2023 API PUBLICATIONS CATALOG

Refining

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RP 941

experience, of why some reformer furnaces have had problems with

Steels for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures

embrittlement and cracking of outlet pigtails and manifold components in

service, while others have not had such problems. Pages: 53

in Petroleum Refineries and Petrochemical Plants

(includes Errata 1 dated June 2016, Errata 2 dated December 2017, and

1st Edition | June 2014 | Product Number: C942A01 | Price: $152.00

Addendum 1 dated August 2020)

TR 942-B

Summarizes the results of experimental tests and actual data acquired from

Material, Fabrication, and Repair Considerations for Austenitic Alloys

operating plants to establish practical operating limits for carbon and low

alloy steels in hydrogen service at elevated temperatures and pressures. The

Subject to Embrittlement and Cracking in High Temperature 565 °C

effects on the resistance of steels to hydrogen at elevated temperature and

to 760 °C (1050 °F to 1400 °F) Refinery Services

pressure that result from high stress, heat treating, chemical composition,

Focuses on the materials, fabrication, and repair of austenitic stainless

and cladding are discussed. This recommended practice (RP) does not

steels and nickel-iron-chromium alloys in high temperature 565 ºC to

address the resistance of steels to hydrogen at lower temperatures [below

760 ºC (1050 ºF to 1400 ºF) refinery services. Many of these alloys are

about 400 °F (204 °C)], where atomic hydrogen enters the steel as a result

subject to embrittlement and cracking after prolonged exposure to these

of an electrochemical mechanism.

temperatures. Susceptible equipment in the following processing units are

This RP applies to equipment in refineries, petrochemical facilities, and

addressed: fluid catalytic cracking units, hydrogen/syngas plants, catalytic

chemical facilities in which hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fluids are

reformers, cokers, and hydroprocessing units. This report summarizes

processed at elevated temperature and pressure. The guidelines in this RP

industry experience and recommends methods to improve reliability and

can also be applied to hydrogenation plants such as those that manufacture

process safety, and increases industry awareness to high temperature

ammonia, methanol, edible oils, and higher alcohols.

embrittlement issues.

The steels discussed in this RP resist high temperature hydrogen attack

As a basis of this report, technical literature, industry experience, and published

(HTHA) when operated within the guidelines given. However, they may not be

case studies were reviewed. The review included materials of construction,

resistant to other corrosives present in a process stream or to other

damage mechanisms, and component-specific fabrication and repair issues.

metallurgical damage mechanisms that can occur in the operating HTHA

range. This RP also does not address the issues surrounding possible

The scope of this report includes the following wrought austenitic alloys:

damage from rapid cooling of the metal after it has been in high temperature,

Alloys 800, 800H, 800HT, and 300 series austenitic stainless steels, and

high pressure hydrogen service (e.g. possible need for outgassing

corresponding welding consumables. Limits in chemical composition,

hydroprocessing reactors). This RP will discuss in detail only the resistance of

microstructural requirements, and heat treating practices that mitigate

steels to HTHA.

susceptibility to embrittlement and cracking are identified. Potentially viable

Presented in this document are curves that indicate the operating limits of

upgrades to commonly used alloys are identified where applicable.

temperature and hydrogen partial pressure for satisfactory resistance of

The remainder of this report is organized as follows: Section 3, Process Units,

carbon steel and Cr-Mo steels to HTHA in elevated temperature, hydrogen

gives a brief process overview followed by an explanation of the various

service. In addition, it includes a summary of inspection methods to evaluate

damage mechanisms found in that unit. Component specific considerations

equipment for the existence of HTHA. Pages: 45

and examples of in-service damage are also included. Inspection

8th Edition | February 2016 | Product Number: C94108 | Price: $152.00

recommendations and general repair method considerations are also

included. Section 4, Damage Mechanisms, contains detailed discussions of

high-temperature damage mechanisms, including fundamental details of the

TR 941-A

solid state reactions, their rate of reaction, and recommended mitigation

The Technical Basis Document for API RP 941

measures. Section 4 also incorporates fabrication and repair practices that

(includes Addendum 1 dated June 2019)

