Design Principles High-speed Maglev System. Information (MSB, 2007)

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Reverse (toward end section 2)

Direction of travel

Forward (toward end section 1)

(vehicle-related)

End section 2

Centre section n+1

Centre section n=1

End section 1

View from above

left side of vehicle

right side of vehicle

Vehicle and

section centre

with 3, 5 etc.

Gradient

sections

Start / End

Line section B

Vehicle

hovering

Guideway

Reference hover gap

Vehicle and Guideway Coordinates

left side of guideway

ascending kilometre markers

right side of guideway

End

Line section A

In direction of descending kilometre markers

Direction of travel

In direction of ascending kilometre markers

(vehicle-related)

Figure 4: System of coordinates and direction of travel

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 72

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Stator pack

3-phase system:

Î/

W U

V W U

n winding periods

Guideway reference point:

left side of guideway

Direction of thrust

km marker

centreline of the middle position reference strip

right side of guideway

Position ref. strip

U V W

Î/

Lev. magnet ex

citer poles

U V W

Vehicle reference point:

Centre of levitation magnet in train centre

Reference time

of the 3-phase system

Vehicle reference pointto guideway reference point

Pole position angle 0°

View of guideway from above

W U

V W U

Î/

Figure 5: Layout of winding legs, reference position, exciter poles

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 73

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Levitation/guide system

Figure 9: Levitation/guide system (example)

Wagenkasten-Zelle

Body cell

Trag-/Führsystem

Support/guidance system

Schwebegestell

Levitation chassis

Schweberahmen

Levitation frame

Tragmagnet

Support magnet

Führmagnet

Guidance magnet

Bremsmagnet

Braking magnet

Einbaustruktur

Mounting structure

Tragkufe

Support skid

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 78

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Braking curve Safe Brake

360 kN

Braking force

[kN/section]

250 kN

350

v = 0 km/h

Fx = 360 kN/section (stiction)

max. Dynamic braking force

Transitional area:

300

Sliding friction → Stiction

Fx = 250 kN/section

100 ... 200 ms

Sliding in transition to stiction

Fx = 215 kN/section

Maximum braking characteristic

250

(basis for designing vehicle and guideway)

Touchdown of skids from slide friction

Limiting line for permissible retardation with 1.5 m/s²

Fx = 110 kN/section (equivalent to retardation of 1.5

200

m/s² at max. vehicle weight)

Minimum braking force on iced guideway

Minimum braking characteristic

(basis of the safe brake profile)

150

Force during exceptional effect

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Brake magnet resting

Brake magnet

Speed

against lateral guide rail

No contact

[km/h]

Sliding

Braking force from

on support skids

eddy-current brake

Figure 10: Braking characteristic of safe brake for an MSB vehicle section.

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 79

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Running resistance

220

10 Sections

200

9 Sections

180

8 Sections

160

7 Sections

140

6 Sections

120

5 Sections

100

4 Sections

3 Sections

2 Sections

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

v [km/h]

For explanation see Chapter 0

Figure 11: Running resistance (airport link - planning status 2006)

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 80

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Druckeinwirkung auf ebenen Flächen…

Pressure effect on even surfaces parallel to direction of

travel, fixed or moving in parallel

Abstand der Fahrzeug-Seitenwände…

Distance between vehicle side walls when trains meet

Spurmittenabstand gem. Tab. 5

Track centres according to Table 5

Querneigung

Incline

Äußere Wagenkastenbreite…

External body width according to Annex 4.2 (4)

Fahrwegquerneigung

Guideway incline

Structure of the energy supply

Unterwerk n

Unterwerk n+1

Steuerung

Energie-

versorgung

Energieanpassung und -verteilung

Hilsenergie-

Blindleistungs-

Externe

Traktions-

Hilfsenergie-

Blindleistungs-

Externe

Traktions-

versorgung

kompensation

Bordenergie-

energie-

versorgung

kompensation

Bordenergie-

energie-

einspeisung

versorgung

einspeisung

versorgung

Streckenseitige Einrichtungen

Steuerung Energie-

versorgung

Hilfsenergie-

Externe

versorgung

Bordenergie-

einspeisung

Unterwerk

Substructure

Steuerung Energie-versorgung

Control of energy supply

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 82

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Energieanpassung und -verteilung

Energy adaption and distribution

Hilfsenergieversorgung

Auxiliary energy supply

Blindleistungskompensation

Reactive power compensation

Externe Bordenergie-einspeisung

External onboard energy supply

Traktions-energie-versorgung

Traction energy supply

Streckenseitige Einrichtungen

Track-side equipment

Figure 13: Structure of the energy supply (example)

Structure and functions of the drive

Unterwerk n

Unterwerk n+1

Antriebsregelung/-

steuerung

Umrichter

Antriebsstrecke m

Streckenkabel

Fahrwegseite

Schaltstelle

Statorab-

schnitt

Figure 14: Structure of the drive (example)

Unterwerk

Substructure

Antriebsregelung/-steuerung

Propulsion system regulation/control

Umrichter

Converter

Antriebsstrecke

Drive section

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 83

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Streckenkabel

Section cable

Fahrwegseite

Guideway side

Statorabschnitt

Stator section

Schaltstelle

Switching point

Betriebsleittechnik

Fahrzeug

Antriebsvorgaben

Ortsinformation

über Datenübertragung der BLT

Antriebssteuerung

Abschaltbefehl

Betriebsart

Streckensteuerung

Fahrzeugführung

Fahrzeugort,

-geschwindigkeit

aktiver Statorabschnitt

Sollvorgabe Statorstrom

Stromregelung

Betriebsart

Stellgrößen

Schaltbefehle

Istwerte Motor

Umrichterregelung / -

steuerung

Steuerbefehle

Istwerte

Antriebsstrecke

Umrichter

Drive functions are shown in oval boxes and external components in rectangular boxes.

Figure 15: Functions of the drive

Betriebsleittechnik

Operational control system (BLT)

Fahrzeug

Vehicle

Antriebsvorgaben

Propulsion system settings

Ortsinformation über Datenübertragung der BLT

Location information regarding data transmission from

BLT

Abschaltbefehl

Shutdown command

Betriebsart

Type of operation

Antriebssteuerung

Propulsion system control

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 84

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Streckensteuerung

Section control

Fahrzeugart, -geschwindigkeit

Vehicle type, speed

Fahrzeugführung

Vehicle guidance

aktiver Statorabschnitt

active stator section

Stromregelung

power control

Sollvorgabe Statorstrom

Desired settings for stator power

Stellgrößen Istwerte Motor

Variables for actual values for motor

Schaltbefehle

Switching commands

Umrichterregelung/-steuerung

Convertor regulation/control

Steuerbefehle Istwerte

Control commands actual values

Antriebsstrecke

Propulsion system section

Umrichter

Covnertor

Structure and functions of the operation

control system

Fahrdienst -

leitung

Fahrweg,

BLT

Fahrzeug

Stationen

Antrieb

Instandhaltung

Figure 16: Placement and interfaces of the OCS

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 85

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Fahrdienstleitung

Meldungen,

Anzeigen

Fahrtvorgaben

Fahrablaufsteuerung

Fahrwegparameter

Fahrzeugparameter

Fahrweggdaten

Fahrzeugdaten

Fahrwegdaten

Fahrzeugdaten

Fahrprofil -

Fahrwegsicherung

Fahrzeugsicherung

überwachung

Fahrzeug-

Profilverletzung

bewegung

Ortungs-

parameter

Profilverletzung

Antriebsvorgaben

Lageinformation,

Ort,

Stellbefehle,

Meldungen

Geschwindigkeit

Ausgaben

Antriebsabschaltung

Sichere Ortung

Stellbefehle

Eingaben

Ort,

Abschaltbefehl

Geschindigkeit

Fahrweg,

Antrieb

Instandhaltung

Fahrzeug

Stationen

Daten

Datenübertragung

OCS functions are shown in oval boxes and external components in rectangular boxes.

