Seat Exeo. Service Manual

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166

Driving

Handbrake

Caution

If the engine has been running hard for a long time, there is a risk of heat

building up in the engine compartment after the engine has been switched

Handbrake

off; this could cause engine damage. Therefore, you should idle the engine

for approx. 2 minutes before you switch it off.

The handbrake should be applied firmly to prevent the

vehicle from accidentally rolling away.

Note

After the engine is switched off the radiator fan may run on for up to 10

minutes, even if the ignition is switched off. It may also start running again

after some time if the coolant temperature rises due to a build-up of heat

under the bonnet, or if the engine is already warm and the engine compart-

ment is heated up further by direct sunlight.

Fig. 141 Detail of the

centre console: Hand-

brake applied

Applying the handbrake

- Pull the handbrake lever up all the way.

Releasing the handbrake

- Pull the lever up slightly and at the same time press in the release

button ⇒ fig. 141 -arrow-.

- Keep the release button pressed and push the lever all the way

down ⇒

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Driving

167

If you drive by mistake with the handbrake still applied, you will hear a

When parking on slopes:

warning buzzer and the display will show the message:

Turn the steering wheel so that the, if the vehicle moves, it will do so towards

the curb.

Handbrake applied

The handbrake warning is enabled after driving for 3 seconds at a speed

above 5 km/h.

WARNING

The handbrake warning lamp  lights up when the handbrake is applied

• Do not leave anyone (especially children) in the vehicle when it is

with the ignition on.

locked. Locked doors could delay assistance in an emergency, potentially

putting lives at risk.

• Never leave children unsupervised in the vehicle. They could release

WARNING

e.g. the handbrake or gear lever, moving the vehicle and causing an

Please note that the handbrake should be released all the way. If it is only

accident.

partially released, this will cause rear brakes overheating, which can

impair the function of the brake system and could lead to an accident.

Parking aid

Caution

After the vehicle has been stopped, always apply the hand brake and engage

a gear.

General notes

Various systems are available to help you when parking or manoeuvring in

tight spaces, depending on the equipment fitted on your vehicle.

Parking

The SEAT parking system gives an acoustic warning if there are any obstacles

The following points will ensure there is no risk of the car

behind your car ⇒ page 168.

rolling away accidentally after it is parked.

When you are parking, SEAT parking system plus warns you acoustically and

optically about obstacles in front of and behind the vehicle ⇒ page 168.

- Use the foot brake to stop the vehicle.

- Apply handbrake firmly.

Note

To ensure the acoustic parking aid works properly, the sensors must be kept

- Switch the engine off.

clean and free of snow and ice.

- Engage the first gear ⇒

Safety First

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Technical Data

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168

Driving

SEAT parking system*

Caution

The SEAT parking system is an acoustic parking aid.

Please note that low obstacles detected by the system may no longer be

registered by the sensors as the car moves closer, so the system will not give

Sensors are located in the rear bumper. When the sensors detect an obstacle,

any further warning. Certain kinds of obstacles (such as wire fences, chains,

you are alerted by acoustic signals (beeps). The measuring range of the

thin painted posts or trailer draw bars, etc) may not always be detected by the

sensors starts at about:

system, so take care not to damage the vehicle in such cases.

Side

0.60 m

Rear

Note

Centre

1.60 m

• Please refer to the notes on towing ⇒ page 169.

The acoustic signals sound with increasing frequency as you approach the

obstacle. When the vehicle is less than approx. 0.30 m away from the

obstacle, the warning tone will sound continuously. Do not drive on!

SEAT parking system plus*

The volume of the warning beeps will be gradually reduced after about 4

seconds if the vehicle remains at a constant distance from a detected

The SEAT parking system plus is an acoustic parking aid.

obstacle (it will not be reduced if the obstacle is closer than 0.30 m).

Sensors are located in the front and rear bumpers. When the sensors detect

The parking aid is switched on automatically when reverse gear is engaged.

an obstacle, you are alerted by acoustic signals (beeps). The measuring

You will hear a brief acknowledgement tone.

range of the sensors starts at about:

Side

0.90 m

WARNING

Front

Centre

1.20 m

• The parking aid is not a replacement for driver awareness. The driver is

personally responsible for safe parking and other manoeuvres.

Side

0.60 m

Rear

• The sensors have blind spots in which obstacles are not registered.