can be used for cracked or embrittled equipment. Pages: 88

Even before the first edition of API Publ 941, Steels for Hydrogen Service at

1st Edition | May 2017 | Effective Date: November 1, 2017

Elevated Temperatures and Pressures in Petroleum Refineries and

Product Number: C942B01 | Price: $187.00

Petrochemical Plants appeared in 1970, there had been fundamental

questions regarding the technical basis for the material performance curves

contained in the document (1-6). Based upon sparse laboratory data

RP 945 

combined with plant experience, with only a few exceptions, the curves have

Avoiding Environmental Cracking in Amine Units

done an exceptionally good job at safely directing the refining industry in

selecting materials based upon operating temperature, hydrogen partial

Discusses environmental cracking problems of carbon steel equipment in

pressure, and the metallurgy of the equipment being considered. Pages: 301

amine units. This publication provides guidelines for carbon steel

construction materials, including, fabrication, inspection, and repair, to help

1st Edition | September 2008 | Product Number: C09410 | Price: $215.00

assure safe and reliable operation. The steels referred to in this document

are defined by the ASTM designation system, or equivalent materials

TR 942-A

contained in other recognized codes or standards. This document is based

Materials, Fabrication, and Repair Considerations for Hydrogen

on current engineering practices and insights from recent industry

Reformer Furnace Outlet Pigtails and Manifolds

experience. Pages: 46

Addresses materials, fabrication, and repair issues related to hydrogen and

4th Edition | September 2022 | Product Number: C94504 | Price: $110.00

syngas reformer furnace outlet pigtails and manifolds. High reliability of

outlet pigtails and manifold components, such as headers, tees, and fittings,

Publ 959

is important to the successful long-term operation of hydrogen and syngas

Characterization Study of Temper Embrittlement of Chromium-

reformer furnaces. These components typically operate at high temperatures

in the range of 750 to 950 °C (1382 to 1742 °F) where they are potentially

Molybdenum Steels

subject to high-temperature creep, stress relaxation, hot corrosion, and

Evaluates the temper embrittlement characteristics of Cr-Mo pressure vessel

thermal fatigue damage. In recent years a number of reformer furnace

steels. The steels are designated A387 in Part 4 of the ASTM Book of

operators have encountered problems of in-service degradation and

Standards. Most of the samples studied were of Grade 22 (2-¹/4-1Mo) and a

cracking of outlet pigtails and manifold components, while others have had

few samples of Grades 11 and 21 were also included, (1-¹/4Cr-¹/2Mo, 3Cr-

little or no problems of this type. Both direct experience in addressing

1Mo). The 64 samples studied represented a wide range of commercially

specific cases of outlet pigtail and manifold cracking problems and indirect

available steel, including qualification welds in 1-in. and 6-in. steel plate, large

experience gained from surveying industry with regard to these problems

nozzle cut-outs, and randomly-shaped pieces of forging material. These

were used in preparing this report. The objective of the project was to

materials received heat treatment typical of hydro-treater reactor fabrication.

develop an understanding, based on published literature and industry

118

 This publication is a new entry in this catalog.

 This publication is related to an API licensing, certification, or accreditation program.

Refining

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The objective of this program was to characterize typical commercial reactor

TR 977

steels and weldments in terms of toughness and other physical properties

ASTM C704 Test Variability Reduced to Allow Further Optimization of

prior to being placed in service and the changes anticipated in toughness

Erosion-Resistant Refractories for Critical Oil Refining Applications

due to long-time service at elevated temperatures.

It is important to note that the materials studied were typical of commercial

Documents the results of a joint project conducted by the API CRE

production and fabrication up to about 1975 and are not representative of

Subcommittee on Refractory Materials and the ASTM C08 Committee to

plate, forgings, and weld metal having low temper embrittlement

improve the reproducibility of the 2015 edition of ASTM C704/C704M,

susceptibility, generally available after 1975. Pages: 145

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at

Room Temperature. Erosion-resistant refractories are used in many oil

1st Edition | January 1982 | Product Number: C95900 | Price: $171.00

refining applications, such as Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units (FCCUs), to resist

the wearing effects of solids particles circulating at elevated velocities in a

RP 970

high-temperature process environment. This technical report also reviews the

Corrosion Control Documents

drivers for continuing improvement in erosion-resistant refractories and the

role of ASTM C704/C704M for the selection and installation quality control

Provides users with the basic elements for developing, implementing and

of refractories used in these installations. This report documents changes

maintaining a Corrosion Control Document (CCD) for refining, and at the

made to the setup and procedures to improve the reproducibility of the test.

owner's discretion, may be applied at petrochemical and chemical process

These changes are designed to achieve this end, while providing a rough

facilities. A CCD is a document or other repository or system that contains all

equivalency consistent with historical data before the changes were made.

the necessary information to understand materials damage susceptibility

These results are validated by the results of extensive international round-

issues in a specific type of operating process unit at a plant site.

robin and ruggedness testing, and are reported herein. Pages: 27

CCDs are a valuable addition to an effective Mechanical Integrity Program.

1st Edition | February 2018 | Product Number: C97701 | Price: $120.00

They help to identify the damage mechanism susceptibilities of pressure

containing piping and equipment, factors that influence damage mechanism

TR 978

susceptibilities, and recommended actions to mitigate the risk of loss of

Monolithic Refractories: Manufacture, Properties, and Selection

containment or unplanned outages.

Covers the installation and dryout of monolithic refractory lining materials for

This recommended practice serves as the basis for tracking CCD

Hydrocarbon Processing Industry (HPI) applications. It discusses the best

development, implementation, and maintenance to maintain consistency

practice procedures and techniques used in the installation of refractory

and to integrate the CCD work process with other plant integrity programs,

concrete, as well as those for air and heat setting plastics and ramming

such as Management of Change (MOC), Process Hazards Analysis (PHA),

mixes. In addition, it addresses the need for curing and dryout procedures to

and Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM). Some of these programs have

achieve successful results. This instruction is consistent with API 936, which

significant overlap with the development of CCDs, including Risk-Based

is the HPI industry standard for the installation quality control of monolithic

Inspection studies (see RP 580 and RP 581), Integrity Operating Windows

refractories. Pages: 82

(see RP 584), in-house unit corrosion reviews, circuitization/systemization

programs, and similar types of corrosion studies. Development of CCDs can

1st Edition | March 2019 | Product Number: C97801 | Price: $115.00

serve as a useful starting point for establishing these programs if they have

not been undertaken.

TR 979

This recommended practice provides the owner/user with information and

Applications of Refractory Lining Materials

guidance on the work processes for development and implementation of

Covers the use of refractory concrete (castables), plastics, and ramming

CCDs for the owners’/users’ process units. Pages: 59

mixes for applications for the hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI). Its

1st Edition | December 2017 | Product Number: C97001 | Price: $202.00

content is complemented by the two other reports in this series:

API TR 978, Monolithic Refractories: Manufacture, Properties and

Std 975

Selection;

Refractory Installation Quality Control-Inspection and Testing of

API TR 980, Monolithic Refractories: Installation and Dryout.

