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Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Table: gl
Writing System: Galician Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Í
Roman capital letter I with acute
CD (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CD
í
Roman small letter i with acute
ED (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00ED
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ú
Roman capital letter U with acute
DA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DA
ú
Roman small letter u with acute
FA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FA
Ü
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis
DC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00DC
ü
Roman small letter u with diaeresis
FC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00FC
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
14
Table: gn
Writing System: Guaraní Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a, 4
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
ã
Roman small letter a with tilde
E3 (1,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E3
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
ẽ
Roman small letter e with tilde
-
1EBD
ొ
(Roman small letter g with tilde)
-
0067+0303
Í
Roman capital letter I with acute
CD (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CD
í
Roman small letter i with acute
ED (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00ED
ĩ
Roman small letter i with tilde
B5 (4,10)
0129
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
õ
Roman small letter o with tilde
F5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F5
Ú
Roman capital letter U with acute
DA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DA
ú
Roman small letter u with acute
FA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FA
ũ
Roman small letter u with tilde
FD (4), F7 (10)
0169
ỹ
Roman small letter y with tilde
-
1EF9
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
19
139
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Table: gu_R
Writing System: Gujarati
Romanization System: UN 1972 (II/11), 1977 (III/12)
Notes: 1, 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ḍ
Roman capital letter D with dot below
-
1E0C
ḍ
Roman small letter d with dot below
-
1E0D
Ĕ
Roman capital letter E with breve
-
0114
ĕ
Roman small letter e with breve
-
0115
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ḷ
Roman capital letter L with dot below
-
1E36
ḷ
Roman small letter l with dot below
-
1E37
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
Ṅ
Roman capital letter N with dot above
-
1E44
ṅ
Roman small letter n with dot above
-
1E45
Ṇ
Roman capital letter N with dot below
-
1E46
ṇ
Roman small letter n with dot below
-
1E47
Ŏ
Roman capital letter O with breve
-
014E
ŏ
Roman small letter o with breve
-
014F
Ṛ
Roman capital letter R with dot below
-
1E5A
ṛ
Roman small letter r with dot below
-
1E5B
Ṣ
Roman capital letter S with dot below
-
1E62
ṣ
Roman small letter s with dot below
-
1E63
Ṭ
Roman capital letter T with dot below
-
1E6C
ṭ
Roman small letter t with dot below
-
1E6D
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
26
Table: ha
Writing System: Hausa Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ɓ
Roman capital letter B with hook
-
0181
ɓ
Roman small letter b with hook
-
0253
Ɗ
Roman capital letter D with hook
-
018A
ɗ
Roman small letter d with hook
-
0257
Ƙ
Roman capital letter K with hook
-
0198
ƙ
Roman small letter k with hook
-
0199
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
6
Table: haw
Writing System: Hawaiian Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a, 6
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
‘
Inverted apostrophe
-
02BB (2018)
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
140
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ō
Roman capital letter O with macron
D2 (4,10), D4 (13*)
014C
ō
Roman small letter o with macron
F2 (4,10), F4 (13*)
014D
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
5
Table: he_R
Writing System: Hebrew
Romanization System: UN 1977 (III/13)
Notes: 3a, 4, 6
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
‘
Inverted apostrophe
-
02BB (2018)
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
(Roman capital letter H with line below)
-
0048+0331
ẖ
Roman small letter h with line below
-
1E96
Ẕ
Roman capital letter Z with line below
-
1E94
ẕ
Roman small letter z with line below
-
1E95
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
7
Table: hi_R
Writing System: Devanagari [Hindi]
Romanization System: UN 1972 (II/11), 1977 (III/12)
Notes: 1, 3a, 3b, 4
Char.
Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ā
(Roman capital letter A with macron and breve)
-
0100+0306
ā
(Roman small letter A with macron and breve)
-
0101+0306
AI
Roman capital letters AI with breve
-
0041+035D+0049
ai
Roman small letters ai with breve
-
0061+035D+0069
Ḍ
Roman capital letter D with dot below
-
1E0C
ḍ
Roman small letter d with dot below
-
1E0D
Ĕ
Roman capital letter E with breve
-
0114
ĕ
Roman small letter e with breve
-
0115
Ḥ
Roman capital letter H with dot below
-
1E24
ḥ
Roman small letter h with dot below
-
1E25
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ṁ
Roman capital letter M with dot above
B6 (12*)
1E40
ṁ
Roman small letter m with dot above
B7 (12*)
1E41
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
Ṅ
Roman capital letter N with dot above
-
1E44
ṅ
Roman small letter n with dot above
-
1E45
Ṇ
Roman capital letter N with dot below
-
1E46
ṇ
Roman small letter n with dot below
-
1E47
Ŏ
Roman capital letter O with breve
-
014E
ŏ
Roman small letter o with breve
-
014F
Ṙ
Roman capital letter R with dot above
-
1E58
ṙ
Roman small letter r with dot above
-
1E59
141
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Ṛ
Roman capital letter R with dot below
-
1E5A
ṛ
Roman small letter r with dot below
-
1E5B
Ṣ
Roman capital letter S with dot below
-
1E62
ṣ
Roman small letter s with dot below
-
1E63
Ṭ
Roman capital letter T with dot below
-
1E6C
ṭ
Roman small letter t with dot below
-
1E6D
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
34
Table: hr
Writing System: Croatian Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ć
Roman capital letter C with acute
C6 (2), C3 (13*)
0106
ć
Roman small letter c with acute
E6 (2), E3 (13*)
0107
Č
Roman capital letter C with caron
C8 (2,4,10,13*), A1 (14*)
010C
č
Roman small letter c with caron
E8 (2,4,10,13*), A2 (14*)
010D
Đ
Roman capital letter D with stroke
D0 (2), A9 (10), A3 (14*)
0110
đ
Roman small letter d with stroke
F0 (2), B9 (10), A4 (14*)
0111
Š
Roman capital letter S with caron
A9 (2,4), AA (10),
0160
D0 (13*), B2 (14*)
š
Roman small letter s with caron
B9 (2,4), BA (10),
0161
F0 (13*), B3 (14*)
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE (2,4), AC (10),
017D
DE (13*), B9 (14*)
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE (2,4), BC (10),
017E
FE (13*), BA (14*)
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
10
Table: hsb
Writing System: Upper Sorbian Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ć
Roman capital letter C with acute
C6 (2), C3 (13*)
0106
ć
Roman small letter c with acute
E6 (2), E3 (13*)
0107
Č
Roman capital letter C with caron
C8 (2,4,10,13*), A1 (14*)
010C
č
Roman small letter c with caron
E8 (2,4,10,13*), A2 (14*)
010D
Ě
Roman capital letter E with caron
CC (2)
011A
ě
Roman small letter e with caron
EC (2)
011B
Ł
Roman capital letter L with stroke
A3 (2), D9 (13*)
0141
ł
Roman small letter l with stroke
B3 (2), F9 (13*)
0142
Ń
Roman capital letter N with acute
D1 (2,13*)
0143
ń
Roman small letter n with acute
F1 (2,13*)
0144
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ř
Roman capital letter R with caron
D8 (2)
0158
ř
Roman small letter r with caron
F8 (2)
0159
Š
Roman capital letter S with caron
A9 (2,4), AA (10), D0 (13*), B2 (14*)
0160
š
Roman small letter s with caron
B9 (2,4), BA (10), F0 (13*), B3 (14*)
0161
142
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Ź
Roman capital letter Z with acute
AC (2), CA (13*)
0179
ź
Roman small letter z with acute
BC (2), EA (13*)
017A
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE (2,4), AC (10), DE (13*), B9 (14*)
017D
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE (2,4), BC (10), FE (13*), BA (14*)
017E
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
20
Table: hu
Writing System: Hungarian Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Í
Roman capital letter I with acute
CD (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CD
í
Roman small letter i with acute
ED (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00ED
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ö
Roman capital letter O with diaeresis
D6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D6
ö
Roman small letter o with diaeresis
F6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F6
Ő
Roman capital letter O with double acute
D5 (2)
0150
ő
Roman small letter o with double acute
F5 (2)
0151
Ú
Roman capital letter U with acute
DA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DA
ú
Roman small letter u with acute
FA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FA
Ü
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis
DC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00DC
ü
Roman small letter u with diaeresis
FC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00FC
Ű
Roman capital letter U with double acute
DB (2)
0170
ű
Roman small letter u with double acute
FB (2)
0171
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
18
Table: ibo
Writing System: Ibo Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ị
Roman capital letter I with dot below
-
1ECA
ị
Roman small letter i with dot below
-
1ECB
Ọ
Roman capital letter O with dot below
-
1ECC
ọ
Roman small letter o with dot below
-
1ECD
Ụ
Roman capital letter U with dot below
-
1EE4
ụ
Roman small letter u with dot below
-
1EE5
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
6
Table: id
Writing System: Indonesian Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
2
143
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Table: is
Writing System: Icelandic Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
Æ
Roman capital letter AE (ash)
C6 (1,4,9,10,12*,14*), AF (13*)
00C6
æ
Roman small letter ae (ash)
E6 (1,4,9,10,12*,14*), BF (13*)
00E6
Ð
Roman capital letter ETH
D0 (1,4,10,14*)
00D0
ð
Roman small letter eth
F0 (1,4,10,14*)
00F0
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Í
Roman capital letter I with acute
CD (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CD
í
Roman small letter i with acute
ED (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00ED
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ö
Roman capital letter O with diaeresis
