FANUC Series 30i/300i/300is-MODEL A. Machining Center System. User's manual - page 7

B-63944EN/03

 PROGRAMMING 

1.GENERAL

 

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1 

GENERAL 

 
Chapter 1, "GENERAL", consists of the following sections: 
 
1.1  TOOL MOVEMENT ALONG WORKPIECE PARTS FIGURE-

INTERPOLATION .....................................................................14 

1.2 FEED-FEED FUNCTION ..........................................................16 
1.3  PART DRAWING AND TOOL MOVEMENT.........................17 
1.4  CUTTING SPEED - SPINDLE FUNCTION .............................27 
1.5  SELECTION OF TOOL USED FOR VARIOUS MACHINING - 

TOOL FUNCTION.....................................................................28 

1.6  COMMAND FOR MACHINE OPERATIONS - AUXILIARY 

FUNCTION ................................................................................29 

1.7 PROGRAM CONFIGURATION ...............................................30 
1.8  TOOL MOVEMENT RANGE - STROKE ................................33 
 

1.GENERAL

 

PROGRAMMING

 

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1.1 

TOOL MOVEMENT ALONG WORKPIECE PARTS FIGURE-
INTERPOLATION 

 
The tool moves along straight lines and arcs constituting the 
workpiece parts figure (See II-4). 

 

Explanation 

The function of moving the tool along straight lines and arcs is called 
the interpolation. 
 

 -  Tool movement along a straight line 

•

 For 

milling 

machining 

Workpiece

Program 

G01X_Y_ ; 

X_ ; 

Tool

 

•

 

For lathe cutting 

 

Program 
G01Z_ ; 

Tool

Workpiece

Z 

X

G01X_Z_ ; 

Fig. 1.1 (a)  Tool movement along a straight line 

 

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1.GENERAL

 

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 -  Tool movement along an arc 

•

 For 

milling 

machining 

Workpiece

Tool 

Program 
G03 X_ Y_ R_ ; 

 

•

 

For lathe cutting

 

 

Program 

G02 X_ Z_ R_ ; 

or 

G03 X_ Z_ R_ ; 

Workpiece

Z

 

X

 

Fig. 1.1 (b)  Tool movement along an arc 

The term interpolation refers to an operation in which the tool moves 
along a straight line or arc in the way described above. 
Symbols of the programmed commands G01, G02, ... are called the 
preparatory function and specify the type of interpolation conducted in 
the control unit. 

(a) Movement along straight line

G01 Y_ ;

X_ Y_ ;

(b) Movement along arc

G03X_ Y_ R_ ;

CNC

X axis

Y axis

Tool
movement

Interpolation

a)Movement
  along straight

 line

b)Movement

  along arc

 

Fig. 1.1 (c)  Interpolation function 

 

NOTE 

 

Some machines move tables instead of tools but 
this manual assumes that tools are moved against 
workpieces. 

1.GENERAL

 

PROGRAMMING

 

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1.2 

FEED-FEED FUNCTION 

 
Movement of the tool at a specified speed for cutting a workpiece is 
called the feed. 
 

•

 For 

milling 

machining 

Tool

Workpiece

Table

F

mm/min

 

•

 

For lathe cutting 

Tool 

Workpiece

Chuck 

F

mm/min

 

Fig. 1.2 (a)  Feed function 

 
Feedrates can be specified by using actual numerics. For example, to 
feed the tool at a rate of 150 mm/min, specify the following in the 
program: 
F150.0 
The function of deciding the feed rate is called the feed function (See 
II-5). 
 

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 PROGRAMMING 

1.GENERAL

 

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1.3 

PART DRAWING AND TOOL MOVEMENT 

 

1.3.1 

Reference Position (Machine-specific Position) 

 
A CNC machine tool is provided with a fixed position. Normally, tool 
change and programming of absolute zero point as described later are 
performed at this position. This position is called the reference 
position. 
 

•

 For 

milling 

machining 

Reference position

Tool

Workpiece

Table

 

•

 

For lathe cutting 

Tool post 

Reference 
position 

Chuck 

 

Fig. 1.3.1 (a)  Reference position 

 

Explanation 

The tool can be moved to the reference position in two ways: 
1.  Manual reference position return (See III-3.1) 
 

Reference position return is performed by manual button 
operation. 

2.  Automatic reference position return (See II-6) 
 

In general, manual reference position return is performed first 
after the power is turned on. In order to move the tool to the 
reference position for tool change thereafter, the function of 
automatic reference position return is used. 

 

1.GENERAL

 

PROGRAMMING

 

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1.3.2 

Coordinate System on Part Drawing and Coordinate System 

Specified by CNC - Coordinate System 

 

•

 For 

milling 

machining 

 

Z

Y

X

Part drawing

Z 

Y 

X

Coordinate system

Z

Y

X

Tool

Workpiece

Machine tool

Program

Command 

CNC 

Tool

 

•

 

For lathe cutting 

 

Part drawing

Machine tool

Program 

Command

CNC 

X

Z

X 

Z

Coordinate system

Workpiece

X

Z 

 

Fig. 1.3.2 (a)  Coordinate system 

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1.GENERAL

 

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Explanation 
 -  Coordinate system 

The following two coordinate systems are specified at different 
locations: (See II-7) 
1 

Coordinate system on part drawing 

 

The coordinate system is written on the part drawing. As the 
program data, the coordinate values on this coordinate system are 
used. 

2.  Coordinate system specified by the CNC 
 

The coordinate system is prepared on the actual machine tool 
table. This can be achieved by programming the distance from 
the current position of the tool to the zero point of the coordinate 
system to be set.  

 

230

300

Program

origin

Distance to the zero point of a coor-

dinate system to be set

Present tool position

X

X

Y

 

Fig. 1.3.2 (b)  Coordinate system specified by the CNC 

 
Concrete programming methods for setting coordinate systems 
specified by the CNC are explained in II-7, "COORDINATE 
SYSTEM".