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Tesla Model S (2022 year). Manual in english - page 6

Charging Instructions

• Heats or cools the Battery, if needed. If the Battery

• BLUE: Model S detects that a connector has been

requires heating or cooling, you may notice a delay

plugged in.

before charging begins.

• BLINKING BLUE: Model S is communicating with the

connector. Either Model S is preparing to charge, or a

NOTE: Whenever Model S is plugged in but not actively

charging session is scheduled to begin at a specified

charging, it draws energy from the wall outlet instead of

future time.

using energy stored in the Battery. For example, if you

• BLINKING GREEN: Charging is in progress. As

are sitting in Model S and using the touchscreen while

Model S approaches a full charge, the frequency of

parked and plugged in, Model S draws energy from the

the blinking slows.

wall outlet instead of the Battery.

• SOLID GREEN: Charging is complete.

CAUTION: The connector end of the charge cable

can damage the paint if you drop it onto Model S.

• SOLID AMBER: The connector is not fully plugged in.

Realign the connector to the charge port and insert

fully.

Charge Port Light

• BLINKING AMBER: Model S is charging at a reduced

current (AC charging only).

• WHITE (OR LIGHT BLUE): The charge port door is

open. Model S is ready to charge and the connector is

• RED: A fault is detected and charging has stopped.

not inserted, or the charge port latch is unlocked and

Check the instrument panel or touchscreen for an

the connector is ready to be removed.

alert.

Charging Status

Charging status displays on the instrument panel when the charge port door is open.

1. Time remaining: The estimated time remaining to charge to your set limit (see Charge Settings on page 167).

NOTE: When charging to 100%, the vehicle may continue to charge with low power when charging is displayed as

complete. This is expected operation. Because the added energy beyond this point is low, it is usually not

beneficial to continue charging.

2. Charging: The current power of the charger.

3. Charging rate: The maximum current available from the attached charge cable.

4. Range gained: Estimated increase in driving distance achieved in the charging session.

166

Charging Instructions

5. Driving distance: Displays the total estimated driving distance or energy percentage (depending on your display

setting) available.

NOTE: To change how energy units are displayed, touch Controls > Display > Energy Display.

6. Charge status: Charge status messages (such as Supercharging, Scheduled Charging) display here (see

Scheduled Charging and Scheduled Departure on page 168).

NOTE: You can also release the latch using the

During Charging

touchscreen or mobile app, or by pressing and

holding the rear trunk button on the key fob. If your

During charging, the charge port light pulses green, and

vehicle is equipped with a motorized charge port,

the touchscreen displays real-time charging status. The

you can also press the button to the left of the

frequency at which the green charge port light pulses

charge port to release the latch.

slows down as the charge level approaches full. When

charging is complete, the light stops pulsing and is solid

2. Pull the connector from the charge port. The charge

green.

port door automatically closes.

NOTE: If Model S is locked, the charge port light does

To disconnect the charge cable when using an adapter

not light up.

at a public charge station:

If the charge port light turns red while charging, a fault

1. Unlock Model S.

is detected. Check the instrument panel or touchscreen

for an alert describing the fault. A fault can occur due to

2. While holding the public charging handle in one hand

something as common as a power outage. If a power

and the adapter in the other hand, press and hold the

outage occurs, charging resumes automatically when

button on the public charging handle and pull both

power is restored.

outwards, removing the handle and adapter at the

same time.

NOTE: It is normal to hear sounds during charging.

NOTE: If the charging station handle separates from

Particularly at high currents, the refrigerant compressor

and fan operate as needed to keep the Battery cool.

the adapter, leaving the adapter in Model S, use the

touchscreen to unlock the charge port.

NOTE: Air conditioning performance is generally not

affected by charging. However, in some circumstances

3. Press and hold the button on the charging handle

(for example, charging at high currents during a

again to release the adapter from the public charging

particularly warm day), the air coming from the vents

handle.

may not be as cool as expected and a message displays

on the instrument panel. This is normal and ensures that

NOTE: The charge port door automatically closes within

the Battery stays within an optimum temperature range

approximately 10 seconds of removing the connector

while charging to support longevity and optimum

from the charge port.

performance.

CAUTION: Tesla strongly recommends leaving

WARNING: Never spray liquid at a high velocity

Model S plugged in when not in use. This maintains

(for example, a pressure washer) towards the

the Battery at the optimum level of charge.

charge port while charging. Doing so can result in

serious injury or damage to the vehicle, charging

equipment, or property.

Charge Settings

Access charge settings by touching Controls > Charging

Stopping Charging

when Model S is in Park.

Stop charging at any time by disconnecting the charge

When charging, you can also touch the

cable or touching Stop Charging on the touchscreen.

charge icon on the touchscreen to access

charge settings.

NOTE: To prevent unauthorized unplugging of the

charge cable, the charge cable latch remains locked and

Model S must be unlocked or able to recognize your key

before you can disconnect the charge cable.

NOTE:

To disconnect the charge cable:

1. Press and hold the button on the connector handle to

release the latch.

Using the Touchscreen

167

Charging Instructions

• Schedule: Depending on the setting you select by

touching Switch to Scheduled Departure/Scheduled

Charging, this displays either a departure time for

when the vehicle should be preconditioned and/or

charged by or a time to start charging (see

Scheduled Charging and Scheduled Departure on

page 168).

• Supercharging: Displays supercharger usage fees, the

location, the time that charging started, and a cost

estimate for the session (see Supercharger Usage

Fees and Idle Fees on page 169).

1. Driving distance: Displays the total estimated driving

NOTE: To reduce congestion at high-usage

distance available.

supercharger sites, you may be limited to a maximum

2. Set limit: Adjust the charge limit by dragging the

charge of 80% when not using Trip Planner (if

arrow below the battery to indicate the level of

available in your market region). See Trip Planner on

charging you want. The setting you choose applies to

page 135).

immediate and scheduled charging sessions.

NOTE: A portion of the battery image may appear

blue. This indicates that a small portion of the energy

Scheduled Charging and Scheduled

stored in the battery is not available because the

Departure

battery is cold. This is normal and no reason for

concern. When the battery warms up, the blue

Toggle between Scheduled Departure and Scheduled

portion no longer displays.

Charging by touching Controls > Charging > Switch to

Scheduled Charging/Scheduled Departure when

You can further adjust charge settings:

Model S is in Park.

NOTE: Scheduled Charging/Scheduled Departure

• Open Charge Port, Unlock Charge Port and Stop

settings are also available on the Climate Controls

Charging: When not charging, touch Open Charge

screen and in the Tesla mobile app.

Port or Unlock Charge Port to open the charge port

door or to unlock the charge cable from the charge

Think of Scheduled Charging as "When do I want

port. Use Stop Charging when you are finished

charging to start?" compared to Scheduled Departure

charging.

Off-Peak Charging which is "When do I want charging to

• Charge current at this location: The current

be complete?"

automatically sets to the maximum current available

from the attached charge cable, unless it was

Scheduled Charging can be used together with

previously reduced to a lower level. If needed, touch -

Scheduled Departure Preconditioning but not with

or + to change the current (for example, you may

Scheduled Departure Off-Peak Charging.

want to reduce the current if you are concerned

about overloading a domestic wiring circuit shared

Scheduled Charging/Scheduled Departure settings are

by other equipment). It is not possible to set the

automatically saved for each location.

charging current to a level that exceeds the maximum

available from the attached charge cable. When you

NOTE: If you plug in Model S with both Off-Peak

change the current, Model S remembers the location.

Charging and Scheduled Charging deselected, your

If you charge at the same location, you do not need

vehicle charges immediately.

to change it again.

NOTE: If Model S is charging and detects unexpected

Using Scheduled Charging

fluctuations in input power, the charging current is

automatically reduced by 25%. For example, a

Use Scheduled Charging to specify a daily time in which

40 amp current is reduced to 30 amps. This

you want Model S to start charging.

automatic current reduction increases robustness and

safety in situations when an external problem exists

With Scheduled Charging selected, enable the feature

(for example, a home wiring system, receptacle,

then set a daily time to start charging.

adapter or cord is unable to meet its rated current

capacity). As a precaution, when Model S

NOTE: Scheduled Charging starts charging immediately

automatically reduces current, it saves the reduced

if Model S is plugged in up to 6 hours after the

current at the charging location. Although you can

scheduled start time. However, if Model S is plugged in

manually increase it, Tesla recommends charging at

after six hours of the scheduled charging time, charging

the lower current until the underlying problem is

may not start until the scheduled time on the next day.

resolved and the charging location can provide

consistent power.