Refractory Brick Systems and Materials

These technical reports update and add to the original reports written by

Committee 547 of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) in 1979 and 1989.

Provides installation quality control (QC) procedures for aluminum silicate

These are ACI 547.R-79, State-of-the Art Report: Refractory Concrete, and

dense and insulating fire brick refractory systems and may be used to

ACI 547.1R-89, State-of-the Art Report: Refractory Plastics and Ramming

supplement owner specifications. Materials, equipment, and personnel are

Mixes. TR 979 focuses specifically on the information on the applications of

qualified by the methods described, and applied refractory quality is closely

refractories contained in ACI 547.R-79 and ACI 547.1R-89.

monitored, based on defined procedures and acceptance criteria. The

The original content of these reports was focused primarily on steel- and

responsibilities of inspection personnel who monitor and direct the QC

glass-making applications, which represent the largest refractory markets.

process are also defined. Pages: 40

API, in tailoring the revision of this content to the HPI, has greatly expanded

1st Edition | November 2021 | Product Number: C97501 | Price: $94.00

the text pertaining to the specialized oil-refining and petrochemical-

processing applications. At the same time, API has retained and updated

Std 976

the information covering applications outside of the HPI (see Section 5)

Refractory Installation Quality Control-Inspection and Testing of

because of the similarities and applicability that this information has for

refractory professionals in these other industries. Pages: 63

AES/RCF Fiber Linings and Materials

1st Edition | October 2018 | Product Number: C97901 | Price: $135.00

Provides installation quality control procedures and lining system design

requirements for AES/RCF fiber linings and may be used to supplement

owner specifications. Materials, equipment, and personnel are qualified by

the methods described, and applied refractory quality is closely monitored,

based on defined procedures and acceptance criteria. The responsibilities of

inspection personnel who monitor and direct the quality control process are

also defined. The lining described in this standard is for internal refractory

linings on the process side of the equipment. External insulation and

jacketing are not covered in this standard. Pages: 34

1st Edition | March 2018 | Product Number: C97601 | Price: $131.00

 This publication is a new entry in this catalog.

 This publication is related to an API licensing, certification, or accreditation program.

119

Refining

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TR 980

Publ 4261

Monolithic Refractories: Installation and Dryout

Alcohols and Ethers: A Technical Assessment of Their Application as

Covers the installation and dryout of monolithic refractory lining materials for

Fuels and Fuel Components

hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) applications. It discusses the best

Summarizes information from the technical literature on producing and

practice procedures and techniques used in the installation of refractory

applying alcohols and ethers as fuels and fuel components for the

concrete, as well as those for air-and heat-setting plastics and ramming

transportation sector. It assesses the technical advantages and

mixes. In addition, it discusses the need for curing and dryout and

disadvantages of alcohols and ethers with respect to hydrocarbon fuels.

procedures to achieve successful results. This instruction is consistent with

Since the amendment of the Clean Air Act in 1977, and subsequently in

Std 936, which is the HPI industry standard for the installation quality

1990, public interest in the role of oxygenates in transportation has

control of monolithic refractories. It also serves as the body of knowledge

significantly increased. This edition of Publ 4261 has been updated and

document for the API 936 Refractory Personnel Certification Program. This

expanded to include a review of the oxygenate regulations and the technical

report is the last in a series of three API reports covering the use of refractory

literature that has been published since 1988. It provides a technical

concrete (castables), plastics, and ramming mixes for applications for the

assessment suitable for policy discussions related to alcohols and ethers in

hydrocarbon processing industry. Its content is complemented by the two

transportation. Pages: 119

other reports in this series:

3rd Edition | June 2001 | Product Number: C42613 | Price: $176.00

API TR 978, Monolithic Refractories: Manufacture, Properties and

Selection, and

Publ 4262

API TR 979, Applications of Refractory Lining Materials. Pages: 66

Methanol Vehicle Emissions

1st Edition | April 2018 | Product Number: G98001 | Price: $157.00

December 1990 | Product Number: F42620 | Price: $136.00

TR 981

Thermal Expansion Under Load and Creep of Refractories-An

PROCESS SAFETY STANDARDS

Evaluation and Comparison of Testing Methods

RP 752

Documents the results of thermal expansion under load (TEUL) and creep in

compression testing conducted by ASTM C832 and DIN 993-9 (same test

Management of Hazards Associated with Location of Process Plant

as ISO 3187). The prime objective for this study is to determine if one or

Permanent Buildings

both tests should replace the ASTM C16 method. ASTM C16, modified from

Provides guidance for managing the risk from explosions, fires and toxic

1.5-hour to 100-hour hold, has been widely used to qualify brick for sulfur

material releases to on-site personnel located in new and existing buildings

reaction furnace use. In addition to deformation after 100 hours, the creep

intended for occupancy. This RP was developed for use at refineries,

tests will provide additional information of TEUL and evidence of

petrochemical and chemical operations, natural gas liquids extraction

mineralogical changes during their early life cycle in process operation.

plants, natural gas liquefaction plants, and other onshore facilities covered

Pages: 28

by the OSHA Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals,

1st Edition | March 2021 | Product Number: C98101 | Price: $88.00

29 CFR 1910.119.

Buildings covered by this RP are rigid structures intended for permanent use

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND PETROLEUM PRODUCT SURVEYS

in fixed locations. Tents, fabric enclosures and other soft-sided structures are

outside the scope of this document. This 3rd Edition of RP 752:2009

API/NPRA Survey

supersedes all previous editions, including the technical data provided in

Final Report: 1996 API/NPRA Survey of Refining Operations and

those documents.