Figure 17: OCS functions and data flows

Fahrdienstleitung

Traffic controller

Meldungen, anzeigen

Messages, displays

Fahrtvorgaben

Trip settings

Fahrablaufsteurerung

Trip progress control

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 87

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Fahrwegparameter

Guideway parameters

Fahrzeugparameter

Vehicle parameters

Fahrwegdaten

Guideway data

Fahrzeugdaten

Vehicle data

Fahrwegsicherung

Guideway protection

Fahrprofilüberwachung

Driving profile monitoring

Fahrzeugsicherung

Vehicle protection

Fahrzeugbewegung

Vehicle movement

Profilverletzung

Profile violation

Ortungsparameter

Location parameters

Lageinformationen, Meldungen

Position information, messages

Antriebsvorgaben

Propulsion system settings

Ort, Geschwindigkeit

Location, speed

Stellbefehle, Ausgaben

Actuator commands and output

Antriebsabschaltung

Propulsion system shutdown

Sichere Ortung

Safe location

Stellbefehle

Actuator commands

Eingaben

Inputs

Abschaltbefehl

Shutdown command

Ort, Geschwindigkeit

Location, speed

Fahrweg, Stationen

Guideway, stations

Antrieb

Propulsion system

Instandhaltung

Maintenance

Fahrzeug

Vehicle

Daten

Data

Datenübertragung

Data transmission

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 88

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Structure of the positioning

Einrichtungen am Fahrzeug

Betriebsleittechnik

Antrieb

Sichere Ortung

BLT-Funktionen

Steuerungstechnisch relev ante

Ortung

Datenübertragung

Antriebsregelung

Mobil-Ortsf est

Referenzorte

Relativ ort

Einrichtungen am Fahrweg

Figure 18: Structure of the positioning (example)

Einrichtungen am Fahrzeug

Equipment on vehicle

Display

Betriebsleittechnik

Operational control system (BLT)

Antrieb

Propulsion system

Sichere Ortung

Safe location

BLT-Funktionen

BLT functions

Steuerungstechnisch relevante Ortung

Location that is relevant to the controls

Datenübertragung Mobil-Ortsfest

Transmission of data between mobile and fixed

locations

Antriebsregelung

Regulation of propulsion system

Referenzorte

Reference locations

Relativort

Relative location

Einrichtungen am Fahrweg

Equipment on guideway

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 89

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Elevated guideway

Clearance gauge

Boundary line for the

kinematic space requirement

of the vehicle

e.g. 24768

Superstruct

Substructur

Figure 19: Elevated guideway (example)

At-grade guideway

Clearance gauge

Boundary lie for the

kinem atic space requirem ent

of the vehicle

6192

3096

Figure 20: At-grade guideway (example)

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 90

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Guideway equipment and functional planes

Gauge 2800

1400

1110

Lateral guide rail SFS

Slide rail GL

3D curve

250

min. 30

Slide plane GE

285

Stator pack mounting

305

240

max. 240

Stator plane SE

185

240

842.5

715

885

Guideway boundary

1102

Space for external

Space for

onboard energy supply

positioning modules

Space for

LSW incoming and outgoing cable

motor winding

(

) Figures in brackets are design-specific

Figure 22: Functional elements, functional planes and installation spaces on the guideway, dimensions (nominal)

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 92

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Stator pack arrangement

Stator pack arrangement on straight guideway

1032 (System dimension)

1/2 gap

gap

1/2 gap

Stator pack arrangement on horizontally curved guideway

1032 (System dimension) + differenc xe for outside bend

1032 (System dim ension) + difference for outside bend

(bend outside)

1/2 gap bend outside

Gap bend outside

3D curve

1032 (System dimension)

(bend inside)

1/2 gap bend inside

Gap bend inside

1/2 gap bend inside

1032 (System dimension) - difference for inside bend

The lengths of the individual stator pack types must be defined project-specifically.

Figure 23: Stator pack arrangement (example)

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 93

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Route peripherals

Radio mast

minimum clearance *

3254 (12°)

(3150 2 %)

Clearance gauge

Boundary line for the

kinematic space requirement

of the vehicle

possible

site of the

switch point /

transformer station /

emergency power /

BE station

3D curve

12°

Space for cables

Space for cables für

Frost protection layer

1200

* except special cases

hG, Grade - Gradient height above grade after completion

Figure 30: Route peripherals with at-grade guideway (example)

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 103

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Radio mast

Minimum clearance *

3254 (12°)

(3150 2 %)

Boundary line for the

Clearance gauge

kinematic space requirement

of the vehicle

3D curve

12°

Walkway

level

possible

site of

switching point /

Space for cables

transformer station /

Space for cables

emergency power /

BE station

1200

* except special cases

H - Headroom as per requirements for overpass of railway or road

Figure 31: Route peripherals with elevated guideway (example)

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 104

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

The system data defined below are required in order to design subsystems and modules of the MSB. The system data that are identified

in this Annex as "system parameters" apply to all projects. The project-specific or product-specific data (not specially identified here as

"system parameters") must be confirmed project-specifically by application of the Design Principles, or defined differently. The defini-

tions must be allowed for in the verification process.

System

Symbol

No.

Name

para-

Value

Unit

Explanation

meter

Transport / operational pa-

rameters

1.1.

Speed

(1)

Maximum vehicle speed

v_Fz,max

500

km/h

Constant speed derived from the per-

missible continuous loads for the vehi-

cle.

(2)

Vehicle speed limit

v_Fz,limit

km/h

Constant speed derived from the per-

missible vehicle loads (special load

cases).

To be defined project-specifically based

on incident analyses.

(3)

Maximum guideway speed

v_Fw,max(x)

≤ 500

km/h

Position-dependent profile of the per-

missible speed for an aligned route

derived from the strength of the guide-

way.

(4)

Guideway speed limit

v_Fw,limit(x)

km/h

Position-dependent profile of the per-

missible speed for an aligned route

derived from the strength of the guide-

way under exceptional effects.

To be defined project-specifically based

on incident analyses.

1.2.

Schedule

(1)

Signal headway

min

Project-specific decision

Track alignment

2.1.

Horizontal radius

(1)

Minimum horizontal radius

R_{H min}

350

2.2.

Limits of transverse inclination

(1)

- in platform area

α_{max (BS)}

*) /MBbO Section 13 (3) limits the

permissible transverse inclination in the

stationary train in the platform area to

3.4 °. The max. permitted transverse

inclination of 3.0 ° for line routing is

derived from this.

(2)

- at service stopping places for opera-

α_{max (HP_2)}

Comfort guide value as per project-

tionally related stop

specific definition

(3)

- at other service stopping places

α_{max (HP_1)}

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 106

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

(4)

- outside stopping places

α_{max (ST)}

MbBO Section 13, (3)

MbBO Section 13, (3) for approval in

individual cases

(5)

Desired transverse inclination to drain

α_{min (ST)}

≥ 1.15

equivalent to 2%

the top of the guideway beam

2.3.

Vertical radius

(1)

Minimum vertical radius

R_{V min}

530

2.4.

Limits of linear inclination

(1)

- in platform area

s_{max (BS)} (β)

‰

MbBO Section 13, (2)

(2)

- in areas in which standing vehicles

s_{max (BE)} (β)

‰

MbBO Section 13, (2), exception per-

must be secured from inadvertent

mitted as per MbBO Section 5, (1)

movement

(3)

- at stopping places

s_{max (HP)} (β)

≤ 100

‰

Defined project-specifically according

to proof of the hold function

(4)

- outside stopping places

s_{max (ST)} (β)

100

‰

2.5.