168

Charging Instructions

NOTE: The release cable may be recessed within the

opening of the trim.

4. Pull the charge cable from the charge port.

CAUTION: Use the release cable only in situations

where you can not release the charge cable using

the usual methods. Continuous use can damage

the release cable or charging equipment.

WARNING: Do not perform this procedure when

your vehicle is charging, or if any orange high

voltage conductors are exposed. Failure to follow

these instructions can result in electric shock and

serious injury or damage to the vehicle. If you are

uncertain as to how to safely perform this

procedure, contact your nearest Service Center.

170

Maintenance

WARNING: Contact Tesla immediately if you notice

any significant or sudden drop in fluid levels or

uneven tire wear.

Fluid Replacement Intervals

Your Battery coolant does not need to be replaced for

the life of your vehicle under most circumstances. Brake

fluid should be checked every 2 years, replacing if

necessary*.

*If the vehicle is used for towing, the brake fluid should

be replaced every 2 years regardless of the health check.

NOTE: Any damage caused by opening the Battery

coolant reservoir is excluded from the warranty.

High Voltage Safety

Your Model S has been designed and built with safety as

a priority. However, be aware of these precautions to

protect yourself from the risk of injury inherent in all

high-voltage systems:

• Read and follow all instructions provided on the

labels that are attached to Model S. These labels are

there for your safety.

• The high voltage system has no user-serviceable

parts. Do not disassemble, remove or replace high

voltage components, cables or connectors. High

voltage cables are colored orange for easy

identification.

• If a collision occurs, do not touch any high voltage

wiring, connectors, or components connected to the

wiring.

• In the unlikely event that a fire occurs, immediately

contact your local fire emergency responders.

WARNING: Always disconnect the charge cable

before working underneath Model S, even if

charging is not in progress.

WARNING: Keep your hands and clothing away

from cooling fans. Some fans operate even when

Model S is powered off.

WARNING: Some fluids (battery acid, Battery

coolant, brake fluid, windshield washer additives,

etc.) used in vehicles are poisonous and should not

be inhaled, swallowed, or brought into contact

with open wounds. For your safety, always read

and follow instructions printed on fluid containers.

172

Tire Care and Maintenance

NOTE: Your vehicle’s tire pressures will drop in cold

Displaying Tire Pressures

ambient temperatures. If the TPMS indicator light

appears, inflate the tires before driving. The tires will

Display tire pressures on the touchscreen by touching

lose one PSI for every 10° F (6° C) drop in outside

Controls > Service. The pressure of each tire displays in

temperature. Proper tire pressures help protect tires

the visualization of your Model S, in addition to what

from potholes and improve range when properly

time your tire pressures were last measured. You can

inflated.

choose whether you want to display tire pressures using

Bar or PSI by touching Controls > Display > Tire

WARNING: Under-inflation is the most common

Pressure. The touchscreen also displays your vehicle's

cause of tire failures and can cause a tire to

recommended cold tire pressures so you can easily

overheat, resulting in severe tire cracking, tread

determine how much to inflate your tires.

separation, or blowout, resulting in unexpected

loss of vehicle control and increased risk of injury.

NOTE: You may need to drive briefly before the

Under-inflation also reduces the vehicle's range

visualization displays the tire pressure values.

and tire tread life.

WARNING: Check tire pressures using an accurate

Maintaining Tire Pressures

pressure gauge when tires are cold. It takes only

about one mile (1.6 km) of driving to warm up the

tires su…ciently to affect tire pressures. Parking

Keep tires inflated to the pressures shown on the Tire

the vehicle in direct sunlight or in hot weather can

and Loading Information label, even if it differs from the

also affect tire pressures. If you must check warm

pressure printed on the tire itself. The Tire and Loading

tires, expect increased pressures. Do not let air out

Information label is located on the center door pillar and

of warm tires in an attempt to match

is visible when the front door is open.

recommended cold tire pressures. A hot tire at or

below the recommended cold tire inflation

pressure is dangerously under-inflated.

Checking and Adjusting Tire Pressures

Follow these steps when tires are cold and Model S has

been stationary for over three hours:

1. Refer to the Tire and Loading Information label

located on the driver’s center door pillar for the

target tire pressure.

2. Remove the valve cap.

3. Firmly press an accurate tire pressure gauge onto the

valve to measure pressure.

4. If required, add or remove air to reach the

recommended pressure.

NOTE: You can release air by pressing the metal stem

in the center of the valve.

5. Re-check pressure using the accurate tire gauge.

The Tire Pressure indicator light on the

6. Repeat steps 3 and 4 as necessary until the tire

instrument panel alerts you if one or more

pressure is correct.

tires is under- or over-inflated.

7. Reinstall the valve cap to prevent dirt from entering.

Periodically check the valve for damage and leaks.

The Tire Pressure indicator light does not immediately

Inspecting and Maintaining Tires

turn off when you adjust tire pressure. After inflating the

tire to the recommended pressure, you must drive over

Regularly inspect the tread and side walls for any sign of

15 mph (25 km/h) for a short amount of time to activate

distortion (bulges), foreign objects, cuts or wear.

the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), which turns

off the Tire Pressure indicator light.

WARNING: Do not drive Model S if a tire is

damaged, excessively worn, or inflated to an

If the indicator light flashes for one minute whenever

incorrect pressure. Check tires regularly for wear,

you power on Model S, a fault with the TPMS is detected

and ensure there are no cuts, bulges or exposure

(see TPMS Malfunction on page 176).

of the ply/cord structure.

Maintenance

173

Tire Care and Maintenance

NOTE: Regardless of the number of tires replaced, a

1. Align the aero cover into position so that the notch at

complete set of matching tires is recommended for

the base of the Tesla "T" is aligned with the tire's

optimum performance.

valve stem.

2. Push firmly around the perimeter of the aero cover

If tires other than those specified are used, ensure that

until it fully snaps into place.

the load and speed ratings marked on the tire (see

Understanding Tire Markings on page 195) equal or

For Gemini wheels, press on the perimeter of the

exceed those of the original specification.

cover until it aligns with the wheel surface. Press on

the Tesla “T” in the center until the cap snaps into

For the specification of the original wheels and tires

place. See Parts and Accessories on page 186 for

installed on Model S, see Wheels and Tires on page 194.

more information.

If you replace a wheel, the TPMS (Tire Pressure

CAUTION: To prevent the aero cover from

Monitoring System) sensors need to be reset to ensure

falling off, ensure that it is fully secured before

they provide accurate warnings when tires are under- or

driving.

over-inflated (see Automatic Reset of TPMS Sensors on

page 176).

WARNING: For your safety, use only tires and

Wheel Configuration

wheels that match the original specification. Tires

that do not match the original specification can

If you are installing new wheels or swapping them for

affect the operation of the TPMS.

different ones, update your vehicle's wheel configuration

WARNING: Never exceed the speed rating of your

by touching Controls > Wheel Configuration > Wheels.

vehicle's tires. The speed rating is shown on the

This allows Model S to learn the new wheels and provide

sidewall of your tires (see Understanding Tire

more accurate status updates on your vehicle. Select a

Markings on page 195).

wheel from the drop down menu that matches the new

wheels you plan to install on Model S. Selecting new

wheels in the wheel configuration also changes the

Asymmetric Tires

wheels that appear on your vehicle's avatar on the

touchscreen.

Model S tires are asymmetric and must be mounted on

the wheel with the correct sidewall facing outward. The

Ensure you are aware if your vehicle is equipped with

sidewall of the tire is marked with the word OUTSIDE.

staggered wheels, meaning the wheels are different

When new tires are installed, make sure that the tires are

sizes in the front and rear. Check the front and rear tire

correctly mounted on the wheels.

sizes marked on the tire sidewall to see if they match or

are different sizes. If the wheels are staggered, take

extra precaution to ensure the new wheels you install are

staggered in the same way as the previous wheels.