Product Quality

Significant research and development of technology pertinent to building

siting evaluations has been performed since the publication of the previous

A survey of industry refining data for the period May 1 through August 31,

editions of RP 752. Examples of updated technology include prediction of

1996. The report includes information on domestically produced gasoline

blast damage to buildings, determination of occupant vulnerabilities, and

and diesel product quality as well as aggregate domestic refining capacity

estimates of event frequencies. Prior versions of RP 752 and the technical

and average operating data. Pages: 190

data included in them should not be used for building siting evaluations. The

1st Edition | July 1997 | Product Number: F10001 | Price: $67.00

2nd Edition of RP 752 covered all building types both permanent and

Aviation Turbines Fuels, 2001 | Price: $96.00

portable. This 3rd Edition of RP 752 does not cover portable buildings.

Heating Oils, 2002 | Price: $106.00

Portable buildings are now covered by RP 753. It is recognized, however, that

Motor Gasolines, Winter 2001-2002 | Price: $128.00

portable buildings specifically designed for significant blast load represent a

Motor Gasolines, Summer 2001 | Price: $128.00

potential area of overlap between RP 753 and RP 752. In accordance with

1.3 of this document:

Diesel Fuel Oils, 2002 | Price: $106.00

“Buildings described in API RP 753, Management of Hazards

Magnetic computer tapes of raw data are available upon request. Reports

Associated with Location of Process Plant Portable Buildings, First

from previous years are also available.

Edition, June 2007, as ‘portable buildings specifically designed to

Order these petroleum product surveys from:

resist significant blast loads’ and intended for permanent use in a fixed

TRW Petroleum Technologies

location are covered in this document (API RP 752). All other portable

P.O. Box 2543 | Bartlesville, OK 74005

buildings are covered by API RP 753.” Pages: 27

Attn: Cheryl Dickenson

3rd Edition | December 2009 | Reaffirmed: August 2020

918-338-4419

Product Number: K75203 | Price: $153.00

120

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Refining

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RP 753

safety-sensitive decisions. On-site contractors involved in process safety-

Management of Hazards Associated with Location of Process Plant

sensitive actions shall have fatigue risk management systems equivalent to

the criteria outlined in this document. Pages: 17

Portable Buildings

2nd Edition | May 2019 | Product Number: K75502 | Price: $145.00

Provides guidance for reducing the risk to personnel located in portable

buildings from potential explosion, fire and toxic release hazards. While

TR 755-1

occupied permanent buildings (e.g. control rooms, operator shelters)

Technical Support Document for ANSI/API RP 755, Fatigue Risk

located near covered process area are typically constructed to be blast and

fire resistant, conventional portable buildings (i.e. light wood trailers) are

Management Systems for Personnel in the Refining and

typically not constructed to be blast and fire resistant. Past explosion

Petrochemical Industries

accidents have demonstrated that occupants of conventional portable

Identifies and explains the scientific and operational issues considered

buildings are susceptible to injuries from structural failures, building

during the preparation of RP 755. By providing the reasoning behind the

collapse, and building debris and projectiles.

specific wording in the RP 755 document, this document supports each key

statement in RP 755 in sequence so that it can be used in parallel with the

Guidance is provided based on the following principles.

RP 755 text. To make this document accessible and manageable, key

Locate personnel away from covered process areas consistent with safe

scientific sources and references are provided to help readers gain access to

and effective operations.

the scientific literature.

Minimize the use of occupied portable buildings in close proximity to

Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS) have emerged and been widely

covered process areas.

recognized as a more effective approach to managing and mitigating

Manage the occupancy of portable building especially during periods of

employee fatigue risk in the 24/7 workplace. The core feature of the FRMS is

increased risk including unit start up or planned shut-down operations.

that it is a data-driven, risk-informed, safety performance-based system. The

FRMS implementation process first identifies all sources of fatigue risk in the

Design, construct, install, and maintain occupied portable buildings to

business operation, then introduces mitigating policies, technologies, and

protect occupants against potential hazards.

procedures to reduce the risk, and most importantly then maintains them in

Manage the use of portable buildings as an integral part of the design,

a proactively managed continuous improvement system. The history of FRMS

construction, and maintenance operation of a facility. Pages: 22

was recently summarized.

1st Edition | June 2007 | Reaffirmed: August 2020

This method represents a significant step change from the traditional

Product Number: K75301 | Price: $153.00

approaches of either relying on maximum limits to hours of work or minimum

limits to hours of rest (variously called Hours of Service, Work-Rest Rules,

Working Time Directives), or adopting intermittent or piece-meal solutions

RP 754

(e.g. a fatigue training program or a shift schedule redesign), depending on

Process Safety Performance Indicators for the Refining and

the interests and initiative of local site managers.