Limits of guideway warp

(1)

Limits of guideway warp

∆α_{max (ST)}

0.10

°/m

up to 0.15°/m in special cases

combination of transverse inclination

over 12° and warp over 0.1°/m only

after verification in individual cases.

2.6.

Overlaying of alignment elements

(1)

R_x,z criterion

R_{x,z min}

fx,z(∆α)

(2)

R_x,y criterion

R_{x,y min}

fx,y(∆α)

2.7.

Other alignment parameters

(1)

Track centres

S_M

≥ 4,400

according to MbBO, speed-dependent

(2)

Clearance gauge

according to MbBO

Accelerations, jolts, vibra-

tion and pressures

3.1.

Acceleration

3.1.1.

Linear acceleration (x-direction)

(1)

Maximum value of drive acceleration

a_{x,max,accelerate}

≤ 1.5

m/s²

MbBO Section 13, (5)

(2)

Maximum value of brake acceleration

a_x,max,brake

≥ -1.5

m/s²

MbBO Section 13, (5)

3.1.2.

Unbalanced (free) lateral accelera-

tion (y-direction)

(1)

Line

a_y,max

≤ 1.5

m/s²

to outside of bend, MbBO Section 13,

(4)

(2)

Track-switching device

a_y,max,SWE

≤ 2.0

m/s²

to outside of bend, MbBO Section 13,

(4)

3.1.3.

Normal acceleration (z-direction)

(1)

Trough

a_z,max

≤ 1.2

m/s²

MbBO Section 13, (6), may be ex-

ceeded in individual cases (variable

(2)

Crown

a_z,min

≥ -0.6

m/s²

effects)

3.2.

Jolt

(1)

Lateral pressure

å_y,max

0.5

m/s³

Comfort criterion, for city entrances at

constraints: up to 1.0 m/s³ in individual

cases

(2)

Lateral jolt, point at junction

å_y,max,SWE

2.0

m/s³

Comfort criterion

(3)

Vertical jolt

å_z,max

0.5

m/s³

Comfort criterion, in individual cases at

constraints: up to 1.0 m/s³

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 107

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

MSB Vehicle

4.1.

Vehicle configuration

(1)

Number of vehicle sections

N_Sekt

2 … 10

no.

(2)

Useful area per vehicle section

A_Nutz

m²

Project-specific decision

(3)

Seats per vehicle section

N_Sitz

(4)

Standing places per vehicle section

N_Steh

(5)

Payload per vehicle section

4.2.

Vehicle geometry

Airport link - planning status 2006

(1)

Geometrical length, end section

L_ES

approx.

(2)

Geometrical length, centre section

L_MS

24.768

see also Fig. 23 /MSB AG-

GESAMTSYS/, Chapter 8.16

5.1.2.

Standard beam lengths

(1)

Standard guideway type I

L_{Sys,Typ I}

> 16

Usually supported discretely on individ-

ual footings. To be defined project-

specifically.

(2)

Standard guideway type II

L_{Sys,Type II}

≤16

Usually supported discretely on individ-

ual footings. To be defined project-

specifically.

(3)

Standard guideway type III

L_{Sys,Typ III}

approx. 6

Usually supported discretely on strip

footings. To be defined project-

specifically.

5.2.

Guideway geometry

(1)

Gauge (distance between lateral

S_SFE

2,800

guide planes)

(2)

Guideway hover clearance slide

T_ZM,GLE-SE

398

plane/stator plane

5.3.

Deviations of position of the func-

tional planes

5.3.1.

Tolerance guideway hover clear-

ance

(1)

Guideway hover clearance in beam

∆T_ZM

+3 / -5

bay

(2)

Relative difference in hover clear-

± 0.4

ances at beam joint

5.3.2.

Gauge width tolerance

(1)

Gauge width in beam bay

max ∆S

± 2

(2)

Relative gauge difference at beam

± 1

joint

5.4.

Guideway superstructure deforma-

tion

5.4.1.

in x-direction due to traffic

(1)

at beam joint

periodical

with autom. braking

5.4.2.

in z-direction due to traffic

(1)

Single-bay beam

max f_z,Fzg

L_St/4,000

with static effect at permissible vehicle

weight

(2)

Dual-bay beam

L_St/4,800

with static effect at permissible vehicle

weight

(3)

Guideway plates

The construction must be assessed in

individual cases.

5.4.3.

in y-direction due to traffic

(1)

Single-bay beam

max f_y,Fzg

L_St/15,000

with static effect at permissible vehicle

weight and ay,max

(2)

Dual-bay beam

L_St/18,000

with static effect at permissible vehicle

weight and ay,max

(3)

Guideway plates

The construction must be assessed in

individual cases.

5.5.

Track-switching devices

(1)

Turnaround time of a 2-way point from

Typical value

end position to end position

Geometry of the vehi-

cle/guideway interfaces

6.1.

Levitation magnet / long stator

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 109

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

6.1.1.

Levitation magnet

(1)

Levitation magnet system length

L_sys,TM

3,096

(standard length magnet)

(2)

Levitation magnet centres in y-

e_y,TM

2,220

direction

(3)

Levitation magnet occupancy length

L_TM-B,MS

24,768

centre section

(4)

Levitation magnet occupancy length

L_TM-B,ES

23,753

no system dimension, may vary pro-

end section

ject-specifically

6.1.2

Long stator

(1)

Lang stator centres in y-direction

e_y,SP

2220

Nom. dim.

(2)

Width of stator pack (geometrical)

b_y,SP

≥ 185

Typical embodiment: 185 mm, to be

defined project-specifically

(3)

Pole centres

e_{x,pole centres}

258

Nom. dim., 3-phase motor winding

(4)

Slot pitch (centres of the motor wind-

e_{x,slot pitch}

Nom. dim.

ing cable)

6.2.

Guide magnet - lateral guide rail

6.2.1.

Guide magnet

(1)

Guide magnet system length

L_sys,FM

3,096

6.2.2.

Lateral guide rail

(1)

Lateral guide rail height

h_SFS

310

(2)

Lateral guide rail thickness

d_SFS

≥ 30

30 mm, Typical embodiment, to be

defined project-specifically

6.3.

Brake magnet - lateral guide rail

(1)

Brake magnet centres in x-direction

e_x,BM

24,768

Guide value, different dimensions may

be defined project-specifically.

6.4.

Support skid / slide plane

6.4.1

Support skid

(1)

Support skid length

L_x,TK

740

Guide value, different dimensions may

be defined project-specifically.

(2)

Support skid width

b_y,TK

110

Guide value, different dimensions may

be defined project-specifically.

(3)

Skid centres in x-direction

e_x,TK

3,096

(4)

Skid centres in y-direction

e_y,TK

2,220

6.4.2

Slide plane

(1)

Slide plane / slide rail width

min b_y,GL

≥ 150

Effects at the vehi-

cle/guideway interfaces in x-

direction

(1)

Variable effects with drive/brakes

max stat p_x

4.8

kN/m

Local maximum; mean over a vehicle

section 4.4 kN/m for a centre section of

length 24.768 m.

Drive current is limited so that the

maximum permissible force is not

exceeded.

(2)

Exceptional effects (symmetrical)

max p_x

10.0

kN/m

Equivalent to approx. 250 kN/vehicle

section

for a centre section of length 24.768 m

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 110

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

(3)

Exceptional effects (asymmetrical)

max px r,l

5.5

kN/m

Equivalent to a maximum total force of

or 2.0

185 kN/vehicle section for a centre

section of length 24.768 m and a

maximum uneven distribution of 0.73 :

0.27 between the two guideway/vehicle

sides

Drive

8.1.

Motor geometry

see Levitation magnet and Long stator

8.2.

Motor constants

(1)

Shear force constant per centre sec-

c_M,MS

N/A

Correlated quantity equation: c_M,MS =

tion

43.0 * √(m_MS[t] / 64.5 t)

with m_MS - actual weight of centre

section

Values may vary at very high and very

low temperatures due to the expansion

of long MSB vehicles.