NOTE: Changing your vehicle's wheel configuration can

impact range estimates, tire pressure warning levels, and

vehicle visualization.

WARNING: Only use Tesla-approved wheels when

installing or swapping wheels. Using non Tesla-

WARNING: Road holding is seriously impaired if

approved wheels can cause serious damage. Tesla

the tires are incorrectly installed on the wheels.

is not liable for damage caused by using wheels

not approved by Tesla.

Removing and Installing Aero Covers

Tire Pressure Monitoring

If your Model S is equipped with aero covers, you must

remove them to access the lug nuts.

Each tire should be checked monthly when cold and

inflated to the recommended pressures that are printed

To remove an aero cover:

on the Tire and Loading Information label located on the

driver’s door pillar (see Maintaining Tire Pressures on

1. Grasp the aero cover firmly with both hands.

page 173). If your vehicle has tires of a different size than

the size indicated on the vehicle placard or tire inflation

2. Pull the aero cover toward you to release the

pressure label, determine the proper tire inflation

retaining clips.

pressure for those tires.

To install an aero cover:

Maintenance

175

Tire Care and Maintenance

As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been

TPMS Malfunction

equipped with a TPMS that displays a tire pressure

telltale (Tire Pressure Warning) on the instrument panel

Model S has also been equipped with a TPMS

when one or more of your tires is significantly under- or

malfunction indicator to indicate when the system is not

over-inflated. Accordingly, when the Tire Pressure

operating properly.

indicator light displays on the instrument panel to alert

you about tire pressure, stop and check your tires as

soon as possible, and inflate them to the proper pressure

The TPMS malfunction indicator is

(see Maintaining Tire Pressures on page 173). Driving on

combined with the tire pressure indicator

a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to

light. When the system detects a

malfunction, the indicator flashes for

overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also

reduces range e…ciency and tire tread life, and may

approximately one minute, then remains

affect the vehicle's handling and stopping ability.

continuously lit. This sequence continues

upon subsequent vehicle start-ups as long

as the malfunction exists. When the TPMS

If Model S detects a fault with the TPMS,

malfunction indicator is on, the system

this indicator flashes for one minute

might not be able to detect or signal

whenever you power on Model S.

under- or over-inflated tires as intended.

TPMS malfunctions can occur for a variety of reasons,

NOTE: Installing accessories that are not approved by

including installing replacement or alternate tires or

Tesla can interfere with the TPMS.

wheels that prevent the TPMS from functioning properly.

Always check the TPMS malfunction indicator light after

WARNING: The TPMS is not a substitute for proper

replacing one or more tires or wheels on your vehicle to

tire maintenance, including manually checking tire

ensure that the replacement tires or wheels allow the

pressures and regularly inspecting the condition of

TPMS to continue to function properly.

tires. It is the driver's responsibility to maintain

correct tire pressure, even if under- or over-

NOTE: If a tire has been replaced or repaired using a

inflation has not reached the level for the TPMS to

different tire sealant than the one available from Tesla,

trigger the Tire Pressure Warning on the

and a low tire pressure is detected, it is possible that the

instrument panel.

tire sensor has been damaged. Contact Tesla to have the

fault repaired as soon as possible.

Automatic Reset of TPMS Sensors

Seasonal Tire Types

After replacing one or more wheels (but not after

replacing a tire), the TPMS sensors are relearned to

Understand Your Tire Type

ensure tire pressure warnings are accurate. TPMS

sensors reset automatically within two minutes of

driving over 15 mph (25 km/h).

The type of tires that your vehicle is originally equipped

with depends on vehicle model and market region. It is

WARNING: If your Model S is equipped with

important to understand the capabilities of your

aftermarket tires that differ in size from those

vehicle's tires and whether they are suited for summer,

printed on the Tire and Loading Information Label

all-season, or winter driving. Check the information on

(see Vehicle Loading on page 188), it is the

the sidewall of a tire for information about a tire's

driver's responsibility to determine the correct tire

performance characteristics (see Understanding Tire

pressure. Do not drive on public roads when tires

Markings on page 195)

are not inflated to the correct pressure.

WARNING: Do not depend on TPMS sensors to

Summer and All-Season Tires

accurately determine pressures and trigger alerts.

It is the driver's responsibility to maintain correct

Summer tires and all season tires are designed for

tire pressures (see Maintaining Tire Pressures on

maximum dry and wet road performance but are not

page 173). Over or under-inflated tires can result in

designed to perform well in winter conditions. All-

loss of control or tire damage, which can lead to

season tires are designed to provide adequate traction

serious injury.

in most conditions year-round, but may not provide the

same level of traction as winter tires in snowy or icy

Replacing a Tire Sensor

conditions. All-season tires can be identified by “ALL

SEASON" and/or "M+S” (mud and snow) on the tire

sidewall.

If the Tire Pressure warning indicator displays frequently,

contact Tesla to determine if a tire sensor needs to be

If driving in cold temperatures or on roads where snow

replaced. If a non-Tesla Service Center repairs or

or ice may be present, Tesla recommends using winter

replaces a tire, the tire sensor may not work until Tesla

tires. If not equipped with winter tires, contact Tesla for

performs the setup procedure.

winter tire recommendations.

176

Tire Care and Maintenance

WARNING: In cold temperatures or on snow or ice,

• Set air suspension (if equipped) to Medium and turn

summer and all-season tires do not provide

off the Default Ride Height to Low setting (see Air

adequate traction. Selecting and installing the

Suspension on page 146).

appropriate tires for winter conditions is important

• Set air suspension to Medium and turn off the Default

to ensure the safety and optimum performance of

Ride Height to Low setting.

your Model S.

• Avoid heavily loading Model S (heavy loads can

reduce the clearance between the tires and the

Winter Tires

body).

• Do not drive the vehicle without the chains properly

Use winter tires to increase traction in snowy or icy

conditions. When installing winter tires, always install a

installed.

complete set of four tires at the same time. Winter tires

• Drive slowly. Do not exceed 30 mph (48 km/h).

must be the same diameter, brand, construction and

• Remove the tire chains as soon as conditions allow.

tread pattern on all four wheels. Contact Tesla for winter

tire recommendations.

NOTE: Tire chains are prohibited in some jurisdictions.

Check local laws before installing tire chains.

Winter tires can be identified by a

mountain/snowflake symbol on the tire's

CAUTION: Using non-recommended tire chains, or

sidewall.

using tire chains on other sized tires can damage

the suspension, body, wheels, and/or brake lines.

Damage caused by using non-recommended tire

chains, or incorrectly installing tire chains, is not

covered by the warranty.

When driving with winter tires, you may experience

more road noise, shorter tread life, and less traction on

CAUTION: Never deflate your tires to put on tire

dry roads.

chains. When re-inflated, the chains might fit too

tightly and cause tire damage.

Driving in Low Temperatures

CAUTION: Ensure that the tire chains cannot touch

suspension components or brake lines. If you hear

Tire performance is reduced in low ambient

the chains making unusual noises that would

temperatures, resulting in reduced grip and an increased

indicate contact with Model S, stop and investigate

susceptibility to damage from impacts. Performance

immediately.

tires (summer applications) have reduced traction in

ambient temperatures below 40° F (5° C), and are not

recommended in snow/ice conditions. Performance tires

can temporarily harden when cold, causing you to hear

rotational noise for the first few miles (kilometers) until

the tires warm up.

Using Tire Chains

Tesla has tested and approved the following tire chains

to increase traction in snowy conditions. Tire chains

should only be installed on the rear tires. The approved

tire chains can be purchased from Tesla.

Tire Size

Recommended Chain

19"

KONIG K-SUMMIT

Do not use tire chains on 21" tires.

When installing tire chains, follow the instructions and

warnings provided by the tire chain manufacturer. Mount

them evenly and as tight as possible.

When using tire chains:

• Inspect the tire chains for loose fittings and damaged

links before each use.

