CAUTION: The system must be completely empty
before opening any fitting or connection in the
refrigeration system. Open fittings with caution
even after the system has been emptied. If any
pressure
is
noticed
as
a
fitting
is
loosened,
retighten fitting and evacuate the system again.
A good rule for the flexible hose lines is to keep
the radius of all bends at least 10 times the diame-
ter of the hose. Sharper bends will reduce the flow
of refrigerant. The flexible hose lines should be
routed so they are at least 3 inches (80 mm) from
the exhaust manifold. Inspect all flexible hose lines
to make sure they are in good condition and prop-
erly routed.
The use of correct wrenches when making con-
nections is very important. Improper wrenches or
improper use of wrenches can damage the fittings.
The internal parts of the A/C system will remain
stable as long as moisture-free refrigerant and refrig-
erant oil is used. Abnormal amounts of dirt, moisture
or air can upset the chemical stability. This may
cause operational troubles or even serious damage
if present in more than very small quantities.
When opening a refrigeration system, have every-
thing you will need to repair the system ready. This
will minimize the amount of time the system must
be opened. Cap or plug all lines and fittings as
soon as they are opened. This will help prevent the
entrance of dirt and moisture. All new lines and
components should be capped or sealed until they
are ready to be used.
All tools, including the refrigerant dispensing
manifold, the manifold gauge set, and test hoses
should be kept clean and dry.
OPERATION
High pressures are produced in the system when it
is operating. Extreme care must be exercised to make
sure that all connections are pressure tight. Dirt and
moisture can enter the system when it is opened for
repair or replacement of lines or components. The
refrigerant oil will absorb moisture readily out of the
air. This moisture will convert into acids within a
closed system.
HIGH PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
DESCRIPTION
The high pressure relief valve is located on the
rear surface of the compressor housing. This mechan-
ical valve is designed to vent refrigerant from the
system to protect against damage to the compressor
and other system components, caused by condenser
air flow restriction or an overcharge of refrigerant.
The high pressure relief valve vents the system
when a discharge pressure of 3445 to 4135 kPa (500
to 600 psi) or above is reached. The valve closes with
a minimum discharge pressure of 2756 kPa (400 psi)
is reached.
The high pressure relief valve is only serviced as
part of the compressor assembly, and must not be
removed or otherwise disturbed.
OPERATION
The high pressure relief valve vents only enough
refrigerant to reduce the system pressure, and then
re-seats itself. The majority of the refrigerant is con-
served in the system. If the valve vents refrigerant, it
does not mean the valve is faulty.
On new compressor assemblies, a mylar disc is
applied to the venting port of the valve. The disc is
primarily intended for protection of the valve during
the painting operation. A missing or damaged disc
does not indicate failure. If the mylar disc has loos-
ened or come off, apply a drop or two of refrigerant
oil into the valve mechanism through the venting
holes. This will prevent salt, dirt, or moisture from
affecting the operation of the valve.
REFRIGERANT
DESCRIPTION
The refrigerant used in this air conditioning sys-
tem is a HydroFluoroCarbon (HFC), type R-134a.
Unlike R-12, which is a ChloroFluoroCarbon (CFC),
R-134a refrigerant does not contain ozone-depleting
chlorine. R-134a refrigerant is a non-toxic, non-flam-
mable, clear, and colorless liquefied gas.
Even though R-134a does not contain chlorine, it
must be reclaimed and recycled just like CFC-type
refrigerants. This is because R-134a is a greenhouse
gas and can contribute to global warming.
OPERATION
R-134a refrigerant is not compatible with R-12
refrigerant in an air conditioning system. Even a
small amount of R-12 added to an R-134a refrigerant
system will cause compressor failure, refrigerant oil
sludge or poor air conditioning system performance.
In addition, the PolyAlkylene Glycol (PAG) synthetic
refrigerant oils used in an R-134a refrigerant system
are not compatible with the mineral-based refriger-
ant oils used in an R-12 refrigerant system.
R-134a refrigerant system service ports, service
tool couplers and refrigerant dispensing bottles have
all been designed with unique fittings to ensure that
an R-134a system is not accidentally contaminated
with the wrong refrigerant (R-12). There are also
labels posted in the engine compartment of the vehi-
cle and on the compressor identifying to service tech-
JX
HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING
24 - 5
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)