(2)

Shear force constant per end section

c_M,ES

N/A

Correlated quantity equation: c_M,ES =

41.3 * √(m_ES[t] / 62.0 t)

with m_ES - actual weight of end section

Values may vary at very high and very

low temperatures due to the expansion

of long MSB vehicles.

(3)

Induced motor voltage per vehicle

u_p

Equivalent to 1/6 * c_M * speed

section long side

(4)

Conductor cross-section

A_S

300

Guide value for aluminium conductor

(5)

Conductor resistance

R_S

0.23

Ω

Guide value per km stator length at

20°C and 0-30 Hz

(6)

Resistance/temp. coefficient

θ_St

0.004

1/°C

Guide value factor is:

(1+θ_St*(temperature-20°C))

(7)

Resistance/frequency coefficient

f_St

0.004

Guide value factor is: (1+f_St*(frequency-

30Hz))

(8)

Leakage inductance

L_S

2.6

Guide value per km stator length with-

out vehicle

(9)

Vehicle magnetizing inductance

L_h

0.1

Guide value per section and side incl.

L_S

(10)

Earth capacitance

C_S

Guide value per km stator length

(11)

Length factor moving field line/long

2.35

Guide value

stator

(12)

Max. conductor temperature

T_Lmax

°C

Guide value for service life reasons,

technically 90°C

(13)

Thermal time constant

τ_Stat

1...5

Guide value

(14)

Nom. voltage

U_Nenn

10...20

Guide value interlinked fundamental

component rms

8.3.

Motor interconnection

(1)

Motor section length

1,200

Guide value, individually between

approx. 0.5 and 3 km

(2)

Motor section offset

vers

300

Guide value, individually between 0

and ds/2

Operation Control System

9.1

Safe positioning

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 111

paper

Rapid Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

(1)

Positional information tolerance, static

Typical value. The value must be de-

termined project-specifically.

(2)

Speed information tolerance

km/h

Typical value. The value must be de-

termined project-specifically.

9.2

Vehicle-related speeds

(1)

Setdown speed

km/h

Typical value. The value must be de-

termined project-specifically.

9.3

Deceleration and running times

(1)

Max. drive shutdown time

2.3

Guide value for the shutdown time of

the drive and braking energy for a

safety-relevant shutdown reason by the

OCS

10.

Aerodynamics

10.1.

Pressure during vehicle passage

(1)

Max. pressure amplitude on the vehi-

2,400

cle sides

(2)

Pressure amplitude on structures on

dependent on clearance and vehicle

the guideway

speed

(3)

Pressure load on guideway table and

-7.6 to

kN/m²

vehicle underfloor

15.2

10.2.

Pressure in tunnel

(1)

Design pressure for tunnel design

5,500

Differential pressure vehicle inte-

rior/exterior

(2)

Design pressure for vehicle design

6,000

Differential pressure vehicle inte-

rior/exterior

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System

Doc.No.:

50630

Version White

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 112

paper

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

List of contents

1 Distribution

2 Change history

3 List of contents

4 General

4.1 Purpose of the document, scope

4.2 High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

4.3 Abbreviations and definitions

4.4 Statutes, regulations, standards and directives

4.5 Identification and binding value of requirements

5 Overviews

6 Abbreviations

7 Definitions

List of illustrations

Figure 1: Chart of operation, modes

Figure 2: Chart of speed terms

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 4

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

General

Purpose of the document, scope

This document contains abbreviations and definitions for high-speed maglev systems.

These design principles apply to a high-speed maglev system according to the General

Maglev System Act /AMbG/.

High-speed Maglev System Design Princi-

ples

This document is an annex to the Design Principles Complete System and so forms part of a

documentation for high-speed maglev systems consisting of several design principles. The

document tree is shown in Figure 1 /MSB AG-GESAMTSYS/.

The high-level "complete system" design principles and their annexes apply uniformly for the

whole documentation:

•

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles Complete System, Doc. No.: 50630,

/MSB AG-GESAMTSYS/

•

Annex 1: Abbreviations and Definitions, Doc. No.: 67536, /MSB AG-ABK&DEF/

•

Annex 2: Statutes, Regulations, Standards and Directives, Doc. No.: 67539, /MSB

AG-NORM&RILI/

•

Annex 3: Environmental Conditions, Doc. No.: 67285, /MSB AG-UMWELT/

•

Annex 4: Rules for Operation and Maintenance, Doc. No.: 69061, /MSB AG-

BTR/

•

Annex 5: Noise, Doc. No.: 72963, /MSB AG-SCHALL/

Abbreviations and definitions

Abbreviations and definitions are listed in this document.

Further specific abbreviations and definitions may be defined in the lower-level design prin-

ciples.

Statutes, regulations, standards and direc-

tives

The normative documents listed in /MSB AG-NORM&RILI/ contain requirements that form

part of the High-speed Maglev System Design Principles by cross reference in the High-speed

Maglev System Design Principles. Where normative documents in /MSB AG-NORM&RILI/

are dated, subsequent changes or revisions of these publications do not apply. With undated

references, the latest version of the normative document that is referred to applies.

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 5

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

The version of the standards and directives to be observed in an MSB project must be decided

bindingly on a project-specific basis.

Identification and binding value of require-

ments

The requirements of /DIN 820/ were essentially applied in the preparation of this document.

In the following chapters and the annexes of this document

•

Requirements are shown in normal font

•

Explanations, guide values and examples are shown in italics

The degree to which the requirements are binding has been defined by reference to /DIN 820-

2/ Annex G, and has been taken into consideration when formulating the individual require-

ments.

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 6

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Overviews

The following terms and definitions must be used for the High-speed Maglev System Design

Principles.

The terms and definitions are summarised alphabetically below in Chapters 0 and 0.

Operation

Operation is the totality of all

measures used to carry persons

and goods (Section 2, (1)

/MbBO/)

Train operations

Maintenance

Preparation and execution of

Combination of all technical and

journeys with vehicles and

administrative measures

special vehicles.

including

monitoring measures with which

Normal operation

Departure from normal operation

an item is maintained in, or restored

to, its functional condition

Fully technically protected train operations.

Not fully technically protected train

Note: The term ‚normal operation’ is the result of an operational analysis according to MbBO §24

(according to EN 50129/)

operations under

personnel responsibility.

Figure 32: Chart of Operation, Modes

Special loads

Alignment

Project inputs

Alignment

(noise control, energy demand,

comfort values, journey times etc)

Safe levitation

Safe braking

Vehicle speed

Tunnel speed

Guideway

profile

limit

speed limit

Design speed

min

Limiting running

min

Line speed limit

profile

Recomm. speed

Max. operating

Continuous loads

Alignment

for comfort

speed

Safety engineering

responses

Max. vehicle

Max. tunnel

Max. guideway

speed

min

Recommended

Min. running

Max. running

Max. line speed

line speed

profile

for tech. reasons

not for tech. reasons

Drive control

tolerance,

min

Positioning toleranc

Nominal speed

min

Nominal running

profi

Drive pe

rformance

Project-dependent

Failure scenarios

Minimum line

special decisions

Technical maximum

Actual running

speed

profile(s)

SP related

non SP related

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 7

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Figure 33: Chart of Speed Terms

Notes on the "Chart of Speed Terms":

The speed terms are divided up into:

•

stopping place-related speeds ("profiles") for the approach to stopping places, and

•

non stopping place-related speeds ("speeds")

Only profiles are directly monitored by the safety systems.

Stopping place-related:

The alignment and various system characteristics determine the safe levitation profile and the

safe braking profile.