Maintenance

177

Cleaning

Cleaning the Exterior

Car Wash Mode

To prevent damage to the paint, immediately remove

When taking Model S to a car wash, Car Wash Mode

corrosive substances (bird droppings, tree resin, dead

closes all windows, locks the charge port, and disables

insects, tar spots, road salt, industrial fallout, etc.). Do

windshield wipers, Sentry Mode, walk-away door

not wait until Model S is due for a complete wash. If

locking, and parking sensor chimes. To enable, touch

necessary, use denatured alcohol to remove tar spots

Controls > Service > Car Wash Mode. Your vehicle must

and stubborn grease stains, then immediately wash the

be stationary and not actively charging.

area with water and a mild, non-detergent soap to

remove the alcohol.

If using an automatic car wash, Enable Free Roll keeps

your vehicle in Neutral and activates free roll for the

Keep the exterior cameras free of dirt, condensation, or

duration of the wash, while preventing Model S from

obstructions. These substances can cause unclear

applying the Parking brake if you leave the driver's seat.

pictures or Autopilot and safety features to stop

To enable, press on the brake pedal and touch Enable

working (see Cleaning a Camera on page 178).

Free Roll; or shift into Neutral.

Follow these steps when washing the exterior of

Car Wash Mode disables if the vehicle's speed exceeds 9

Model S:

mph (15 km/h) or by touching Exit on the touchscreen.

1. Rinse Thoroughly

CAUTION: Failure to put Model S in Car Wash

Mode may result in damage (for example, to the

Before washing, flush grime and grit from the vehicle

charge port or windshield wipers). Damage caused

using a hose. Flush away accumulations of mud in

by car washes is not covered by the warranty.

areas where debris easily collects (such as wheel

wells and panel seams). If salt has been used on the

Cleaning a Camera

highways (such as during winter months), thoroughly

rinse all traces of road salt from the underside of the

To ensure a clear picture, the camera lens must be clean

vehicle, wheel wells, and brakes.

and free of obstructions. Remove any build-up of dirt or

debris by spraying water onto the camera lens with a

2. Hand Wash

spray bottle or pressure washer.

Hand wash Model S using a clean soft cloth and cold

or lukewarm water containing a mild, high-quality car

CAUTION: Do not attempt to remove dirt or debris

shampoo.

by wiping an exposed lens with your hands or a

cloth. This debris can damage the surface of the

CAUTION: Some cleaners and car shampoos

lens when rubbed against it during wiping.

contain chemicals that can cause damage or

discoloration, especially to plastic trim pieces,

CAUTION: Do not use chemical-based or abrasive

lamps, or camera lenses. For example, some car

cleaners. Doing so can damage the surface of the

cleaning formulas contain hydroxide or other

lens.

highly alkaline or caustic ingredients that can

damage exterior components. Damage or

Cautions for Exterior Cleaning

discoloration resulting from cleaning products

is not covered by the warranty.

CAUTION: Do not wash in direct sunlight.

3. Rinse with Clean Water

CAUTION: Do not use windshield treatment fluids.

After washing, rinse with clean water to prevent soap

Doing so can interfere with wiper friction and

from drying on the surfaces.

cause a chattering sound.

CAUTION: Do not use hot water, detergents, or

4. Dry Thoroughly and Clean Exterior Glass

highly alkaline or caustic cleaning products,

especially those containing hydroxide.

After washing and rinsing, dry thoroughly with a

CAUTION: If using a pressure washer, maintain a

chamois. If necessary, dry the brakes by going on a

distance of at least 12" (30 cm) between the

short drive and applying the brakes multiple times.

nozzle and the surface of Model S. Avoid aiming

the water jet directly at parking sensors (if

Clean windows and mirrors using an automotive glass

equipped). Keep the nozzle moving and do not

cleaner. Do not scrape, or use any abrasive cleaning

concentrate the water jet on any one area.

fluid on glass or mirrored surfaces.

CAUTION: Do not aim water hoses directly at

windows, door, or hood seals or at electronic

modules or exposed cabling.

178

Cleaning

CAUTION: To avoid corrosive damage that may

Airbags

not be covered by the warranty, rinse away any

road salt from the underside of the vehicle, wheel

Do not allow any substance to enter an airbag cover.

wells, and brakes. After cleaning the vehicle, dry

This could affect correct operation.

the brakes by going on a short drive and applying

the brakes multiple times.

Dashboard and Plastic Surfaces

CAUTION: Avoid using tight-napped or rough

cloths, such as washing mitts. A high-quality

microfiber cleaning cloth is recommended.

Do not polish the upper surfaces of the dashboard.

Polished surfaces are reflective and could interfere with

CAUTION: If washing in an automatic car wash, use

your driving view.

touchless car washes only. These car washes have

no parts (brushes, etc.) that touch the surfaces of

Model S. Some touchless car washes use caustic

Seats

solutions that, over time, can cause discoloration

of decorative exterior trim. Avoid exposure to

Wipe spills and chemical residues from interior surfaces

soaps and chemicals above pH 13. If unsure, check

as soon as possible using a soft cloth moistened with

the product label or ask the staff at the car wash.

warm water and non-detergent soap. Wipe gently in a

Damage caused by improper washing is not

circular motion. Then wipe dry using a soft, lint-free

covered by the warranty.

cloth.

CAUTION: If washing in an automatic car wash,

Although seating surfaces are designed to repel stains,

make sure the vehicle is locked. In addition, avoid

using controls on the touchscreen that can result

Tesla recommends regular cleaning to maintain

in accidentally opening doors or trunks while the

performance and an as-new appearance. Promptly treat

dye transfer from clothing, such as indigo-dyed denim.

vehicle is being washed. Any damage caused is

Avoid contact with harsh chemicals, including certain

not covered by the warranty.

cosmetics. Never use cleaners containing alcohol or

CAUTION: Ensure the wipers are off before

bleach. Spot-test cleaners on an inconspicuous area

washing Model S to avoid the risk of damaging the

before applying to visible surfaces.

wipers.

CAUTION: Do not use chemical based wheel

If equipped with leather seats, note that leather is prone

to dye-transfer which can cause discoloration,

cleaners or pre-wash products. These can damage

particularly on light colored leather. White and tan

the finish on the wheels.

leather is coated with an anti-soiling treatment. Using

WARNING: Never spray liquid at a high velocity

detergents or commercially available leather cleaners

(for example, if using a pressure washer) towards

and conditioners is not recommended because they can

the charge port while Model S is charging. Failure

discolor or dry out the leather.

to follow these instructions can result in serious

injury or damage to the vehicle, charging

Vacuum cloth seats as needed to remove any loose dirt.

equipment, or property.

CAUTION: Aftermarket, non-Tesla seat covers may

inhibit the sensitivity of a seat's occupancy sensors

Cleaning the Interior

and may cause staining or damage.

Frequently inspect and clean the interior to maintain its

CAUTION: The front seats are equipped with

appearance and to prevent premature wear. If possible,

microphones (see Active Road Noise Reduction on

immediately wipe up spills and remove marks. For

page 24) that must not be exposed to liquids. To

general cleaning, wipe interior surfaces using a soft cloth

prevent damage to these microphones when

(such as microfiber) dampened with a mixture of warm

cleaning, do not over-saturate the area of the seats

water and mild non-detergent cleaner (test all cleaners

where these microphones are located.

on a concealed area before use). To avoid streaks, dry

immediately with a soft lint-free cloth.

Carpets

Interior Glass

Avoid over-wetting carpets. For heavily soiled areas, use

a diluted upholstery cleaner.

Do not scrape, or use any abrasive cleaning fluid on

glass or mirrored surfaces. This can damage the

Seat Belts

reflective surface of the mirror and the heating elements

in the rear window.

Extend the belts to wipe. Do not use any type of

detergent or chemical cleaning agent. Allow the belts to

dry naturally while extended, preferably away from

direct sunlight.

Maintenance

179

Cleaning

Door Seals

• Filling compounds that fill scratches and reduce their

visibility.

Wipe door seals with a damp cloth to remove any

• Wax to provide a protective coating between the

debris. Excessive debris on the door seals can cause

paint and environmental elements.

paint damage when contacting surrounding surfaces.