Centre

1.60 m

Always look out for small children and animals because the system will not

always detect them. Always pay attention when reversing to avoid acci-

The acoustic signals sound with increasing frequency as you approach the

dents.

obstacle. When the vehicle is less than approx. 0.30 m away from the

• Always keep a close watch on the area around the vehicle and make full

obstacle the warning tone will sound continuously. Stop moving immedi-

ately!

use of the rear-view mirrors.

The volume of the warning beeps will be gradually reduced after about 4

seconds if the vehicle remains at a constant distance from a detected

obstacle (it will not be reduced if the obstacle is closer than 0.30 m).

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Driving

169

Enabling/Disabling

WARNING

• The parking aid is not a replacement for driver awareness. The driver is

personally responsible for safe parking and other manoeuvres.

• The sensors have blind spots in which obstacles are not registered.

Always look out for small children and animals because the system will not

always detect them. Always pay attention when reversing to avoid acci-

dents.

• Always keep a close eye on the area around the vehicle and make full

use of the rear-view mirrors.

Caution

Please note that low obstacles detected by the system may no longer be

Fig. 142 Centre console:

registered by the sensors as the car moves closer, so the system will not give

switch for parking aid

any further warning. Certain kinds of obstacles (such as wire fences, chains,

thin painted posts or trailer draw bars, etc) may not always be detected by the

Enabling

system, so take care not to damage the vehicle in such cases.

- Connect the radio or the MMI*

Note

- Engage reverse gear or

•

Please refer to the notes on towing ⇒ page 169.

- Press the button  on the central console ⇒ fig. 142 or on the

• There is a slight delay in the picture display.

gear selector gate. You will hear a brief acknowledgement tone

and the LED on the switch will light up.

Disabling

Towing bracket*

- Drive forwards faster than 10 km/h, or

In towing mode, the rear parking sensors are not enabled when you select

- Press the button  or

reverse gear or press the switch . This function may not be guaranteed on

towing brackets that are not factory fitted. This results in the following restric-

- disconnect the on button or

tions:

– go out of reverse gear.

Safety First

Operating instructions

Practical tips

Technical Data

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170

Driving

SEAT parking system*

The indicator light  in the instrument panel lights up when the cruise

There is no distance warning.

control system is operating.

SEAT parking system plus*

WARNING

There is no rear distance warning. The system will still give a warning when

obstacles are detected while driving forwards.

For safety reasons, the cruise control system should not be used in dense

traffic or poor road conditions (such as slippery surfaces, heavy rain, loose

grit or gravel), as this could cause an accident.

Fault messages*

Caution

If you hear a long beep for a few seconds and the LED on the switch * starts

On vehicles with a manual gearbox: do not go into neutral if the device is

flashing when you switch on the parking aid, a system fault has occurred.

enabled without previously releasing the clutch, as the engine will increase

Please have the fault corrected by a Dealer or specialist garage.

its revs and, under certain conditions, could break down.

Note

If the fault is not corrected before you switch off the ignition, it will only be

The cruise control cannot maintain a constant speed when travelling down

indicated by the flashing LED on the switch * the next time you switch on

steep hills. The vehicle tends to accelerate under its own weight. Change

the parking aid.

down to a lower gear in good time or use the foot brake to slow the vehicle.

Cruise Control System (CCS)

Introduction

The cruise control system allows you to maintain a constant

speed.

Using this equipment, any speed over 30 km/h can be kept constant up to the

power output of the engine. This is subject to power output and braking

ability of the engine. This helps to reduce fatigue, especially on long jour-

neys.

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Driving

171

Setting speed

Adjusting stored speed

The desired cruising speed needs to be stored in the memory.

The desired cruising speed can be adjusted up or down as

required.

Acceleration

- Move the lever up towards ⇒ fig. 143

– Release the lever to store the current cruising speed.

Decelerating

- Move the lever down towards ⇒ fig. 143

– Release the lever to store the current cruising speed.

Fig. 143 Controls for the

Pressing lever

briefly

cruise control system

- You can increase the set speed in steps of 2 km/h by briefly

pressing the lever

up towards ⇒ fig. 143

–

Drive at the desired speed.