The minimum and maximum running profiles of the stopping place are obtained by forming

the minimum value with the line speed limit (leads to the limiting running profile) and allow-

ing for the safety-technical reactions. These profiles are monitored by the OCS to ensure safe

compliance with the safe levitation profile / braking profile and/or the limiting running pro-

file. The nominal running profile which should be run by the drive is obtained after deducting

drive control tolerances and positioning tolerances and allowing for the nominal speed. The

profile which the drive actually runs because of its efficiency is known as the actual profile. A

minimum line speed which can still be run in operation and that is independent of stopping

places also arises from defined failure scenarios of the drive.

Not stopping place-related:

The defined special loads and the alignment determine the corresponding speed limits for

vehicle, tunnel and guideway. The minimum of these three components is referred to as the

line speed limit. This limit must never be exceeded and so forms part of the limiting running

profile.

The defined continuous loads for vehicle, tunnel and guideway determine the corresponding

maximum speeds. The minimum of the three components it the maximum line speed. This

represents the restriction on the nominal speed for technical reasons. There is also the rec-

ommended line speed as a further limitation on the nominal speed. This consists of comfort-

related and possibly other non safety-related project inputs. The nominal speed forms part of

the nominal running profile (see above).

In addition to all other speeds there is the technical maximum speed which, on a project-

specific basis, is the maximum speed that may be run under defined special conditions, e.g.

for individual journeys for verification purposes.

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 8

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Abbreviations

Abbreviation

Definition

averaged, static line load

Guideway transverse inclination

Ellipsoidal azimuth at the zero point (P₀) of the inclined conform projec-

tion (MKS)

α’

Change in transverse inclination of guideway (superelevation angle)

Guideway linear inclination (incline +, decline -) of the three-

dimensional guideway axis

∆

Delta, difference

δ or δ_xy

Yaw angle (rotation about the z-axis)

∆α

Angular deviation of the y-z-plane, change in guideway transverse incli-

nation (guideway warp)

∆α_max

Maximum permissible guideway warp

∆α_y

Difference in the unbalanced lateral acceleration from sinusoid or clot-

hoid end and beginning

∆α_z

Difference in the normal acceleration of clothoid end and beginning

∆λ

Ellipsoidal linear difference relative to P₀

∆ϕ

Ellipsoidal width difference relative to P₀

∆Τ

Linear temperature difference

δ_0xy

Static yaw angle due to load asymmetry

∆F_pz

Deviation of z-oscillation force from nominal load

∆f_y

Force-dependent static y-downward deflection of the chassis structure

with excited guide magnet and deviation from nominal load

∆f_z

Force-dependent static downward / upward deflection with deviations

from the nominal load

∆f_zG

Force-dependent static downward / upward deflection of the chassis

structure with deviations from the nominal load

∆f_zTK

Static deflection of the support skid with vehicle setdown

∆f_zTM

Force-dependent static downward / upward deflection of the levitation

magnet link with deviations from the nominal load

∆P

Wear to guide magnet pole strip

∆s

Dynamic gap deviation, air gap levitation/guidance

∆s₁

Gap difference at guide magnet centre on bends

∆s₂

Gap difference at guide magnet end on bends

∆T₀

Linear temperature difference between top and bottom of beam at which

nominal precamber /MSB AG-FW GEO/ occurs in the unstressed condi-

tion

∆T_M

Linear temperature difference

∆T_M,y

Linear temperature difference in y-direction

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 9

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Abbreviation

Definition

∆T_M,z

Linear temperature difference in z-direction

∆T_N

Total variation in constant temperature component

∆T_re/li

Temperature difference of the right and left side

∆V_TK

Support slid lining wear

∆W_y

y-construction tolerances, guideway gauge

∆W_z

z-construction tolerances, guideway hover clearance

∆x_A,E

Dimension for the distance from system axis to beam beginning and end

∆y

y-construction tolerances, vehicle gauge

∆y_i

y-offset, levitation frame i

∆z

z-construction tolerances, vehicle hover clearance

∆z_i

z-offset, levitation frame i

Angle of articulation

η or η_yz

Roll angle (rotation about x axis)

η_0yz

Static roll angle due to load asymmetry

ηyzα’

Roll angle of car body from guideway superelevation

η_yzFy

Roll angle of car body from mass force and side wind

Factor of safety, partial factor of safety

γ bzw. γ_xz

Pitch angle (rotation about y axis)

γ_0xz

Static pitch angle due to load asymmetry

γ_A

Partial factor of safety for exceptional effects

γ_G

Partial factor of safety for continuous effects

γ_Q

Partial factor of safety for variable effects

Ellipsoidal length

Wavelength of vehicle-side excitations or effects

λ₀

Ellipsoidal length of the projection zero point

Weight per unit area of the guideway beam

Coefficient of friction

µ_H

Coefficient of friction for the holding brake function

µ_{H min}

Minimum coefficient of friction for the holding brake function on an

iced guideway

Dynamic superelevation factor, vibration coefficient

Ellipsoidal width

ϕ₀

Ellipsoidal width of the projection zero point

Combination factor

ψ₀

Combination factors for variable effects

ψ₁

Combination factors for frequent effects (/1/week)

ψ_1'

Combination factors for non frequent effects (1/year)

ψ₂

Combination factors for quasi-continuous effects

ρ°

Symbol rho, factor for converting the unit radian to degree [°]

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 10

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Abbreviation

Definition

Points angle tau

Tangential torsion at beam joints

Acceleration, deceleration

In the MKS: lateral distance from the geodetic line projected true-to-

length

Outside track

Clothoid parameter

Start

Area

Lift

Load cases of exceptional effects

a_(t)

Acceleration amplitude at time t

ABE

Drive sector

a_eff or a_RMS

Root-mean-square of acceleration

a_i

Acceleration in x ,y ,z direction (i=x,y,z)

a_{i max}

Maximum acceleration in x ,y ,z direction (i=x,y,z) (S-loads)

a_{i mitt}

Mean operational acceleration in x ,y ,z direction (i=x,y,z)

(A-loads)

Starting strip

Lift from wind effects

a_x

Drive and braking acceleration

a_{x max}

Permitted maximum value for the drive and braking acceleration

a_y

Unbalanced free y-lateral acceleration (on bends)

a_{y max}

Permissible maximum value for the unbalanced free lateral acceleration

a_z

Normal acceleration (g + trough/crown run)

a_{z max}

Permissible maximum value for normal acceleration

B, b

Width (general)

b_G

Maximum lateral distance of a passenger from the three-dimensional

curve (centre of the outside seat in each case)

Component, global

BHPL

Service stopping place

Component, local

OCS

Operation Control System

Braking magnet

BSK

Fire safety concept

Operations centre

Spring constant

cηWK

Roll rigidity of car body, relative to pendulum

CAD

Computer Aided Design

c_piE

Rigidity of the z-setdown spring i, relative to the pendulum axis

c_ZF

Rigidity of y-auxiliary spring

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 11

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Abbreviation

Definition

Distance of guide magnet gap sensors

Damping factor, Lehr's damping factor

Permissible conflict between outward and return path of geometrical

levelling

Pressure

DIN

Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Standards Institute)

DSV

Three-step method

dyn

dynamic

Distances in general, centres

End

Elastic modulus

Outcomes of effects (deformation, <stress resultants, stresses, bearing

forces)

EBA

Eisenbahn-Bundesamt (German Federal Railway Authority)

EFT

Single-bay beam

Load case designation for vehicle tare weight

Flexural strength

elas

elastic

E_m

Mean actual value of a line observation

EMF

Electromagnetic fields

EMS

Electromagnetic levitation

EMC

Electromagnetic compatibility

European Standard

End pole of the levitation magnets

End section

ESD

Electrostatic discharge

EVU

Energy utility company

Frequency; deformation

Force

F_A

Aerodynamic running resistance

Vehicle exterior,

F_B

Running resistance from on-board energy generation

F_Brems

Braking force of the vehicle through the effect of vehicle-side brakes

FEM

Finite Element Method

F_G

Total braking force of the vehicle

F_H

Holding brake force

Vehicle interior,

F_Kz1

z-coupling force, section coupling end section 1 to centre section

F_Kz2

z-coupling force, section coupling end section 2 to centre section

F_M

Running resistance from magnetisation of stator and lateral guide rail

Guide magnet

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 12

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Abbreviation

Definition

FMEA

Failure Mode & Effect Analysis

FMT

Section of guide magnet assigned to a guidance control circuit = partial

magnet

F_mWKy

y-inertial force of car body (superelevation deficit)