Petrochemical Industries

One essential feature of FRMS is that it is a system meant to be improved

(ANSI/API RP 754)

upon on a regular and continuous basis. It is not a set of guidelines

Identifies leading and lagging process safety indicators useful for driving

designed for one-time compliance but instead provides a framework that will

performance improvement. As a framework for measuring activity, status, or

evolve over time, driven by the collection of data on fatigue risk and fatigue

performance, this document classifies process safety indicators into four

outcomes (e.g. fatigue-related incidents). Pages: 49

tiers of leading and lagging indicators. Tiers 1 and 2 are suitable for

1st Edition | April 2010 | Product Number: K755101 | Price: $112.00

nationwide public reporting and Tiers 3 and 4 are intended for internal use

at individual facilities. Guidance on methods for development and use of

RP 756

performance indicators is also provided. This RP was developed for the

Management of Hazards Associated with Location of Process Plant

refining and petrochemical industries, but may also be applicable to other

industries with operating systems and processes where loss of containment

Tents

has the potential to cause harm. Applicability is not limited to those facilities

Provides guidance for managing the risk from explosions, fires and toxic

covered by the OSHA Process Safety Management Standard, 29 CFR

material releases to on-site personnel located in tents. The term “tent” is

1910.119, or similar national and international regulations. Pages: 134

used to describe a wide range of structures and is defined in §3.15. This RP

3rd Edition | August 2021 | Product Number: K75403 | Price: $182.00

was developed for use at refineries, petrochemical and chemical operations,

natural gas liquids extraction plants, natural gas liquefaction plants, and

RP 755

other onshore facilities covered by OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119.

Fatigue Risk Management Systems for Personnel in the Refining and

The focus of this RP is primarily on process related hazards. However, non-

process related hazards may exist which could present risks to tent

Petrochemical Industries

occupants. Previous accidents have demonstrated that tent occupants are

(ANSI/API RP 755)

susceptible to injuries from fires originating inside the tent, from tent

Provides guidance to all stakeholders (e.g. employees, managers,

collapse due to extreme weather, and from falling objects. Some of these

supervisors) on understanding, recognizing, and managing employee fatigue

hazards are addressed by tent design standards, manufacturer’s

in the workplace. Should sites decide to use this document, the owners/

recommendations, and local regulations. Pages: 25

operators shall establish policies and procedures to meet the purpose of this

1st Edition| September 2014 | Reaffirmed: August 2020

recommended practice.

Product Number: C75601 | Price: $136.00

This document was developed for refineries, petrochemical and chemical

operations, natural gas liquefaction plants, and other facilities such as those

covered by the OSHA Process Safety Management Standard, 29 CFR

1910.119. This document is intended to apply to a workforce that is

commuting daily to a job location.

ANSI/API RP 755 applies to all employees working night shifts, rotating

shifts, extended hours/days, or call outs who are involved in process safety-

sensitive actions. It should also be considered for others making process

 This publication is a new entry in this catalog.

 This publication is related to an API licensing, certification, or accreditation program.

121

Refining

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TR 756-1

exclusively from wheeled vehicles (i.e. tank trucks or railroad tank cars); and

tanks covered by OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 and EPA 40 CFR 68, or similar

Process Plant Tent Responses to Vapor Cloud Explosions-Results of

regulations. Pages: 75

the American Petroleum Institute Tent Testing Program

5th Edition | September 2020

Beginning in 2011, the American Petroleum Institute (API) to performed

Product Number: K235005 | Price: $135.00

vapor cloud explosion (VCE) tests to determine the response of tents to the

potential explosion hazards that may be present at refineries, petrochemical

and chemical operations, natural gas and other onshore process facilities

HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, AND SAFETY: SOIL AND GROUNDWATER

covered by OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119. The testing was conducted to provide

data for use by the API committee developing RP 756. This publication, TR

Publ 422

756-1, contains information on the results of the API tent testing program.

Groundwater Protection Programs for Petroleum Refining and

Pages: 597

Storage Facilities: A Guidance Document

1st Edition|September 2014|Product Number: C756101|Price: $206.00

Reflects continuing industry action and commitment to positively address

groundwater protection by developing and implementing individual

HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, AND SAFETY: GENERAL

groundwater protection plans. Provides additional guidance to help

petroleum facilities identify the types of issues that may need to be

Cumulative Impact of Environmental Regulations on the U.S.

addressed in a groundwater protection plan. Intended to help refineries,

Petroleum Refining, Transportation and Marketing Industries

terminals associated with transportation pipelines, product distribution

terminals, and other downstream petroleum storage units develop

1st Edition | Product Number: C00015 | available at https://www.api.org

groundwater protection plans that are tailored to their individual

circumstances. Pages: 9

RP 751

1st Edition | October 1994 | Product Number: C42201 | Price: $71.00

Safe Operation of Hydrofluoric Acid Alkylation Units

Provides requirements (shall) and recommendations (should) for practices

Publ 800

and procedures related to safety, operations, design, inspection, and

Literature Survey: Subsurface and Groundwater Protection Related

maintenance to support the safe and reliable operation of hydrofluoric acid

(HF) alkylation units. Topics include hazard management; operating

to Petroleum Refinery Operations

procedures and worker protection; materials, construction, inspection, and

This report is the principal product of an API-sponsored project to prepare a

work practices; transportation and inventory control; pressure-relief, product

background basis for the development of further information on subsurface

treatment, and utility systems; and risk mitigation. This document contains

and groundwater protection at refineries. It contains an explanation of how

requirements and recommendations that have been found effective based

the literature survey was conducted; annotations for pertinent articles; a

on broad industry acceptance, proven effective industry practices, testing,

discussion of applicable federal statutes and regulations; and annotations

and regulatory requirements. Pages: 181

for pertinent regulatory programs under the 5 principal statutes that apply to

5th Edition | August 2021 | Product Number: K75105 | Price: $194.00

refinery operations. Pages: 145

1st Edition | September 1988 | Product Number: C80000 | Price: $100.00

Std 2350

Overfill Protection for Storage Tanks in Petroleum Facilities

SECURITY

(includes Errata 1 dated April 2021)