- You can decrease the set speed in steps of 2 km/h by briefly

Pull the lever

to position ⇒ fig. 143

to enable the system.

pressing the lever

down towards ⇒ fig. 143

–

Briefly press button

You can also use the accelerator pedal momentarily to increase speed. The

previously programmed speed will be automatically resumed when the accel-

When button Ais released, the current speed is stored in the memory and

erator pedal is released.

the vehicle will then maintain this speed.

However, if the vehicle exceeds the programmed speed by more than 10

km/h for more than 5 minutes, the programmed speed will be deleted. You

will then need to enter the speed again.

Safety First

Operating instructions

Practical tips

Technical Data

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172

Driving

Disabling cruise control temporarily

WARNING

Retrieve the programmed speed only if this is not excessive for the current

traffic conditions. Failure to do so could result in an accident.

Disabling the cruise control

While driving

- Press the lever

⇒ page 171, fig. 143 to position

(click

stop engaged).

Fig. 144 Controls for the

While the vehicle is stationary

cruise control system

- Switch the ignition off.

- Press the brake pedal or

- the clutch or

- press the lever

⇒ fig. 144 to position

(click stop not

engaged).

- Any intervention of the TCS or the ESP will switch off the cruise

control.

The speed stored at this point remains in the memory if the system is only

temporarily deactivated.

To resume the programmed cruising speed, release the clutch or brake pedal

and pull the lever

to position

If no speed was stored when the system was temporarily disabled, a new

speed can be set as follows: drive at the desired cruising speed and briefly

press button ⇒ page 171, fig. 143

(SET).

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Driving

173

Manual gearbox

WARNING

• When the engine is running, the vehicle will start to move as soon as a

Driving a car with a manual gearbox

gear is engaged and the clutch released.

• Never select the reverse gear when the vehicle is in motion. Risk of acci-

dent.

Note

• Do not rest your hand on the gear rest when driving. The pressure of your

hand could cause premature wear on the selector forks in the gearbox.

• When changing gear, you should always depress the clutch down fully to

avoid unnecessary wear and damage.

• Do not hold the car “on the clutch” uphills. This causes premature wear

and damage to the clutch.

Fig. 145 Detail of the

centre console: gear shift

pattern of a 6-speed

manual gearbox

Engaging the reverse gear

- The vehicle should be stationary with the engine idling. Press the

clutch down thoroughly.

- Place the gear lever into neutral and push the lever downwards.

- Slide the gear lever to the left, and then into the reverse position

shown on the gear stick.

The reverse gear can only be engaged when the vehicle is stationary. When

the engine is running and before engaging this gear, wait about 6 seconds

with the clutch pressed down thoroughly in order to protect the gearbox.

The reverse lights light up when the reverse gear is selected and the ignition

is on.

Safety First

Operating instructions

Practical tips

Technical Data

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Intelligent technology

175

Practical tips

Intelligent technology

The anti-lock brake system (ABS), the electronic differential lock (EDL) and

Electronic stabilisation programme (ESP)

the traction control system (TCS) are all integrated into the electronic stabili-

sation programme.

General notes

How it works

The electronic stabilisation programme increases the

The ESP control unit processes data from the three integrated systems. It also

vehicle?s stability on the road.

processes additional inputs provided by other high-precision sensors. These

eration, brake pressure and steering wheel angle.

The system uses the steering wheel angle and road speed to calculate the

changes of direction desired by the driver, and constantly compares them

with the actual behaviour of the vehicle. If the desired course is not being

maintained (for instance, if the car is starting to skid), then the ESP compen-

sates automatically by braking the appropriate wheel.

The forces acting on the braked wheel bring the car back to a stable condi-

tion. If the vehicle over swerves (tendency of the rear to leave the road), the

brakes will act on the front wheel facing the outside of the bend. If the vehicle

under swerves (tendency to leave the bend), the braking force is applied to

the rear wheel facing the inside of the bend.

Fig. 146 Centre console

The ESP works in conjunction with the ABS ⇒ page 176. If a malfunction

with ESP switch

should occur in the ABS, the ESP will also be out of action.

The ESP is designed to increase the degree of control in situations where the

Disabling

car approaches the limits of adhesion, especially when accelerating and

The ESP is enabled automatically when the engine is started and performs a

cornering. It reduces the risk of skidding and improves stability in all road

self-test routine.

conditions. The system is active across the entire speed range.