F_mWKz

z-inertial force of car body

F_p1z

z-oscillation force, tail levitation frame, end section

F_piy

y-oscillation force, levitation frame i

F_piz

z-oscillation force levitation frame i

F_pzLFi

z-oscillation force air suspension circuit i

F_W

Running resistance of the vehicle

Guideway

F_x,Schub

Drive force installed in the guideway

F_xTM

x-force at the levitation magnet link

F_yFM

y-force at the guide magnet link

F_yFM0

Guide magnet preload

F_ySW

Side wind force on end section E, centre section M

F_yWK

y-forces car body end section E, centre section M

f_z

z-offsets

f_z,Fzg

Deformation of guideway in z-direction by the maglev vehicle

f_z,Fzg,max

Maximum deformation of guideway in z-direction by the maglev vehi-

cle

F_ZFiy

y-force at y-aux. spring levitation frame i

Fzg

Vehicle

F_zTM

z-force at the levitation magnet link

F_zWK

z-forces car body end section E, centre section M

Normal case acceleration (acceleration due to gravity

Weight

Load cases continuous effects

Shear modulus

GA_v

Shearing rigidity

ges, Ges

total

Slide rail

GLE, GE

Slide plane

GLM

Slide rail centres

GPS

Global Positioning System

horizontal

H, h

Height (general)

Load case name for increased vehicle weight

h_G,Gelände

Gradient height above grade after completion

HIC

Head Injury Criterion

H_L

Northing in the national system

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 13

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Abbreviation

Definition

Main pole of the levitation magnets

Inside track

Moment of inertia

i, j

Integer control variable

Maintenance

ILT

Infrastructure control system

INKREFA

Incremental Vehicle Location System

Curvature, reciprocal of radius

Crown

Factor, coefficient

Shortwave deviation

left, left-hand

Length (general)

Long-stator centreline

Clear width

L_e

Total length of an alignment element

L_ES

Vehicle length, end section

L_FM

Magnet length, guide magnet

L_FM-B

Guide magnet occupancy length of the vehicle

L_Fw

Length, bay width from support centres

L_i

Beam segment length

L_K

Length of clothoid

L_{K min}

Minimum length of clothoid

L_M

System length of a module in x-direction

L_MS

Vehicle length, centre section

Length of the element up to point P

l_p

Pendulum length

LPZ

Lighting Protection Zone as per /DIN EN 62305-1/

LRL

Location reference lug

Length of sinusoid

L_{S min}

Minimum length of sinusoid

L_St

Guideway beam spans (centres between bearing axes, usually a multiple

of 1.032 m and relative to the centres of the support axes in the 3D

curve)

L_Sys

System length of the beam

L_Tangente

Tangential length

L_TM

Levitation magnet length

L_TM-B

Levitation magnet occupancy length of the vehicle

Length distortion as scale difference

Long-wave deviation

Masse

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 14

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Abbreviation

Definition

Linear effects due to torsion

Moment (general)

Modular construction

max

maximum

Set-down component of the vehicle mass

MbBO

Magnetschwebebahn-Bau- und Betriebsordnung (Maglev Construction

and Operation Regulations)

MDT

Mean Down Time

MFE

Mechanical guidance element, e.g. guide magnet strips or startup strips

Load case designation for mean vehicle weight

min

minimum

MKS

Maglev coordinate system

MRE

Magnet control unit

MREB

Magnet control unit, braking

MREF

Magnet control unit, guidance

MRET

Magnet control unit, levitation

MRK

Magnet control circuit comprising of the control circuit elements: mag-

net, magnet control unit and if necessary the gap measuring unit

Centre section

MSB

Magnetic levitation railway, high-speed maglev system

m_Sekt

Total weight of a vehicle section (with or without payload)

MSF

Scale factor of the projection distortion

MSH

Special magnetic steel from the 'Heinrichshütte' (special magnetic steel

with good magnetic properties)

M_T

Car body rolling moment

MTBF

Mean Time Between Failures

MTTR

Mean Time to Repair

m_WK

Mass of car body

Number, general

Number of sections

Number of bays of a beam

NBT

Normal operation

NGK

Inclination change criterion [mm/m]

Payload

NLÜ

Payload excess

Slot arm

top

Upper chord, top of guideway

Top, top edge

Maximum pole strip wear

Any desired point on the alignment element

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 15

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Abbreviation

Definition

P₀

Zero point for the MKS, also the apex of the ellipsoidal azimuth and

projection zero point

Pole core

Pole strip

plas

plastic

P_Mitte

Point in the centre of the alignment element

PRW

Rotor angle

p_x, p_y, p_z

Line or track load x, y and z direction

Load cases of variable effects

Quality assurance

q_x, q_y, q_z

Area load in x, y and z direction

Earth radius

right, right-hand

Guideway radius of curvature

Radius

Regulation

RAMS

- Reliability

- Availability

- Maintainability

- Safety

R_H

Horizontal radius

Horizontal curve radius

R_{H min}

Minimum permissible horizontal radius

R_H,P

Horizontal radius at point P

R_K,W

Vertical radius (crown, trough in the gradient) ≡ R_V

RKK

Three-dimensional curve coordinate system

RKK

Three-dimensional curve coordinate system

Regulation

Mean earth radius (for calculating projection distortions)

RMS

RMS Value (Root Mean Square)

R_V

Vertical radius

Vertical curve radius

R_{V min}

Minimum permissible vertical radius

R_x,y

Three-dimensional radius by overlaying a gradient curvature (radius)

with a horizontal curvature (radius)

Rx,z

Three-dimensional radius by overlaying horizontal curvature and gradi-

ent curvature

Rx,z_min

Minimum permissible three-dimensional radius (as a function of the

guideway warp)

R_xy

Curve radius

Section, distance

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 16

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Abbreviation

Definition

Guideway gauge

Track centres

Gap dimension

Wake

Centre of gravity

s₀

Nominal air gap levitation magnet / guide magnet

Stator section

Safe Brake

Stator plane

Sekt

Section

S_F

Nominal gap, guiding

SFE

Lateral guide rail plane

SFS

Lateral guide rail

SFZ

Railway vehicle

SGN

Sign (algebraic) of a number

SIAB

sichere Antriebsabschaltung (safe drive shutdown)

Lateral force

Stator pack

SPB

Stator pack mounting, fastener

SPD

Surge Protection Device as per

/DIN EN 62305-1/

S_R

Nominal gap, guiding on bend

Number of vibration cycles

Support, support point, span

S_T

Support skid gap

stat

static

Safety wind

Sheet metal thickness

Time

Temperature

T₀

Nominal / construction temperature

TFK

Beam fabrication coordinate system

Support skid

T_l

Temperature of the left-hand edge of the loadbearing cross-section

Levitation magnet

TMT

A "levitation magnet half" (= partial magnet) assigned to a levitation

control circuit

T_o

Object temperature at the upper chord

Trigonometrical survey point

T_r

Temperature of the right-hand edge of the loadbearing cross-section

TRS

Traction regulation and control

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 17

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Abbreviation

Definition

T_u

Object temperature at the lower chord

TVE

Transrapid Versuchsanlage Emsland (Transrapid Test Facility)

t_ZM

Hover clearance (nominal dimension distance stator plane to slide plane)

bottom

URS

Converter regulation and control

USV

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

Substation

Speed

Vertical

Offset

Transfer force (at bearers)