(ANSI/API Std 2350))

Std 780

Applies to storage tanks associated with marketing, refining, pipeline, and

Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and

terminals operations and with tanks containing Class I or Class II petroleum

Petrochemical Industries

liquids and use is recommended for Class III petroleum liquids. This

standard addresses overfill protection for petroleum storage tanks. It

Prepared by a Security Risk Assessment (SRA) Committee of the American

recognizes that prevention provides the most basic level of protection, thus

Petroleum Institute (API) to assist the petroleum and petrochemical

while using both terms “protection” and “prevention,” the document

industries in understanding security risk assessment and in conducting

emphasizes prevention. The standard's scope covers overfill (and damage)

SRAs. The standard describes the recommended approach for assessing

prevention practices for aboveground storage tanks in petroleum facilities,

security risk widely applicable to the types of facilities operated by the

including refineries, marketing terminals, bulk plants, and pipeline terminals

industry and the security issues the industry faces. The standard is intended

that receive flammable and combustible liquids. The fourth edition continues

for those responsible for conducting security risk assessments and

to build on experience and new technology through the use of management

managing security at these facilities. The method described in this standard

systems. Since operations are the primary overfill prevention safeguard, new

is widely applicable to a full spectrum of security issues from theft to insider

definitions and requirements are established for alarms. Risk reduction is

sabotage to terrorism. The API SRA Methodology was developed for the

also addressed by current and generally accepted industry practices.

petroleum and petrochemical industry, for a broad variety of both fixed and

The essential elements of this document are based on current industry safe

mobile applications. This recommended practice describes a single

operating practices and existing consensus standards. Federal, state, and

methodology, rather than a general framework for SRAs, but the

local regulations or laws may contain additional requirements for tank overfill

methodology is flexible and adaptable to the needs of the user. This

protection programs. For existing facilities, the results of a risk-based

methodology constitutes one approach for assessing security vulnerabilities

analysis of aboveground atmospheric petroleum storage tanks may indicate

at petroleum and petrochemical industry facilities. However, there are other

the need for more protection against overfilling. In such cases, some

risk assessment techniques and methods available to industry, all of which

provisions from this standard may be suitable.

share common risk assessment elements. Pages: 113

1st Edition | May 2013 | Reaffirmed: February 2022

The purpose of this standard is to assist owner/operators and operating

personnel in the prevention of tank overfills by implementation of a

Product Number: K78001 | Price: $206.00

comprehensive overfill prevention process (OPP). The goal is to receive

product into the intended storage tank without overfill or loss of containment.

This standard does not apply to: underground storage tanks; aboveground

tanks of 1320 U.S. gallons (5000 liters) or less; aboveground tanks which

comply with PEI 600; pressure vessels; tanks containing non-petroleum

liquids; tanks storing LPG and LNG; tanks at service stations; tanks filled

122

 This publication is a new entry in this catalog.

 This publication is related to an API licensing, certification, or accreditation program.

Refining

To purchase individual API standards, visit apiwebstore.org

RP 781

Facility Security Plan Methodology for the Oil and Natural Gas

Industries

Provides the framework to establish a secure workplace. The plan provides

an overview of the threats facing the facility and describes the security

measures and procedures designed to mitigate risk and protect people,

assets, operations, and company reputation. This API standard was

prepared with guidance and direction from the API Security Committee, to

assist the petroleum and petrochemical industries in the preparation of a

Facility Security Plan (FSP). This standard specifies the requirements for

preparing an FSP as well as a discussion of the typical elements included in

an FSP.

This standard is intended to be flexible and adaptable to the needs of the

user. It is noted that the content of an FSP can vary depending on

circumstances such as facility size, location, and operations. This

methodology is one approach for preparing an FSP at petroleum and

petrochemical facilities. There are other security plan formats available for

the industry. It is the responsibility of the user to choose the format and

content of the FSP that best meets the needs of a specific facility. The format

and content of some FSPs should be dictated by government regulations for

covered facilities. This standard is not intended to supersede the

requirements of any regulated facility but may be used as a reference

document. Pages: 82

1st Edition | September 2016 | Product Number: K78101 | Price: $157.00

 This publication is a new entry in this catalog.

 This publication is related to an API licensing, certification, or accreditation program.

123

Safety and Fire Protection

If you have any questions or comments regarding API standards, please visit

RP 54

https://www.api.org/products-and-services/standards

Occupational Safety and Health for Oil and Gas Well Drilling and

Servicing Operations

UPSTREAM SAFETY STANDARDS

(includes Addendum 1 dated June 2021)