Safety First

Operating instructions

Practical tips

Technical Data

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176

Intelligent technology

If required, the ESP can also be enabled and disabled manually by briefly

How the ABS works

pressing the

ESP

switch ⇒ page 175, fig. 146. The ESP warning lamp lights

The system runs an automatic self-check when the car reaches a road speed

up when the system is switched off, see ⇒ page 68.

of about 6 km/h. This may be accompanied by a noise from the ABS pump.

In general, the ESP should be left switched on at all times. In particular

When one of the wheels is turning very slowly in relation to the road speed

circumstances where a certain amount of wheel slip is desirable, it may be

and is close to locking up, the system will reduce the pressure in the brake

advisable to switch off the ESP. Examples:

line to this wheel. The driver is made aware of this adjustment process by a

vibration of the brake pedal and an audible noise. This is a deliberate

• when driving with snow chains

warning to the driver that one or more of the wheels is tending to lock up and

• when driving in deep snow or on loose surfaces

the ABS control function has intervened. In this situation it is important to

• when rocking the car backwards and forwards to free it.

keep the brake pedal fully depressed so the ABS can regulate the brake appli-

cation, but do not “pump” the brake pedal.

The ESP should be switched on again afterwards as soon as possible.

WARNING

The grip provided by ABS is still subject to the physical limits of adhesion.

The ESP is not able to overcome the physical limits of adhesion. Even with

Always bear this in mind, especially on wet or slippery roads. If you notice

ESP, you should always adjust your speed to suit the conditions. Please

that the ABS is working (to counteract locked wheels under braking), you

bear this in mind, especially on wet or slippery road surfaces. Do not let the

should reduce speed immediately to suit the road and traffic conditions. Do

extra safety features tempt you into taking any risks when driving. Failure

not let the extra safety features tempt you into taking any risks when

to do so could result in an accident.

driving. Failure to do so could result in an accident.

Note

Anti-lock brake system (ABS)

If a malfunction should occur in the ABS, this is indicated by a warning lamp

ABS prevents the wheels from locking up under braking.

⇒ page 67.

The anti-lock brake system (ABS) is an important part of the car's active safety

system. However, the ABS will not necessarily guarantee shorter stopping

distances in all conditions. For instance, on loose gravel or fresh snow on top

Brake assist system

of an icy surface (conditions which anyway require extreme care and reduced

The brake assist system helps the driver to achieve optimum

speed), the stopping distance with ABS may even be slightly longer.

braking effect.

The brake assist system helps to increase braking power and thus to achieve

a shorter stopping distance. If the driver presses the brake pedal very quickly,

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Intelligent technology

177

the brake assist system automatically boosts the braking force to the

other wheels. The systems works up to a speed of approx. 80 km/h. The

maximum level, up to the point where the anti-lock brake function (ABS) inter-

system will make noises while it is working.

venes to stop the wheels from locking. You should then keep the brake pedal

pressed until the vehicle has braked to the required speed. The brake assist

Moving away from a standstill

system switches itself off as soon as you release the brake pedal.

If one wheel has less grip and starts spinning (for instance, if one of the

driven wheels is on ice), keep pressing the accelerator gradually until the car

The brake assist system will not be operative if there is a malfunction in the

starts moving.

ABS.or in the ESP.

Overheating of the brakes

To prevent the brake disk of the braked wheel from overheating, the EDL cuts

WARNING

out automatically if subjected to excessive loads. In this case, the vehicle will

Please remember that the accident risk always increases if you drive too

continue to run and will have the same running properties as those of another

fast, especially in corners or on a slippery road, or if you follow too close

without EDL.

behind the vehicle in front of you. An increased accident risk cannot be

The EDL will switch on again automatically when the brake has cooled down.

compensated even by the brake assist system. Risk of accident.

WARNING

Electronic differential lock (EDL)

• When accelerating on a uniformly slippery surface (for instance all four

wheels on ice or snow), press the accelerator gradually and carefully.

The electronic differential lock prevents the loss of traction

Despite EDL, the driven wheels may otherwise start to spin. This could

caused if one wheel starts spinning.

impair the car's stability. Risk of accident.

• Even with EDL, you should always adjust your speed to suit the condi-

General notes

tions. Do not let the extra safety features tempt you into taking any risks

The electronic differential lock (EDL) helps the car to start moving, accelerate

when driving. Failure to do so could result in an accident.

and climb a gradient in slippery conditions where this may otherwise be diffi-

cult or even impossible.