VDE

Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker (German Association for Electri-

cal, Electronic & Information Technologies)

VDI

Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (German Institute of Engineers

v_e

Design speed

v_Einsatz

Working speed of the on-board energy supply

v_Fzg

Vehicle speed

v_Grenz

Vehicle speed limit

v_max

Location-dependent maximum speed for the maximum running profile

Vor

Preload

v_W

Wind speed

Deflection

Trough

Wind

Car body

WLZ

Wind load zone

WSB

Eddy-current brake

WSE

Material fatigue

WSV

Alternating step method

W_y

Guideway track width (distance between lateral guide rails)

W_z

Nominal hover clearance of guideway between top of slide plane and

bottom of stator pack

Designation for the longitudinal axis of the MKS (= determining straight

line) through P₀

X₀

Addend for the zero offset in X direction in the MKS

x_2E

Distance of levitation frame 2 end section to section coupling

x_i

x-value at point "i"(i=1→n)

x_iE

Distance of the z-setdown spring i from the section coupling

x_NiE

Distance of the z-setdown spring i from the car body pitch pivot point

x_sE

x-distance from centre of gravity end section to section coupling

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 18

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Abbreviation

Definition

x_si

Distance from resulting force application point air suspension circuit i to

section coupling

x_SWE

Distance from side wind force end section to section coupling

x_ZFi

Distance from y-auxiliary spring i to section coupling

Designation for the transverse axis of the MKS

(perpendicular to X)

Vehicle track width

Y₀

Addend for the zero offset in Y direction in the MKS

Y₀

Vehicle nominal track width with non excited guide magnets (vehicle

set down)

y_i

y-value at point "i"(i=1→n)

y_K

y-offset of the section coupling

y_Lw,Ist

y-actual-value for the longwave deviation

y_Lw,max

Permissible maximum y-value for the longwave deviation

y_p

y-coordinate car body oscillation force application point

y_piE

y-displacement pendulum i end section

y_sWK

y-centre of gravity coordinates car body

Hover clearance between bottom of support skid and top of levitation

magnet

Z₀

Hover clearance: nominal dimension

(Hover clearance vehicle: Distance between the bottom of the support

skid and the top of the levitation magnet based on nominal load on the

levitation magnet with the vehicle hovering)

z_C

z-coordinate pivot point, car body axial rotation

Load case designation for permissible vehicle weight

z_i

z-value at point "i"(i=1 to n)

z_i,Ist

z-value in actual position at point "i"

Z_Ist

Hover clearance: existing z-actual-value

z_K

z-offset of the section coupling

z_piE

z-displacement pendulum i end section

z_sE

z-distance from centre of gravity end section to section coupling

Z_Soll

Hover clearance: planned nominal value

z_sWK

z-centre-of-gravity coordinate car body

Gusset solution

ZWK

Constraining force

ÜA

Beginning of clothoid

ÜE

End of clothoid

å_o

Omnidirectional jolt

å_{o max}

Maximum permissible omnidirectional jolt

å_x

Linear jolt

å_y

Lateral jolt

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 19

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Definitions

Term

Definition

Acceleration deficit (downhill force)

Unbalanced lateral acceleration which on a trans-

versely inclined guideway acts towards the down-

angled surface of the guideway (inside of the bend).

Acceleration surplus

Unbalanced lateral acceleration which on a trans-

versely inclined guideway acts towards the outside of

the bend, towards the up-angled surface of the

guideway.

Actual running profile

Location-dependent speed profile that sets in accord-

ing to the input of the nominal running profile de-

pending on the given constraints (e.g. the available

power).

Alignment-accompanying height da-

Height datum points as a basis for the construction-

tum point field

accompanying survey work in the elevation compo-

nent (Z) of the maglev coordinate system.

Alignment-accompanying position

Position datum points as a basis for the construction-

datum point field

accompanying survey work in the ground plan com-

ponent (X,Y) of the maglev coordinate system.

A-loads

Loads from normal operation for fatigue strength

calculations.

Alternating step method

Stator section changeover method with two right-

hand and two left-hand motor systems with recipro-

cally offset stator sections. Within a motor system,

the changeover is currentless, usually causing a dip in

thrust.

Aptitude

Aptitude denotes the fulfilment of psychological and

cognitive requirements for a person to perform a de-

fined activity.

Automatic braking

Braking manoeuvre automatically initiated by the

operation control system to the stopping place cur-

rently defined by the OCS.

Automatic mode

Operating mode in which the protection of train op-

erations is completely technical and the control is

automatic.

Automatic stop

Stop by a train at a stopping place after initiation and

execution of automatic braking to that place.

Automatic stop service station

Stop by a train at a service station after initiation and

execution of automatic braking to that place.

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 21

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Term

Definition

Availability

The ability of a product to be in a state in which it

can fulfil a required function under given conditions

at a given time or during a given period or provided

that the required external aids are made available (as

per /EN 50126/).

Azimuth

Angle which at a point P forms a random surface

curve with the meridian through P. In the ellipsoidal

azimuth, the lines run on the surface of the selected

ellipsoid of revolution.

Bending point

Track-switching device that uses elastic deformation

of the guideway superstructure (multiple-bay beam)

to facilitate the switch to other tracks while comply-

ing with the geometrical inputs.

Brake acceleration

Acceleration component which brings about the re-

tardation of the vehicle in the longitudinal direction

of the guideway centreline and parallel to the guide-

way surface, sign (-).

Buffer time

Addition to the minimum signal headway that must

be allowed for when designing the schedule so as to

minimise the delay carryover in case of irregularities.

Building coordinate system

A system of coordinates (X,Y,Z) used for the three-

dimensional design, alignment and monitoring of

engineering structures.

Building horizon

Mean elevation to which the ground plan components

of the maglev system of coordinates (X,Y) are re-

duced.

Calibration guideway

Section of the maintenance guideway with height-

ened requirements for the positional accuracy of the

functional planes for commissioning the MSB vehi-

cle or individual modules.

Cantilever arm

Lateral sections of the guideway superstructures

which support the long stator, the lateral guide rails

and the slide rails.

Car body

The car body encompasses all loadbearing parts in

the primary power stream above the magnetic

drivetrain. It includes all components which are at-

tached to these parts and which directly contribute to

its strength, rigidity and stability.

Cartesian coordinates

Coordinates which determine points in space, ex-

pressed by values (x, y, z) on axes that are perpen-

dicular to each other.

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 22

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Term

Definition

Chainage

Continuous true-to-length dimensioning (kilometre

marking) of the guideway or line axis, either in

ground plan or in three-dimensional space according

to requirements.

Cleaning

Cleaning tasks and measures which according to Sec-

tion 3 /MdBO/ support safe and proper operation or

which, as a marketing instrument, assist the positive

overall image of the MSB.

Clearance gauge

Contour line in a section plane normal to the guide-

way axis - or in the case of dual-track guideways

normal to the line axis - which defines the space that

must be kept clear of obstructions and which rotates

with the transverse inclination of the guideway about

the three-dimensional curve. Dedicated system struc-

tures may be present up to the "limiting line for fixed

internals".

Clothoid

Transitional bend with a linearly increasing or dimin-

ishing curvature.

Collision

Collision between vehicles or between vehicles and

other objects.

Conformal projection

A map projection which is a conformal mapping, i.e.

one for which local (infinitesimal) angles on a sphere

are mapped to the same angles in the projection.

Used for example in the cylindrical projections ac-

cording to Gauß-Krüger or in the Universal Trans-

verse Mercator Grid System (UTM).

Connection guideway

Distance between the danger point and the destina-

tion point of a stopping place (both relative to the

front of the train).

Constraint

Point strictly specified locally or by planning that

must be allowed for in the detailed alignment.

Converter

Device for generating a traction current for a motor

system.