Avoid using alcohol wipes or any chemical products that

Regularly inspect the exterior paint for damage. Treat

can potentially deteriorate the coating on the door seals.

minor chips and scratches using a paint touch-up pen

(available for purchase from Tesla). Use the touch-up

pen after washing but before polishing or waxing.

Touchscreen, Rear Touchscreen, and

Instrument Panel

Repair rock chips, fractures or scratches. Refer to

https://www.tesla.com/support/body-shop-support for

Clean the touchscreen and instrument panel using a soft

more information on repair locations and available

lint-free cloth specifically designed to clean monitors

services.

and displays. Do not use cleaners (such as a glass

cleaner) or alcohol-based gel products (such as hand

CAUTION: Do not use cutting pastes, color

sanitizer) and do not use a wet wipe or a dry statically-

restoration compounds, or polishes containing

charged cloth (such as a recently washed microfiber). To

harsh abrasives. These can scour the surface and

wipe the touchscreen without activating buttons and

permanently damage the paint.

changing settings, you can enable Screen Clean Mode.

CAUTION: Do not use chrome polish or other

Touch Controls > Display > Screen Clean Mode. The

abrasive cleaners.

display darkens to make it easy to see dust and

smudges. To exit Screen Clean Mode, press and hold

HOLD TO EXIT.

Using a Car Cover

To preserve the cosmetic appearance of the body when

Chrome and Metal Surfaces

Model S is not being used, use a genuine Tesla car cover.

Car covers can be purchased from Tesla. See Parts and

Polish, abrasive cleaners, alcohol-based gel products

Accessories on page 186.

(such as hand sanitizer), and hard cloths can damage

the finish on chrome and metal surfaces.

Cautions for Interior Cleaning

CAUTION: Using solvents (including alcohol),

alcohol-based gel products (such as hand

sanitizer), bleach, citrus, naphtha, or silicone-based

products or additives on interior components can

cause damage.

CAUTION: Statically-charged materials can cause

damage to the touchscreen or instrument panel.

WARNING: If you notice any damage on an airbag

or seat belt, contact Tesla immediately.

WARNING: Do not allow any water, cleaners, or

fabric to enter a seat belt mechanism.

WARNING: Exposure to chemical cleaners can be

CAUTION: Use only a Tesla-approved car cover

hazardous and can irritate eyes and skin. Read and

when Model S is plugged in. Using a non-Tesla car

observe the instructions provided by the

cover can prevent the Battery from being

manufacturer of the chemical cleaner.

adequately cooled during charging.

Polishing, Touch Up, and Body

Floor Mats

Repair

To extend the life of your carpet and make them easier

To preserve the cosmetic appearance of the body, you

to clean, use genuine Tesla floor mats (see Parts and

can occasionally treat the paint surfaces with an

Accessories on page 186). Maintain floor mats by

approved polish containing:

regularly cleaning them and checking that they are

properly attached. Replace floor mats if they become

excessively worn.

• Very mild abrasive to remove surface contamination

without removing or damaging the paint.

180

Wiper Blades and Washer Jets

CAUTION: Wiper blades do not lock into a lifted

Checking and Cleaning Wiper

position. Do not lift a wiper arm beyond its

Blades

intended position.

4. Place a towel between the wiper arm and windshield

Periodically clean the edge of the wiper blades and

to avoid scratching or cracking the windshield.

check the rubber for cracks, splits, and roughness. If

damaged, replace the blade immediately to prevent

5. Hold the wiper arm and press the locking tab while

damage to the glass and improve visibility.

sliding the blade down the arm.

Contaminants on the windshield, or on the wiper blades,

can reduce the effectiveness of the wipers.

Contaminants include ice, wax spray from car washes,

washer fluid with bug and/or water repellent, bird

droppings, tree sap, and other organic substances.

Follow these guidelines for cleaning:

• Clean the windshield and wiper blades using washer

fluid, isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol, or non-abrasive

glass cleaner approved for use on automotive glass

and rubber. Inappropriate products can cause

damage or smears, and create glare on the

windshield.

6. Align the new wiper blade on the wiper arm and slide

• Lift the wiper arm a short distance away from the

it toward the end of the wiper arm until it locks into

windshield, just far enough to access the wiper blade.

place.

Do not lift a wiper arm beyond its intended position.

7. Turn Wiper Service Mode off to return the wipers to

If the wipers remain ineffective after cleaning, replace

their normal position.

the wiper blades.

Cleaning Washer Jets

Replacing Wiper Blades

The position of the windshield washers is set at the

For optimum performance, replace the wiper blades at

factory and should never need adjusting.

least once a year. Replacement blades must meet the

following criteria:

If a windshield washer becomes blocked, use a thin

strand of wire to clear any blockages from the nozzles.

• The blade on the driver's side must be 26 inches (650

mm) long and 20 inches (500 mm) long for the blade

on the passenger's side.

• Ensure the connector on the replacement blade is the

same as the original blade. Different connectors may

prevent the replacement blade from connecting to

the wiper arm on the vehicle.

You can purchase replacement wiper blades on http://

www.tesla.com.

NOTE: Only install replacement blades that are identical

to the original blades. Using inappropriate blades can

damage the wiper system and windshield.

To replace the wiper blades:

WARNING: Do not operate the washers while

1. Shift into Park and turn off the wipers.

cleaning Model S. Windshield washer fluid can

irritate eyes and skin. Read and observe the

2. Touch Controls > Service > Wiper Service Mode > ON

washer fluid manufacturer’s instructions.

to move the wipers to the service position.

3. Lift the wiper arm a short distance away from the

windshield, just far enough to access the wiper blade.

182

Fluid Reservoirs

Removing the Maintenance Panel

Checking Brake Fluid

To check fluid levels, remove the maintenance panel:

WARNING: Contact Tesla immediately if you notice

increased movement of the brake pedal or a

1. Open the hood.

significant loss of brake fluid. Driving under these

conditions can result in extended stopping

2. Pull the maintenance panel upward to release the

distances or complete brake failure.

clips that hold it in place.

A red brake indicator on the instrument

panel alerts you if the quantity of fluid in

the brake reservoir drops below the

recommended level. If it displays while

driving, stop as soon as safety permits by

gently applying the brakes. Do not

continue driving. Contact Tesla

immediately.

Fluid Level Check

Tesla checks the brake fluid level and health at the

regularly scheduled maintenance intervals.

Topping Up the Brake Fluid

Do not top up your brake fluid. The following

CAUTION: The maintenance panel protects the

instructions are provided for information purposes and

front trunk from water. When re-attaching, make

future reference only:

sure it is fully seated.

1. Clean the filler cap before removing it to prevent dirt

Checking Battery Coolant

from entering the reservoir.

2. Unscrew the cap and remove it.

Your Battery coolant should not need to be replaced for

the life of your vehicle under most circumstances.

3. Top up the reservoir to the MAX mark using the

However, if the quantity of fluid in the cooling system

appropriate brake fluid.

drops below the recommended level, the instrument

4. Reinstall the filler cap, ensuring it is fully secured.

panel displays a warning message. Stop driving Model S

as soon as safety permits and contact Tesla.

WARNING: Only use new fluid from a sealed air-

tight container. Never use previously used fluid or

Fluid Level Check

fluid from a previously opened container—fluid

absorbs moisture which decreases braking

DO NOT REMOVE THE FILLER CAP AND DO NOT ADD

performance.

FLUID. Doing so can result in damage not covered by

WARNING: Brake fluid is highly toxic. Keep

the warranty.

containers sealed and out of the reach of children.

In the event of accidental consumption, seek

Do Not Top Up Battery Coolant

medical attention immediately.

CAUTION: Brake fluid damages painted surfaces.

WARNING: Battery coolant can be hazardous and

Immediately soak up any spills with an absorbent

can irritate eyes and skin. Under no circumstances

cloth and wash the area with a mixture of car

should you remove the filler cap and/or add

shampoo and water.

coolant. If the instrument panel warns you that the

fluid level is low, contact Tesla immediately.

Topping Up Windshield Washer

To maximize the performance and life of the Battery, the

Fluid

cooling system uses a specific mixture of G-48 ethylene-

glycol coolant (HOAT). Contact Tesla for more specific

The only reservoir into which you can add fluid is the

information about the coolant.

windshield washer fluid reservoir, which is located

behind the front trunk. When the level is low, a message

displays on the instrument panel.