Recommends practices and procedures for promoting and maintaining safe

RP 49

and healthy working conditions for personnel in drilling and well servicing

Recommended Practice for Drilling and Well Servicing Operations

operations. These recommendations apply to rotary drilling rigs, well

Involving Hydrogen Sulfide

servicing rigs, and special services as they relate to operations on location. It

is intended that the applicable requirements and recommendations of some

Provides recommendations that apply to oil and gas well drilling and

sections of the standard be applied, as appropriate, to other sections. The

servicing operations involving hydrogen sulfide. These operations include well

recommendations are not intended to cover seismic drilling or water well

drilling, completion, servicing, workover, downhole maintenance, and plug

drilling operations. These recommendations do not apply to site preparation

and abandonment procedures conducted with hydrogen sulfide present in

and site remediation operations. Pages: 62

the fluids being handled. Coverage of this publication is applicable to

4th Edition | February 2019 | Product Number: G54004 | Price: $140.00

operations confined to the original wellbore or original total depth and

applies to the selection of materials for installation or use in the well and in

RP 55

the well drilling or servicing operation(s). The presence of hydrogen sulfide in

Recommended Practice for Oil and Gas Producing and Gas

these operations also presents the possibility of exposure to sulfur dioxide

Processing Plant Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide

from the combustion of hydrogen sulfide. Pages: 29

Covers recommendations for protection of employees and the public, as well

3rd Edition | May 2001 | Reaffirmed: January 2013

as conducting oil and gas producing and gas processing plant operations

Product Number: G49003 | Price: $96.00

where hydrogen sulfide is present in the fluids being produced. Pages: 40

2nd Edition | February 1995 | Reaffirmed: January 2013

RP 49 *

Product Number: G55002 | Price: $124.00

Recommended Practice for Drilling and Well Servicing Operations

Involving Hydrogen Sulfide-Kazakh

Std 65-2 

Kazakh translation of RP 49.

Isolating Potential Flow Zones During Well Construction

3rd Edition | May 2001 | Reaffirmed: January 2013

Contains best practices for zone isolation in wells to prevent annular

Product Number: G4903K | Price: $96.00

pressure and/or flow through or past pressure-containment barriers that are

installed and verified during well construction. Well construction practices

RP 49 *

that may affect barrier sealing performance are mentioned along with

Recommended Practice for Drilling and Well Servicing Operations

methods to help ensure positive effects or to minimize any negative ones.

The objectives of this guideline are two-fold. The first is to help prevent and/

Involving Hydrogen Sulfide-Russian

or control flows just prior to, during, and after primary cementing operations

Russian translation of RP 49.

to install or “set” casing and liner pipe strings in wells. The second objective

3rd Edition | May 2001 | Reaffirmed: January 2013

is to help prevent sustained casing pressure (SCP). The guidance from this

Product Number: G04903R | Price: $96.00

document covers recommendations for pressure-containment barrier design

and installation and well construction practices that affect the zone isolation

process to prevent or mitigate annular fluid flow or pressure. Pages: 83

RP 51R

Environmental Protection for Onshore Oil and Gas Production

2nd Edition | December 2010 | Reaffirmed: November 2016

Product Number: G65202 | Price: $141.00

Operations and Leases

You may download a PDF of this document from https://www.api.org/oil-and-

Provides environmentally sound practices, including reclamation guidelines,

natural-gas/wells-to-consumer/exploration-and-production/hydraulic-

for domestic onshore oil and gas production operations. It is intended to be

applicable to contractors as well as operators. Facilities within the scope of

fracturing/65-2-isolating-potential-flow-zones

this document include all production facilities, including produced water

handling facilities. Offshore and arctic areas are beyond the scope of this

RP 65-3

document. Operational coverage begins with the design and construction of

Wellbore Plugging and Abandonment

access roads and well locations and includes reclamation, abandonment,

Provides guidance for the design, placement, and verification of cement

and restoration operations. Gas compression for transmission purposes or

plugs in wells to be temporarily or permanently abandoned, as well as

production operations, such as gas lift, pressure maintenance, or enhanced

remediation and verification of annular barriers. Wells temporarily

oil recovery (EOR), is included. Annex A provides guidance for a company to

abandoned (suspended) are intended to be re-entered in the future. The

consider as a “good neighbor.” Pages: 35

placement of barriers may depend on whether the well is to be temporarily or

1st Edition | July 2009 | Reaffirmed: December 2015

permanently abandoned. Cement plug lengths are not considered in this

document. Pages: 52

Product Number: G51R01 | Price: $82.00

1st Edition | June 2021 | Product Number: G65301 | Price: $112.00

You may download a PDF of this document from https://www.api.org/oil-

and-natural-gas/wells-to-consumer/exploration-and-production/hydraulic-

fracturing/rp-51r-environmental-protection

*These translated versions are provided for the convenience of our customers and are not officially endorsed by API. The translated versions shall neither replace nor supersede

the English-language versions, which remain the official standards. API shall not be responsible for any discrepancies or interpretations of these translations. Translations may not

include any addenda or errata to the document. Please check the English-language versions for any updates to the documents.

 This publication is a new entry in this catalog.

 This publication is related to an API licensing, certification, or accreditation program.

125

Safety and Fire Protection

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RP 67

RP 76

Recommended Practice for Oilfield Explosives Safety

Contractor Safety Management for Oil and Gas Drilling and

Applicable to chemical explosives used as an energy source to do work in

Production Operations

oil- and gas-producing operations, and more specifically to explosives

Intended to assist operators, contractors, and subcontractors (third parties)

intended for use inside a wellbore. The purpose of this recommended

in the implementation of a contractor safety program and improve the overall

practice (RP) is primarily to prevent the inadvertent initiation of these

safety performance while preserving the independent contractor relationship.

explosives at the wellsite but also includes some recommendations for safe

It is intended for the Upstream Segment of the petroleum industry; however,

and secure storage and transportation and handling, as well as

since the operator requirements and the contracted work are diverse, this

requirements for design and manufacture of selected equipment.