Converter regulation/control

Part of the drive regulation/control system for regu-

lating and controlling the converter.

Criterion of inclination change

Angle deviation of two adjacent 1 m long functional-

plane elements in y and z direction.

Cross-over

Device which uses bending points to facilitate the

switch from one track to another parallel track with-

out interrupting the journey.

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 23

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Term

Definition

Current stopping place

Stopping place which the MSB vehicle can currently

reach. This stopping place is approached in case of an

automatic stop. Within the running profile monitor-

ing system, there is always exactly one current stop-

ping place for the MSB vehicle.

Danger point

Nadir of the safe braking profile, marks (in the direc-

tion of travel) the end of a stopping place.

Delay

Train arrival or departure at a station that is late com-

pared with the timetable, above a project-specifically

defined threshold.

Design speed

Speed stipulated for each track section at the start of

the planning of the track alignment which adheres to

the comfort parameters. The value is a constant over

a definable track section. (Note: The actual speeds

and running profiles in a project are the result of the

alignment based on the draft design and on the sys-

tem limits and system parameters.)

Diagnosis

The collection, storage and evaluation of information

about the operational status and functional capability

of a system to support operation or maintenance.

Diagnostic system

Facility for monitoring certain variables and process

states for deviations from the desired nominal state.

Drive

Subsystem that provides the traction power for MSB

vehicles.

Drive acceleration (ax)

Acceleration component which brings about the drive

of the vehicle, in the longitudinal direction of the

guideway centreline and parallel to the guideway

surface, sign (+).

Drive block

Part of the drive in the substation for transforming

the traction energy for a vehicle.

Drive circuit

Line-side drive components of a drive sector.

Drive control system

Collective term for the regulating and control devices

of the drive sector.

Drive sector

A section of the line in which a maximum of one

vehicle can be driven.

Drive unit

Components of the drive sector for operating a vehi-

cle, consisting of one or two drive blocks and the

drive circuit of the drive sectors.

Element

Depending on the subject matter, the unit on the low-

est level of consideration regarded as indivisible (as

per /DIN 40150/).

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 24

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Term

Definition

Elevated guideway

Sections of guideway at a guideway height of 3.5 m

< H ≤ 20 m (H > 20 m in special cases) are referred

to as elevated.

Elevation reference surface

Equipotential surface as a reference for elevations.

Empirical value

Value assessed conservatively based on measure-

ments on the existing MSB system. Must be re-

viewed project-specifically.

Energy supply

Subsystem for providing the energy for the complete

system.

Entrepreneur

Railways are public utilities or private enterprises

(according to AEG/)

which provide rail traffic services (rail traffic compa-

nies) or which operate a railway infrastructure (rail-

way infrastructure companies). Rail traffic services

are the carriage of persons or goods on a railway in-

frastructure. Rail traffic companies must be able to

ensure train traction.

Environment

Totality of all influences to which a system, subsys-

tem or component is actually exposed or could be

exposed during manufacture, storage, transport, inte-

gration and use.

Equipment

Functional, physical item (as per /DIN 50129/).

Equipotential surface

Surface of constant gravity potential.

Evacuation stopping place

Defined section of line to allow the stopping of trains

in emergencies, provided with facilities for the rapid

and easy evacuation of persons from the vehicle onto

an alighting platform.

External on-board energy infeed

Stationary items of equipment for the energy supply

of vehicles that are assigned to the Drive and Energy

Supply subsystem. They do not include the transmis-

sion components on the guideway and in the vehicle.

External on-board energy supply

All electrical items of equipment for the supply of the

MSB vehicles with electrical energy.

Fail-safe

Concept incorporated in the design of a product to

ensure that, if it fails, it will enter or maintain a safe

state (as per /EN 50129/).

Fault-tree analysis

An analytical method for determining which failure

types of the product, of the sub-product or external

events or combinations of these can lead to an agreed

failure type of the product; the analysis being repre-

sented in the form of a fault tree (as per /EN 50126/).

Fitness

Fitness refers to the fulfilment of the physical re-

quirements to perform a defined activity by a person.

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 25

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Term

Definition

Free (unbalanced) lateral acceleration

Acceleration surplus (acts towards the outside of a

bend: a_y= positive),

Acceleration deficit (acts towards the inside of a

bend: a_y= negative).

Free bearing

Bearing of a geodesic grid (1, 2 or 3-dimensional) on

approximate coordinates while minimising the re-

maining gaps. Deformation of the grid by connection

constraints is avoided in this way.

Function

Type of action or activity by which a product fulfils

its intended purpose (as per /EN 50129/).

Functional plane

System-characterising reference planes for the levita-

tion/guidance functions of the vehicle

Functional unit

Item that is delineated according to task or action.

Derived terms as a function of the consideration cri-

teria are:

•

Constructional unit

•

Operational unit

•

Maintenance unit

(as per /DIN 40150/)

Geoid

A shape of the Earth described by an equipotential

surface of the Earth's gravitational field (normal to

the force of gravity) level with mean seal level no-

tionally continued under the continents.

Global Positioning System

Satellite-assisted method for absolute or relative posi-

tioning.

Gradient

Course of the three-dimensional curve of the guide-

way in longitudinal section.

Grid North

The direction of the gridlines running parallel with

the main meridian of the geodetic system of coordi-

nates.

Guide value

Value which, if necessary together with other guide

values, is according to practice capable of fulfilling

the requirements.

Guideway

Track structure which absorbs all forces resulting

from the vehicles and the environment and transmits

them to the subsoil, and which contains or carries the

modules that are necessary for vehicle hovering (levi-

tation, guidance, drive and brakes).

Guideway axis

The centreline between the slide planes of the guide-

way. It is equivalent to the three-dimensional curve.

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 26

per

High-speed Maglev System

Maglev Technical

Committee

Design Principles

Complete System

Term

Definition

Guideway beam

Discretely borne support system with a beam-type

supporting action; it is usual to use single and dual

bay beams for standard guideway and multi-bay

beams for track-switching equipment.

Guideway bearer

Collective term for all elements/modules such as

guideway beam bearer, supports etc.

Guideway construction methods

Definition of the guideway depending on the materi-

als used for the guideway superstructures (e.g. steel

construction, concrete construction, hybrid construc-

tion)

Guideway designs

Manufacturer-specific execution of a guideway con-

struction method.

Guideway elements

Collective term for all components and modules of

the guideway.

Guideway equipment

MSB-specific and design specific mod-

ules/components of the guideway.

Guideway plates

Special type of guideway beam; support system with

a two-dimensional or plate-like supporting action due

to its short length (or span) relative to its width.

Guideway speed limit

Location-dependent profile of the maximum permis-

sible speed of an aligned route, derived from the

maximum effects applied in the guideway design due

to non-frequent or exceptional design situations.

Guideway substructures

Foundation, supports and similar components that

transmit the forces from the guideway superstructures

and the environment to the subsoil.

Guideway superstructures

Guideway beam and guideway plates (including the

guideway equipment) which absorb the effects from

the vehicles and the environment and transmit them

to the guideway substructures.

Guideway surface

Surface passing through the slide plane, contains the

three-dimensional curve.

Guideway types

Definition of the guideway superstructures as a func-

tion of the span; a distinction is made between stan-

dard guideway superstructures (standard guideway

beam Type I and Type II, standard guideway plates

Type III) and special guideway superstructures (spe-

cial guideway beams, special guideway plates).

Head Injury Criterion

Measure for the risk of a head injury in a vehicle col-

lision (as per /HIC/).

Note: With a value of less than 1,000 it can be as-

sumed that there will be no severe head injuries.

Title

High-speed Maglev System Design Principles

Complete System, Annex 1 Abbreviations and Definitions

Doc.No.:

67536

Version White pa-

Issue date

15.02.2007

Page 27

per

Design Principles High-speed Maglev System. Information (MSB, 2007) - page 2