To top up the washer fluid:

Maintenance

183

Fluid Reservoirs

1. Open the hood.

2. Clean around the filler cap before opening it to

prevent dirt from entering the reservoir.

3. Open the filler cap.

4. While avoiding spilling, fill the reservoir until the fluid

level is visible just below the filler neck.

5. Wipe up any spills immediately and wash the

affected area with water.

6. Reinstall the filler cap.

NOTE: Some national or local regulations restrict the use

of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). VOCs are

commonly used as antifreeze in washer fluid. Use a

washer fluid with limited VOC content only if it provides

adequate freeze resistance for all climates in which you

drive Model S.

CAUTION: Do not add formulated washer fluids

that contain water repellent or bug wash. These

fluids can cause streaking, smearing, and

squeaking or other noises.

WARNING: In temperatures below 40° F (4° C),

use a washer fluid with antifreeze. In cold weather,

using a washer fluid without antifreeze can impair

visibility through the windshield.

WARNING: Windshield washer fluid can irritate

eyes and skin. Read and observe the instructions

provided by the washer fluid manufacturer.

184

Jacking and Lifting

WARNING: Do not work on an incorrectly

Jacking Procedure

supported vehicle. Doing so can cause serious

damage, bodily injury, or death.

Follow the steps below to lift Model S. Ensure that any

non-Tesla repair facility is aware of these lifting points.

CAUTION: DO NOT lift from under the Battery or

side rails. Place the lift arm pads under the

designated body lift points only. The locations

1. Position Model S centrally between the lift posts.

shown are the only approved lifting points for

2. If your Model S is equipped with air suspension, it

Model S. Lifting at any other points can cause

automatically self-levels, even when power is off (see

damage. Damage caused by incorrectly lifting

Jack Mode on page 185). Use the touchscreen to set

Model S is not covered by the warranty.

the suspension as follows:

◦ Touch Controls > Suspension.

Jack Mode

◦ Press the brake pedal, then touch Very High to

maximize the height of the suspension.

If Model S is equipped with air suspension, it

◦ Touch Controls > Service > Jack Mode to disable

automatically self-levels, even when power is off. To

self-leveling.

prevent damage when jacking or lifting the vehicle, you

must activate Jack mode to disable self-leveling. Jack

3. Position the lift arm pads under the designated body

mode prevents the self-leveling that occurs even when

lift points at the locations shown.

Model S is powered off.

WARNING: DO NOT position the lift arm pads

Press the brake pedal, then touch Controls > Service >

under the Battery or side rails, as shown in red.

Jack Mode.

To deactivate, touch Jack Mode again.

NOTE: Jack Mode automatically cancels when you drive

over 4 mph (7 km/h).

NOTE: Model S also sets Jack mode automatically if it

detects that the vehicle cannot lower to its target

height, or if it detects that an object is supporting the

vehicle's weight (for example the bumper of the vehicle

is resting on a curb).

4. Adjust the height and position of the lift arm pads to

ensure that they are correctly located.

5. With assistance, raise the lift to the desired height,

ensuring the lift arm pads remain in their correct

positions.

6. Engage any lift safety locks. Follow the lift

manufacturer's instructions.

NOTE: Jack mode cancels when Model S is driven over

4 mph (7 km/h).

NOTE: Jack mode may be unexpectedly enabled in

situations where an object is supporting the vehicle's

weight (for example the bumper of the vehicle is resting

on a curb).

WARNING: The air suspension system

automatically self-levels, even when power is off.

You MUST disable this system by engaging Jack

mode before lifting or jacking. If you do not

disable the air suspension, Model S can attempt to

self-level, causing serious damage, bodily injury, or

death.

WARNING: Never raise Model S when the charge

cable is connected, even if charging is not in

progress.

Maintenance

185

Parts and Accessories

Parts, Accessories, and

3. Slowly and gently pull down the footwell cover to

release the magnets, then disconnect the electrical

Modifications

harness on the right side of the cover. Set the

footwell cover aside.

Use only genuine Tesla parts and accessories. Tesla

4. Squeeze the cabin filter door lock to release it, and

performs rigorous testing on parts to ensure their

then remove and set the door aside.

suitability, safety, and reliability. Purchase these parts

from Tesla, where they are professionally installed and

5. Note the direction of air flow printed on the cabin

where you can receive expert advice about

filter. The arrows on the filter should face toward the

modifications to Model S. Accessories are available for

rear of the vehicle.

purchase from Tesla stores or online at www.tesla.com.

6. Slide the filter out of the HVAC module.

NOTE: Some accessories may not be available in your

7. Ensuring that the arrows on the new filter face

market region.

toward the rear of the vehicle, insert the new cabin

filter into the HVAC module.

Tesla is unable to assess parts manufactured by other

8. Slide the cabin filter door onto the HVAC module, and

distributors and therefore accepts no responsibility if

then push the door to lock it.

you use non-Tesla parts on Model S.

NOTE: Ensure the lock is fully engaged and the door

WARNING: Installing non-approved parts and

is sealed shut.

accessories, or performing non-approved

modifications, can affect the performance of

9. Position the front passenger footwell cover on the

Model S and the safety of its occupants. Any

vehicle and connect the electrical harness to the

damage caused by using or installing non-

cover.

approved parts, or by performing non-approved

10. Install the front passenger footwell cover, making

modifications, is not covered by the warranty.

sure the magnets (x3) are locked into position.

WARNING: Tesla does not accept liability for

11. Move the front passenger seat back to its original

death, personal injury or damage that occurs if you

position.

use or install non-approved accessories or make

non-approved modifications.

Using RFID Transponders

Body Repairs

When attaching an RFID transponder (used by many

automated toll systems) inside Model S, place the

If your Model S is in a collision, contact Tesla or a Tesla-

transponder on the bottom corner of the passenger side

approved Body Shop to ensure that it is repaired with

of the windshield as shown. This ensures best results

genuine Tesla parts. Tesla has selected and approved

and minimizes any obstruction to your driving view.

body shops that meet strict requirements for training,

equipment, quality, and customer satisfaction.

NOTE: You can also attach a weather-proof transponder

to the front license plate.

Some repair shops and insurance companies might

suggest using non-original equipment or salvaged parts

to save money. However, these parts do not meet Tesla's

high standards for quality, fit and corrosion resistance. In

addition, non-original equipment and salvaged parts

(and any damage or failures they might cause) are not

covered by the warranty.

Replacing Cabin Air Filters

Model S has an air filter that prevents pollen, industrial

fallout, road dust, and other particles from entering the

cabin through the vents. Tesla recommends replacing

these filters every 2 years (every year in China). Cabin

filters can be purchased at the Tesla online store.

To replace the cabin filter:

1. Turn off the climate control system.

2. Move the front passenger seat fully rearwards.

186

Identification Labels

Vehicle Identification Number

You can find the VIN at the following locations:

• Touch Controls > Software.

• Stamped on a plate located at the top of the

dashboard. Can be seen by looking through the

windshield on the driver's side of the vehicle.

Emission Control Label

The emission control label is located on the opening face

of the liftgate.

NOTE: For vehicles with a model year of 2022 or newer,

the emission control label is now located on the inside of

the front hood and may not match the label shown.

• Printed on the Vehicle Certification label, located on

the door pillar. Can be seen when the driver’s door is

open.

• The VIN is stamped on the chassis and can be seen

by removing the sill panel on the front passenger

door by gently prying it upward using a flat-bladed

tool.

CAUTION: Removing the sill panel to view the

VIN is not recommended because damage is

likely to occur. The panel is held in place with

fragile clips that break easily. Damage caused

by removing the sill panel is not covered by the

warranty.

Specifications

187

Vehicle Loading

Vehicle Labeling

It is important to understand your vehicle's original tire

sizes and pressures, and theGVWR (Gross Vehicle

Weight Rating) and GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating).

This information can be found on two labels attached to

Model S.

Mexico:

Never change this label, even if you use different tires in

the future.