publication may not be applicable to all operations at each company or to

While some chemicals intended for various nonexplosive applications can

all contract work performed in those operations. Many oil and gas

prove explosive when misused (such as lithium batteries), it is not the intent

exploration and production companies contract for equipment and

of this RP to address these materials. Pages: 85

personnel services for a wide range of activities, including drilling production,

well servicing, equipment repair, maintenance, and construction. Certain

3rd Edition | October 2019 | Product Number: G06703 | Price: $121.00

activities of contractors have the potential to take place either contractor

and/or operator personnel and/or equipment at risk. It is important that

RP 74

operations are carried out in a safe manner. Operators and contractors need

Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Onshore Oil and

to provide safe work places and to protect the safety of their work places and

Gas Production Operation

to protect the safety of their workforces and the general public. When they

Recommends practices and procedures for promoting and maintaining safe

work together to improve safety, both benefit. Pages: 60

working conditions for personnel engaged in onshore oil and gas production

2nd Edition | November 2007 | Reaffirmed: January 2013

operations, including special services. Pages: 23

Product Number: G07602 | Price: $62.00

1st Edition | October 2001 | Reaffirmed: January 2013

Product Number: G74001 | Price: $67.00

MULTI-SEGMENT PUBLICATIONS

RP 75

Firefighting Foam Transition Guidance

Safety and Environmental Management System for Offshore

Provides the industry with suggestions and considerations for the transition

Operations and Assets

from C8 legacy fluorinated foams concentrates to another type of foam

Provides companies engaged in offshore operations with a framework for the

concentrate [such as C6 or synthetic fluorine-free foam (SFFF)]. For each

establishment, implementation, and maintenance of a Safety and

step of the MOC, a separate document is available that provides

Environmental Management System (SEMS) to manage and reduce risks

considerations and examples on how an entity may choose to execute the

associated with safety and the environment to prevent incidents and events.

transition. While it is ideal to have a drop-in foam concentrate replacement

This recommended practice applies, in part or whole, to companies engaged

with minimum changes in processes or practices to use during this

in offshore operations, from lease evaluation through decommissioning.

transition, the MOC process plans for any changes that must be accounted

This document is not intended to be prescriptive or limiting on the

for. Pages: 32

expectations of each SEMS element; rather, it allows flexibility appropriate to

October 2020 | To obtain a copy of this report, please visit

the size, scope, and risk of a Company's assets and operations. It is advised

https://www.api.org/-/media/Files/Oil-and-Natural-Gas/Refining/Fire-

that users of this document review and comply with applicable legal and

fighting-Foam-Transition-Guidance-October-2020.pdf

regulatory requirements, and conform with applicable industry codes and

standards.

RP 752

Consideration may be given to using this document to help systematically

Management of Hazards Associated with Location of Process Plant

manage other aspects of operations, such as security and health. Pages: 34

Permanent Buildings

4th Edition | December 2019 | Product Number: G07504 | Price: $110.00

Provides guidance for managing the risk from explosions, fires and toxic

material releases to on-site personnel located in new and existing buildings

Bull 75L

intended for occupancy. This RP was developed for use at refineries,

Guidance Document for the Development of a Safety and

petrochemical and chemical operations, natural gas liquids extraction

Environmental Management System for Onshore Oil and Natural

plants, natural gas liquefaction plants, and other onshore facilities covered

Gas Production Operations and Associated Activities

by the OSHA Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals,

Provides general information and guidance for the development of a safety

29 CFR 1910.119.

and environmental management system (SEMS) for onshore oil and natural

Buildings covered by this RP are rigid structures intended for permanent use

gas operations, including drilling, production, and well servicing activities.

in fixed locations. Tents, fabric enclosures and other soft-sided structures are

Although there is an extensive amount of information that has been

outside the scope of this document. This 3rd Edition of RP 752:2009

developed on the topic of safety and environmental management systems,

supersedes all previous editions, including the technical data provided in

this document focuses on this industry sector to help foster continuous

those documents.

improvement in our industry’s safety and environmental performance. It is

recognized that many onshore oil and natural gas companies have effective

Significant research and development of technology pertinent to building

SEMS in place; however, the intent of this document is to provide an

siting evaluations has been performed since the publication of the previous

additional tool that can assist these and especially other operators in taking

editions of RP 752. Examples of updated technology include prediction of

the next step toward implementing a complete system at a pace that

blast damage to buildings, determination of occupant vulnerabilities, and

complements their business plan. For those who already have a mature

estimates of event frequencies. Prior versions of RP 752 and the technical

SEMS in place, this document can be used for continuous improvement of

data included in them should not be used for building siting evaluations. The

the system. Pages: 12

2nd Edition of RP 752 covered all building types both permanent and

1st Edition | November 2007 | Product Number: G75L01 | Price: $37.00

portable. This 3rd Edition of RP 752 does not cover portable buildings.

Portable buildings are now covered by RP 753. It is recognized, however, that

126

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Safety and Fire Protection

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portable buildings specifically designed for significant blast load represent a

RP 755

potential area of overlap between RP 753 and RP 752. In accordance with

Fatigue Risk Management Systems for Personnel in the Refining and

1.3 of this document:

Petrochemical Industries

“Buildings described in API RP 753, Management of Hazards Associated

(ANSI/API RP 755)

with Location of Process Plant Portable Buildings, First Edition, June 2007,

Provides guidance to all stakeholders (e.g. employees, managers,

as ‘portable buildings specifically designed to resist significant blast loads’

supervisors) on understanding, recognizing, and managing employee fatigue

and intended for permanent use in a fixed location are covered in this

in the workplace. Should sites decide to use this document, the owners/

document (API RP 752). All other portable buildings are covered by API RP

operators shall establish policies and procedures to meet the purpose of this

753.” Pages: 27