Isuzu N-Series. Manual - part 118
3A-2 FRONT END ALIGNMENT
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Camber Angle
The reason why the camber is so important in wheel
alignment is that it affects greatly the tire wear and char-
acteristics. The front wheels of most cars lean slightly ei-
ther inward or outward when seen from the front. This tilt
of the wheel is called the camber. When the center line
of the tire is completely vertical to the road, the tire has
“zero camber”. In the positive camber, the wheels incline
outward at the tops while in the negative camber they in-
cline inward at the tops. Excessive positive camber
causes the outer edge of tire to excessively wear. On
the other hand, excessive negative camber causes the
inner edge of tire to wear.
Improper wheel camber setting will not only cause the
tires’ excessive wear, but also the tire will tend to move
in the direction of the wheel which has a larger camber
angle affecting the car’s straight traveling ability. When
measuring the camber, it is indicated by the angle.
Caster Angle
Caster is the angle between the rearward inclination of
king pin axis and a vertical center line of the wheel when
the car is seen from its side. Like camber, it is also indi-
cated by the angle. Caster angle affects greatly the
straight traveling ability of the car, steering wheel ma-
neuverability, self alignment effort and the returning abil-
ity of the car to the straight ahead position.
Toe-In
When seen from the top of the car, the front edges of the
front wheels are slightly closer each other. The amount
of this slight inward turning is called toe-in and usually
expressed by millimeter.
The toe-in can be calculated with next formula.
Toe-in = B
− A
Legend
1. Camber angle
2. Kingpin inclination
N3A0082E
Legend
1. Caster angle
N3A0083E
N3A0084E