NOTE: If Model S is loaded to its full capacity, double

check all tires to ensure they are inflated to their

recommended pressure levels.

Vehicle Certification Label

The Vehicle Certification label provides:

1. Tire and Loading Information Label

2. Vehicle Certification Label

• GVWR - Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. The maximum

allowable total mass of Model S. This is calculated as

WARNING: Overloading Model S has an adverse

the weight of Model S equipped with the heaviest

effect on braking and handling, which can

factory selectable options, all passengers, fluids, and

compromise your safety or cause damage.

cargo.

CAUTION: Never store large amounts of liquid in

• GAWR FRT and GAWR RR - Gross Axle Weight

Model S. A significant spill can cause electrical

Rating for the front and rear axles. The GAWR is the

components to malfunction.

maximum distributed weight that each axle can

support.

Tire and Loading Information Label

United States:

The Tire and Loading Information label provides:

• The maximum number of occupant seating positions.

• The maximum vehicle capacity weight.

• The size of the original tires.

• The cold inflation pressures for the original front and

rear tires. These pressures are recommended to

optimize ride and handling characteristics.

United States/Canada:

Canada:

188

Vehicle Loading

WARNING: Trunks are the preferred places to

carry objects. In a collision, or during hard braking

and sharp turns, loose items in the cabin could

injure occupants.

Example Load Limit Calculations

How much cargo Model S can carry depends on the

number and weight of passengers. The following

calculated load limit examples assume passengers weigh

150 lbs (68 kg). If passengers weigh more or less,

available cargo weight decreases or increases

Mexico:

respectively.

Driver and one passenger

Description

Total

Vehicle capacity weight

954 lbs (433 kg)

Subtract occupant weight

300 lbs (136 kg)

(2 x 150 lbs/68 kg)

Available cargo weight

654 lbs (297 kg)

Driver and four passengers

Description

Total

Vehicle capacity weight

954 lbs (433 kg)

CAUTION: To prevent damage, never load Model S

so that it is heavier than GVWR or exceeds the

Subtract occupant weight (5 x 150

750 lbs (340 kg)

individual GAWR weights.

lbs/68 kg)

Available cargo weight

204 lbs (93 kg)

Roof Racks

The cargo weight should be distributed as evenly as

A Model S equipped with a glass roof can carry up to

possible between the front and rear trunks.

165 lbs (75 kg) using a Tesla-approved roof rack (see

Parts and Accessories on page 186).

CAUTION: Never load more than 110 lbs (50 kg) in

the front trunk. Doing so can cause damage.

Calculating Load Limits

CAUTION: Never load more than 176 lbs (80 kg) in

the lower tub compartment of the rear trunk or

1. Locate the statement “The combined weight of

more than 397 lbs (180 kg) on the upper floor.

occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX lbs or

Doing so can cause damage.

XXX kg” on the “Tire and Loading Information” label.

2. Determine the combined weight of all occupants that

will ride in the vehicle.

3. Subtract the combined weight of the occupants from

XXX lbs or XXX kg (see Step 1).

4. The resulting figure equals the available cargo load

capacity. For example, if the “XXX” amount equals

1400 lbs (635 kg) and there will be five 150 lb (68 kg)

passengers in the vehicle, the amount of available

cargo capacity is 650 lbs (1400 - 750

(5 x 150) = 650 lbs) or 295 kg (635 - 340

(5 x 68) = 295 kg).

5. Determine the combined cargo weight being loaded

on the vehicle. That weight must not exceed the

available cargo load capacity calculated in Step 4.

Specifications

189

Dimensions

Exterior Dimensions

Callout

Description

Measurement (in)

Measurement (mm)

A

Overall Length

197.7

5,021

Overall Width (including mirrors)

86.2

2,189

B

Overall Width (excluding mirrors)

78.2

1,987

C

Overall Height (normal setting)

56.3*

1,431*

D

Wheel Base

116.5

2,960

E

Overhang - Front

37.8

961

F

Overhang - Rear

43.3

1,100

G

Ground Clearance (lowest setting)

4.6*

117*

G

Ground Clearance (normal setting)

5.0*

126*

G

Ground Clearance (highest setting)

6.2*

158*

H

Track - Front and Rear

66.5

1,690

*Values are approximate. Dimensions can vary depending on a vehicle's options and various other factors.

CAUTION: Depending on configuration (such as suspension height or wheel selection), your vehicle's liftgate

can open up to approximately 7.5 feet (2.3 meters) high. See Adjusting Liftgate Opening Height on page 16 to

adjust the liftgate height and prevent it from coming into contact with low ceilings or other objects.

Interior Dimensions

Area

Location

Measurement (in)

Measurement (mm)

Head Room

Front

39.7

1,008

Rear

38.1

968

Front

42.4

1,077

Leg Room

Rear

35.5

901

Shoulder Room

Front

58.4

1,484

Rear

55.1

1,399

Hip Room

Front

54.8

1,393

190

Dimensions

Area

Location

Measurement (in)

Measurement (mm)

Rear

50.3

1,278

Cargo Volume

Area

Volume (liters)

Volume (cubic feet)

Front trunk

89

3.1

Behind first row, second row folded flat

1,739

61.4

Behind second row

709

25.0

Maximum total cargo volume with driver and front passenger

1,828

64.6

Maximum total cargo volume with driver and 4 passengers

798

28.2

Specifications

191

Subsystems

Motor Type

Motor Type

Model S

Model S Plaid

Model X

Model X Plaid

Front and rear

AC permanent magnet synchronous

AC permanent magnet synchronous motor, carbon-

motor

motor, liquid-cooled, with variable

fiber-wrapped rotor, liquid-cooled, with variable

frequency drive

frequency drive (2x motors in the rear)

Transmission

Type

Model S

Model S Plaid

Front transmission

Single speed fixed gear, 7.5:1

Single speed fixed gear, 7.5:1. Enhanced lubrication

Rear transmission

Single speed fixed gear, 9.0:1

Independent single speed fixed gear, 7.5:1. Dry sump lubrication

Steering

Steering

Specifications

Type

Variable ratio rack and pinion with electronic power steering, speed sensitive

Number of turns lock to lock

2.33

Turning Circle (curb to curb)

40.3 ft/12.3 m

Brakes

Brakes

Specifications

4-wheel anti-lock braking system (ABS) with Electronic Brake

Type

Force Distribution, Integrated Advanced Stability Control and

Electronic Accelerator pedal actuated regenerative braking system

Calipers

Front: Four piston, fixed

Rear: Single piston, floating

Rotor Diameters (ventilated)

Front: 14.96”/380 mm

Rear: 14.37”/365 mm

New: 1.26”/32 mm

Front Rotor thickness

Service limit: 1.18”/30 mm

Rear Rotor thickness

New: 1.10”/28 mm

Service limit: 1.02”/26 mm

New: 0.41”/10.5 mm (MIN)

Front Brake Pad Thickness (excluding back

plate)

Service limit: 0.09”/ 2.3 mm

New: 0.33”/8.5 mm (MIN)

Rear Brake Pad Thickness (excluding back

plate)

Service limit: 0.11”/ 2.7 mm

192

Subsystems

Brakes

Specifications

Parking brake

Electrically actuated parking brake calipers

Suspension

Suspension

Specifications

Front

Independent, double wishbone, air spring with adaptive damper, stabilizer bar

Rear

Independent, multi-link, air spring with adaptive damper, stabilizer bar

Battery - Low Voltage

Battery - Low Voltage

Specifications

Rating

6.9 amp hour

Voltage

15.5V

Battery - High Voltage

Battery - High Voltage

Specifications

Type

Liquid-cooled lithium ion (Li-ion)

Nominal Voltage

407 V DC

Temperature Range

Do not expose Model S to ambient temperatures above 149° F (65° C) or below -22° F

(-30° C) for more than 24 hours at a time.

Specifications

193

Wheels and Tires

Wheel Specifications (Factory)

Wheel Type

Location

Size

Offset (mm)

Front

9.5J x 19

40

19"

Rear

10.5J x 19

45

Front

9.5J x 21

40

21"

Rear

10.5J x 21

45

Lug Nut Torque

129 lb. ft (175 Nm)

Lug Nut Socket Size

21 mm

NOTE: For instructions on how to jack/lift Model S, see Jacking and Lifting on page 185.