Note

How it works

If the ABS warning lamp lights up, this can also mean there is a fault in the

The EDL works automatically, i.e. without the driver's involvement. With the

EDL. Please take the vehicle to a specialist garage as soon as possible.

aid of the ABS sensors, the system monitors the rotational speed of the

driven wheels ⇒ page 176. If a considerable difference in revs is detected

(approx. 100 rpm) in the speed of the driven wheels, e.g. when only one part

of the surface supporting the wheels is slippery, the system applies the brake

to slow down the skidding wheel so that more of the power is directed to the

Safety First

Operating instructions

Practical tips

Technical Data

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178

Intelligent technology

(TCS)Traction control system

Brakes

The traction control system prevents the drive wheels from

spinning when the car is accelerating.

General notes

New brake pads

The traction control system (TCS) is one of the functions incorporated in the

New brake pads do not provide optimal performance during the first 400 km

electronic stabilisation programme (ESP).

they must be “run in”. However, the reduced braking capacity may be

compensated by pressing on the brake pedal a little harder. Avoid over-

The traction control system (TCS) helps the car to start moving, accelerate and

loading the brakes during run-in.

climb a gradient in slippery conditions where this may otherwise be difficult

or even impossible.

Wear

How it works

The rate of wear on the brake pads depends a great deal on how you drive and

the conditions in which the vehicle is operated. Negative factors are, for

The TCS acts automatically, i.e. without the driver's intervention. With the aid

instance, city traffic, frequent short trips or hard driving with abrupt starts

of the ABS sensors ⇒ page 176, the TCS monitors the speed of the driven

and stops.

wheels. If the wheels start to spin, the engine power is reduced automatically

to match the amount of grip available. The system is active across the entire

Wet roads; road salt

speed range.

In certain conditions, such as in heavy rain, or after washing the car or driving

The TCS works in conjunction with the ABS. If a malfunction should occur in

through water, the full braking effect can be delayed by moisture (or in winter

the ABS, the TCS will also be out of action.

by ice) on the discs and brake pads. The brakes should be “dried” by pressing

the pedal to restore full braking effect.

Note

When the velocity is over 80 km/h windscreen wipers are on, the brake

system moves the pads towards the brake discs for a few seconds. This

To ensure that the TCS works properly, all four wheels must be fitted with

occurs - without warning to the driver - at regular intervals and requires a

identical tyres. The difference in size of the wheels may lead to an undesired

reduction in engine power. Also see ⇒ page 233.

more rapid response from the brakes when driving on wet roads.

The effectiveness of the brakes can also be temporarily reduced if the car is

driven for some distance without using the brakes when there is a lot of salt

on the road in winter. In this case, the layer of salt on the brake discs and pads

has to wear off before braking.

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Intelligent technology

179

Corrosion

Note

There may be a tendency for dirt to build up on the brake pads and corrosion

to form on the discs if the car is used infrequently, or if you only drive low

If you wish to equip the car with accessories such as a front spoiler or wheel

mileages without using the brakes very much.

covers, it is important that the flow of air to the front wheels is not obstructed,

otherwise the brakes can overheat.

If the brakes are not used frequently, or if rust has formed on the disks, it is

advisable to clean off the pads and disks by braking firmly a few times from a

moderately high speed ⇒

Brake servo

Faults in the brake system

If the brake pedal travel should ever increase suddenly, this may mean that

The brake servo assists the driver when braking

one of the two brake circuits has failed. Drive immediately to the nearest qual-

ified workshop and have the fault rectified. On the way to the dealer, be

The brake servo amplifies the pressure you apply to the brake pedal. The

prepared to use more pressure on the brake pedal, and allow for longer stop-

brake servo works only when the engine is running.

ping distances.

Low brake fluid level

WARNING

Malfunctions can occur in the brake system if the brake fluid level is too low.

Ensure the vehicle does not move while in neutral, when the motor is

The brake fluid level is monitored electronically.

stopped. Failure to do so could result in an accident.

WARNING

Note

When applying the brakes to clean off deposits on the pads and discs,

If the brake servo is not working, e.g. because the vehicle has to be towed or

select a clear, dry road. Be sure not to inconvenience or endanger other

because it is broken, you will have to press the brake pedal considerably

road users. Risk of accident.

harder to make up for the lack of servo assistance.

