less than 30 seconds ev鄄
ery time.
After starting the engine, check the
operating state of the engine and in鄄
struments at different rotating speed.
Especially check the oil pressure.
Check if there have leakage of wa鄄
ter尧 oil and gas, check whether the
oil level is normal and the engine
have abnormal noise. Check whether
the color of exhaust is normal.
3. After starting the engine, do not
depress the accelerator pedal vio鄄
lently, loosen the accelerator pedal to
keep the engine operating on idle for
some time. After the temperature of
engine rises and the engine operates

starting switch

stably, uplift the clutch pedal slowly.
4. Generally after the temperature of
engine become more than 60益 and
the operating (sound) of the engine
components尧the reading of instru鄄
ments are normal, the vehicle can
run. Do not run the vehicle in low
temperature to avoid intense wear of
the engine.
Starting and shifting of the vehicle
After engine operates normally, de鄄
press the clutch pedal, shift into low
gear, loosen the parking brake, and
press the horn once. Making sure
that the vehicle can be operated
safely, loosen the clutch pedal slowly
and depress the accelerator pedal
properly at the same time to start the
vehicle. After starting the vehicle, the

foot should get away from the clutch
pedal. Do not keep the foot on the
pedal to avoid the burning out of the
clutch friction disc. Loosen the clutch
pedal rapidly or depress the accel鄄
erator pedal insufficiently, the engine
can stop.
Note: Do not let the vehicle running
in the first or the second gear posi鄄
tion for long time to prevent from in鄄
creasing the wear and the fuel con鄄
sumption.
When running the vehicle, shift the
gear position according to the
change of the road and landform. If
find that the engine power is in
abundance and the rotating speed
rises, it illustrates that the primary
gear position is not appropriate, the

vehicle should be shifted to the next
fast gear hositlon in time. After shift鄄
ing, if not finding shortage of power
and chattering of transmission, the
shifting operation can be considered
right. If find shortage of power or the
vehicle speed decreases, the vehicle
should be shifted to a low gear posi鄄
tion. If the vehicle runs normally after
shifting, the shifting into low gear is
right.
For safety, when swerving尧passing
bridge and meeting, the vehicle can
run in moderate speed. On better
running condition, the vehicle can op鄄
erate in fast gear, and at this time the
vehicle speed is high, the fuel con鄄
sumption is low, the economy of fuel
is good.

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When shifting, do not just see the
shifting lever. You should watch for鄄
wards, hold the steering wheel
steadily with your left hand, let the
center of the palm in your right hand
stick to the top part of the shifting
lever and push or pull it to the right
position with the force of your right
wrist.

Running尧 swerving尧 turnarou -
nd尧 backing and braking of the
vehicle

Running
Keep enough distance to the forego鄄
ing vehicle when running on flat
road. Select vehicle speed according
to the vehicle model尧mission and
concrete condition of road, generally
select the speed of 50耀70 km/h.

Let the vehicle running in the first or
the second gear position when start鄄
ing, upgrading under heavy load and
running on bumpy road or on the
road having obstacles. But the vehi鄄
cle can not running in the first or the
second gear too long in normal run鄄
ning. When upgrading with heavy
load, shift the shifting lever into low
gear to avoid overloading of the en鄄
gine.
When running, do not increase or de鄄
crease the vehicle speed abruptly
and not shake the steering wheel
without reason, listen whether there is
abnormal noise or not, check the
reading and indicator lamp of all in鄄
struments for normalization. If find
abnormal noise or abnormal events,

stop the vehicle immediately and
check it, take necessary adjustment
and repair.
When downgrad, do not stall the
engine. When downgrading steep
ramp, shift the shifting lever into low
gear and take braking operation at
intervals to avoid the over fast of the
vehicle speed.
When running across shallow river or
loblolly, prevent the water from enter鄄
ing into air intake lines of the engine尧
rear axles and transmission case.
Check rear axles and transmission
case for entering water after pad鄄
dling. If find water, drain it and add
gear oil with specified quantity. After
paddling, the vehicle can not run in
high speed. You should depress the