Tire Specifications (Factory)

Tire Type

Location

Size

In U.S., Canada, Puerto Rico and Korea:

19" All-Season

Front

255/45R19

Rear

285/40R19

19” Summer

Front

255/45R19

Rear

285/40R19

21" Summer

Front

265/35ZR21

Rear

295/30ZR21

In Mexico:

19” Summer

Front

255/45R19

Rear

285/40R19

21" Summer

Front

265/35ZR21

Rear

295/30ZR21

Tire pressures vary depending on the type of tires fitted. Refer to the tire pressures printed on the Tire and

Loading Information label. This label is located on the center door pillar and is visible when the driver’s door is

open (see Maintaining Tire Pressures on page 173).

Winter tires can be purchased from a Tesla service center or may be available for purchase on the Tesla web site.

194

Wheels and Tires

Understanding Tire Markings

Laws require tire manufacturers to place standardized information on the sidewall of all tires. This information

identifies and describes the fundamental characteristics of the tire. It also provides the tire identification number

(TIN) for certification of safety standards, and in case of a recall.

1

Tire category. P indicates that the tire is for passenger vehicles.

2

Tire width. This 3-digit number is the width (in millimeters) of the tire from sidewall edge to sidewall edge.

3

Aspect ratio. This 2-digit number is the sidewall height as a percentage of the tread width. So, if the tread

width is 205 mm, and the aspect ratio is 50, the sidewall height is 102 mm.

4

Tire construction. R indicates that the tire is of Radial ply construction.

5

Wheel diameter. This 2-digit number is the diameter of the wheel rim in inches.

6

Load index. This 2 or 3-digit number is the weight each tire can support. This number is not always shown.

7

Speed rating. When stated, indicates the maximum speed (in mph) at which the tire can be used for extended

periods. Q=99 mph (160 km/h), R=106 mph (170 km/h), S=112 mph (180 km/h), T=118 mph (190 km/h),

U=124 mph (200 km/h), H=130 mph (210 km/h), V=149 mph (240 km/h), W=168 mph (270 km/h), Y=186 mph

(300 km/h), (Y)=vehicle's top speed (exceeds the "Y" rating).

Specifications

195

Wheels and Tires

8

Tire composition and materials. The number of plies in both the tread area and the sidewall area indicates how

many layers of rubber coated material make up the structure of the tire. Information is also provided on the

type of materials used.

9

Maximum tire load. The maximum load which can be carried by the tire.

10

Maximum permissible inflation pressure. This pressure should not be used for normal driving.

11

U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN). Begins with the letters DOT and indicates that the tire meets all

federal standards. The next 2 digits/letters represent the plant code where it was manufactured, and the last 4

digits represent the week and year of manufacture. For example, the number 1712 is used to represent the 17th

week of 2012. The other numbers are marketing codes used at the manufacturer’s discretion. This information

can be used to contact consumers if a tire defect requires a recall.

12

Treadwear grade. This number indicates the tire’s wear rate. The higher the treadwear number is, the longer it

should take for the tread to wear down. A tire rated at 400, for example, lasts twice as long as a tire rated at

200.

13

Traction grade. Indicates a tire’s ability to stop on wet roads. A higher graded tire should allow you to stop your

vehicle in a shorter distance than a tire with a lower grade. Traction is graded from highest to lowest as AA, A,

B, and C.

14

Temperature grade. The tire’s resistance to heat is grade A, B, or C, with A indicating the greatest resistance.

This grading is provided for a correctly inflated tire, which is being used within its speed and loading limits.

196

Wheels and Tires

Uniform Tire Quality Grading

The following information relates to the tire grading system developed by the National Highway Tra…c Safety

Administration (NHTSA), which grades tires by tread wear, traction and temperature performance. Tires that have

deep tread, and winter tires, are exempt from these marking requirements.

Where applicable, quality grades are found on the tire’s sidewall between the tread shoulder and maximum section

width. For example:

• TREADWEAR 180

• TRACTION AA

• TEMPERATURE A

The quality grades are described next.

NOTE: In addition to the marking requirements, passenger car tires must conform to Federal Safety Requirements.

Treadwear

The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled

conditions on a specified government test course.

For example, a tire graded 150 wears one and a half times better on a government test course than a tire graded 100.

The relative performance of tires depends on the actual conditions of their use, however, and can depart significantly

from the norm due to variations in driving habits, service practices, road characteristics, and climate.

Traction

The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are: AA, A, B, and C. These grades represent a tire’s ability to stop on

wet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on test surfaces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C

might have poor traction performance.

WARNING: Defective tires are dangerous. Do not drive if a tire is damaged, excessively worn, or is inflated to

an incorrect pressure. The safety of the vehicle and occupants can be adversely affected. Check tires regularly

for wear and to ensure there are no cuts, bulges or exposure of the ply/cord structure.

WARNING: The traction grade assigned to the tire is based on straight-ahead braking tests, and does not

include: acceleration, cornering, hydroplaning or peak traction characteristics.

Temperature

The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire’s resistance to the generation of heat and

its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory test wheel.

Sustained high temperature can cause the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead

to sudden tire failure.

The grade C corresponds to the minimum level of performance that all passenger car tires must meet under the

Federal Motor Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent levels of performance on the laboratory test wheel

that exceed the minimum requirements.

WARNING: A tire’s temperature grade is established for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded.

Excessive speed, under-inflation, or excessive loading, either separately or in combination, can cause heat

buildup and possible tire failure.

Specifications

197

Wheels and Tires

Tire and Loading Glossaries

General Wheel and Tire Terms

Accessory Weight

The combined weight (in excess of those items replaced) of items available as factory

installed equipment.

Bead

The inner edge of a tire that is shaped to fit to the rim and form an air tight seal. The

bead is constructed of steel wires which are wrapped, or reinforced, by the ply cords.

Cold Tire Pressure

The air pressure in a tire that has been standing in excess of three hours, or driven for less

than one mile.

Curb Weight

The weight of a standard vehicle, including any optional equipment fitted, and with the

correct fluid levels.

Gross Vehicle Weight

The maximum permissible weight of a vehicle with driver, passengers, load, luggage, and

equipment.

kPa (kilo pascal)

A metric unit used to measure pressure. One kilo pascal equals approximately 0.145 psi.

Maximum Inflation

The maximum pressure to which the tire should be inflated. This pressure is given on the

Pressure

tire side wall in psi (lbf/in²).

CAUTION: This pressure marked on the tire is the maximum allowed by the tire

manufacturer. It is not the pressure Tesla recommends using for Model S.

Maximum Loaded

The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production

Vehicle Weight

options weight.

Production Options

The combined weight of options installed which weigh in excess of 3 lb (1.4 kg) more

Weight

than the standard items that they replaced, and are not already considered in curb or

accessory weights.

PSI (lbf/in²)

Pounds per square inch (the unit used to measure tire pressure).

Recommended Tire

Tire inflation pressure, established by Tesla, which is based on the type of tires that are

Inflation Pressure

mounted on the vehicle at the factory. This information can be found on the Tire and

Loading Information label located on the door pillar.

Rim

The metal support for a tire, or tire and tube, upon which the tire beads are seated.

Vehicle Capacity

The number of seats multiplied by 150 lbs (68 kg) plus the rated amount of load/luggage.

Weight

Load Carrying Definitions

Normal occupant weight

68 kilograms (150 lbs) times the number of occupants specified in the second column

of the tables for calculating load limits (see Vehicle Loading on page 188).

Occupant distribution

Distribution of occupants in a vehicle.

Passenger car tire

A tire intended for use on passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, and

trucks, that have a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 10,000 lbs (4536 kg) or less.

Rim diameter

Nominal diameter of the bead seat.

Rim size designation

Rim diameter and width.

Rim type designation

The manufacturing industry's designation for a rim by style or code.

Rim width

Nominal distance between the rim's flanges.

Vehicle maximum load on

Load on an individual tire that is determined by distributing to each axle its share of

the tire

the maximum loaded vehicle weight and dividing by two.

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