Caution

• Never let the brakes “drag” by leaving your foot on the pedal when you do

Power steering

not really intend to brake. This overheats the brakes, resulting in longer stop-

ping distances and greater wear.

The power steering assists the driver when turning the

• Before driving down a long, steep slope, it is advisable to reduce speed

steering wheel (with the engine running).

and change into a lower gear. This makes use of engine braking and prolongs

the service life of the brakes. If you still have to use the brakes, it is better to

The power steering assists the driver by reducing the force needed to turn the

brake firmly at intervals than to apply the brakes continuously.

steering wheel.

Safety First

Operating instructions

Practical tips

Technical Data

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180

Intelligent technology

The power steering does not work if the engine is off. In this case the steering

If a fault should occur in the servotronic system, the power steering will still

wheel is very hard to turn.

operate. The degree of power assistance will, however, no longer adapt to

different speeds. If the electronic regulating system is not working properly,

If the steering is held at its turning limit when the car is stationary, this will

this is most noticeable when turning the steering wheel at low speeds (for

place an excessive load on the power steering system. Turning the steering

instance when parking) - more effort will be required than usual. The fault

wheel to its limit places a load on the system, which causes noise. It will also

should be corrected by a qualified workshop as soon as possible.

reduce the idling speed of the engine.

Caution

When the engine is running, do not turn the steering wheel to its limit for

more than 15 seconds. Otherwise, there is a risk of damaging the power

steering.

Note

• If the power steering should fail at any time or the engine is switched off

(for instance when being towed), the car can still be steered. However, more

effort will be required to turn the steering wheel.

• If the system is leaking or malfunctioning, please take the car to a quali-

fied workshop as soon as possible.

• The power steering requires a special hydraulic fluid. The fluid reservoir is

located at the front of the engine compartment on the left ⇒ page 282. The

correct fluid level in the reservoir is important for the power steering to func-

tion properly. The hydraulic fluid level is checked at the Inspection Service.

Servotronic

The servotronic system electronically adjusts the degree of

power assistance

In cars equipped with servotronic power steering the degree of power assist-

ance ⇒ page 179 is adjusted electronically according to road speed.

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Driving and the environment

181

Driving and the environment

Running-in

Braking effect and braking distance

The braking effect and braking distance are influenced by

Running in a new engine

driving situations and road conditions.

The engine needs to be run-in over the first 1,500 km.

The efficiency of the brakes depends directly on the brake pad wear. The rate

of wear of the brake pads depends to a great extent on the conditions under

Up to 1,000 kilometres

which the vehicle is operated and the way the vehicle is driven. If you often

drive in town traffic, drive short distances or have a sporty driving style, we

- Do not drive at speeds of more than 2/3 the maximum speed.

recommend that you have the thickness of your brake pads checked by an

- Do not accelerate hard.

Authorised Service Centre more frequently than recommended in the Service

Schedule.

- Avoid high engine revolutions.

If you drive with wet brakes, for example, after crossing areas of water, in

heavy rainfall or even after washing the car, the effect of the brakes is less-

- Do not tow a trailer.

ened as the brake discs are wet or even frozen (in winter): The brakes should

be “dried” by pressing the pedal to restore full braking effect.

From 1000 to 1500 km

- Speeds can be gradually increased to the maximum road speed

or maximum permissible engine speed (rpm).

WARNING

Longer braking distances and faults in the brake system increase the risk

During its first few hours of running, the internal friction in the engine is

of accidents.

greater than later on, when all the moving parts have bedded in.

• New brake pads must be run in and do not have the correct friction

during the first 200 km. However, the reduced braking capacity may be

compensated by pressing on the brake pedal a little harder. This also

For the sake of the environment

applies when new brake pads are fitted.

If the engine is run in gently, its life will be increased and its oil consumption,

• If brakes are wet or frozen, or if you are driving on roads which have

reduced.

been gritted with salt, braking power may set in later than normal.

• On steep slopes, if brakes are excessively used, they will overheat.

Before driving down a long steep slope, it is advisable to reduce speed and

change down into a lower gear (or move the selector lever to a lower gear if

Safety First

Operating instructions

Practical tips

Technical Data

Seat Exeo. Service Manual - part 11