braking pedal every now and then to
resume the braking performance as
soon as possible.
When running on the ice or snow
road, run with steady speed. Do not
take emergency braking and not turn
the steering wheel fiercely to avoid
the danger of skidding. Keep long
safety distance from the foregoing
vehicle. When running in heavy rain,
drive the vehicle more carefully to
avoid decreasing the braking perfor鄄
mance of the brake because of
moist.
Swerve
Swerve of the vehicle produces cen鄄
trifugal force which can be bigger
when the vehicle speed becomes
higher. The force can bring turning

over in the transverse direction in
serious condition. Therefore, at the
50 耀100 meters position before turn鄄
ing the vehicle, you should ring the
horn尧 turn on the turning lamp and
reduce the vehicle speed. When
running on the freezing and muddy
road or in the weather of heavy rain尧
fog尧 wind尧 sand, reduce the vehicle
speed to less than 10 km/h, swerve
the vehicle slowly alongside the right
side of the road. When swerving, turn
the steering wheel uniformly accord鄄
ing to the situation of road, the
swerving track should be transited
smoothly, the turning motion should
not be too great or too small. Do not
turn or return the steering wheel sud鄄
denly. Try your best to avoid taking

braking operation while turning the
steering wheel, especially emergen鄄
cy braking.
When steering, if find skidding of
front wheels, put up the accelerator
pedal and turn the steering wheel in
the contrary direction; if find skidding
of the rear wheels, turn the steering
wheel properly along the skidding
direction, and after the skidding
stops, correct the running direction.
Turning around
When turning around for 180毅, select
the square尧large -scale crossing or
flat broad road which have little traf鄄
fic flux and turn around the vehicle at
a time along the running direction. At
the 50耀100 meters position in front of
the turning spot, reduce the vehicle

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speed, shift into low gear and send
out the turning around signal.
When turning around with running
forwards and backwards, first send
out the turning around signal, reduce
the vehicle speed and run towards
the right side of road. When ap鄄
proaching the preset spot for turning
around, observe the situation of road,
turn the steering wheel to the left ex鄄
treme position rapidly and let the ve鄄
hicle running to the left side of road
slowly. When approaching the road鄄
side, return the steering wheel
rapidly. After observing the situation
behind the vehicle, start and turn
around the vehicle, turn the steering
wheel to the right extreme position at
the same time. When approaching

the roadside, return the steering
wheel rapidly and stop the vehicle. If
the turning around operation can not
be done once time, repeat the above
operations.
Backing
The operation of shifting into reverse
gear or shifting from reverse gear to
onward gear can be done after the
vehicle is stopped completely. After
shifting into the reverse gear, the
back -up lamp lights. The vehicle
speed must be less than 5 km/h
when backing. If the driver can not
discern the situation behind the ve鄄
hicle because the vehicle is loading
or other reasons, the backing oper鄄
ation must be commanded by one
person who is outside the vehicle.

Do not back the vehicle blindly.
Parking of the vehicle and stop of the
engine
When prepare for parking the vehi鄄
cle, the vehicle speed reduces or the
vehicle slides out of gear and indi鄄
cates with turning lamp. After the ve鄄
hicle parked, pull up the parking
brake lever. If the vehicle must be
parked on the road for some rea鄄
sons, park the vehicle near the road鄄
side and not park the vehicle on the
running lane. Under the exceptional
condition like breaking down in the
middle of the road, two caution
plates should be placed on the posi鄄
tion of 200 meters in front and be鄄
hind of the vehicle.
Avoid parking on the ramp. If the

vehicle must be parked on the ramp,
pull up the parking brake lever to the
extreme position, shift into low gear
and block the vehicle with triangular
chocks or stones to prevent it from
sliding. Note: Make sure that the
parking brake can work reliably when
parking on the ramp, at the same
time turn on the emergency warning
signal indicator lamp.
After parking, especially after the en鄄
gine operates with heavy load, do
not stall the engine immediately, but
keep the engine operating in low
speed for several minutes. After the
temperature of water decreases less
than 70益, then stop the engine.
When parking midway in winter, take
the heat preservation and antifreez鄄

ing measures for the engine. Prevent
the oil tank from insolation in sum鄄
mer.
After the vehicle runs a day, routine
service and inspection should be
done on the entire vehicle.

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Engine

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