D6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D6
ö
Roman small letter o with diaeresis
F6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F6
Þ
Roman capital letter Thorn (Icelandic)
DE (1,10,14*)
00DE
þ
Roman small letter thorn (Icelandic)
FE (1,10,14*)
00FE
Ú
Roman capital letter U with acute
DA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DA
ú
Roman small letter u with acute
FA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FA
Ý
Roman capital letter Y with acute
DD (1,2,10,12*,14*)
00DD
ý
Roman small letter y with acute
FD (1,2,10,12*,14*)
00FD
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
20
Table: it
Writing System: Italian Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
À
Roman capital letter A with grave
C0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C0
à
Roman small letter a with grave
E0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E0
È
Roman capital letter E with grave
C8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C8
è
Roman small letter e with grave
E8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E8
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Ì
Roman capital letter I with grave
CC (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CC
ì
Roman small letter i with grave
EC (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EC
Í
Roman capital letter I with acute
CD (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CD
í
Roman small letter i with acute
ED (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00ED
Ò
Roman capital letter O with grave
D2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D2
ò
Roman small letter o with grave
F2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F2
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ù
Roman capital letter U with grave
D9 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D9
ù
Roman small letter u with grave
F9 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F9
Ú
Roman capital letter U with acute
DA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DA
ú
Roman small letter u with acute
FA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FA
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
18
144
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Table: ja_R1
Writing System: Sino-Japanese [Japanese]
Romanization System: Modified Hepburn
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ō
Roman capital letter O with macron
D2 (4,10), D4 (13*)
014C
ō
Roman small letter o with macron
F2 (4,10), F4 (13*)
014D
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
4
Table: ja_R2
Writing System: Sino-Japanese [Japanese]
Romanization System: Kunrei-siki 1954
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ô
Roman capital letter O with circumflex
D4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00D4
ô
Roman small letter o with circumflex
F4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00F4
Û
Roman capital letter U with circumflex
DB (1,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DB
û
Roman small letter u with circumflex
FB (1,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FB
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
4
Table: kk_R
Writing System: Cyrillic [Kazakh]
Romanization System: BGN/PCGN 1979
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
‘
Apostrophe
27 (1..14)
0027*
"
Quotation mark
22 (1..14)
0022**
Ä
Roman capital letter A with diaeresis
C4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C4
ä
Roman small letter a with diaeresis
E4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E4
Ė
Roman capital letter E with dot above
CC (4,10), CB (13*)
0116
ė
Roman small letter e with dot above
EC (4,10), EB (13*)
0117
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ö
Roman capital letter O with diaeresis
D6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D6
ö
Roman small letter o with diaeresis
F6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F6
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
Ü
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis
DC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00DC
ü
Roman small letter u with diaeresis
FC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00FC
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
14
* also ʹ Modifier letter prime
-
02B9
** also ʺ Modifier letter double prime
-
02BA
145
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Table: km_R
Writing System: Khmer
Romanization System: UN 1972 (II/10)
Notes: 3a, 4
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
Â
Roman capital letter A with circumflex
C2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C2
â
Roman small letter a with circumflex
E2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E2
Ă
Roman capital letter A with breve
C3 (2)
0102
ă
Roman small letter a with breve
E3 (2)
0103
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Ê
Roman capital letter E with circumflex
CA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CA
ê
Roman small letter e with circumflex
EA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EA
Ĕ
Roman capital letter E with breve
-
0114
ĕ
Roman small letter e with breve
-
0115
Ĭ
Roman capital letter I with breve
-
012C
ĭ
Roman small letter i with breve
-
012D
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ô
Roman capital letter O with circumflex
D4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00D4
ô
Roman small letter o with circumflex
F4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00F4
Ŏ
Roman capital letter O with breve
-
014E
ŏ
Roman small letter o with breve
-
014F
Œ
Roman capital ligature OE
8C (1,14*)
0152
œ
Roman small ligature oe
9C (1,14*)
0153
Œ
(Roman capital ligature OE with breve)
-
0152+0306
œ
(Roman small ligature oe with breve)
-
0153+0306
Ŭ
Roman capital letter U with breve
DD (3)
016C
ŭ
Roman small letter u with breve
FD (3)
016D
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
26
Table: kn_R
Writing System: Kannada
Romanization System: UN 1972 (II/11), 1977 (III/12)
Notes: 1, 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ḍ
Roman capital letter D with dot below
-
1E0C
ḍ
Roman small letter d with dot below
-
1E0D
Ĕ
Roman capital letter E with breve
-
0114
ĕ
Roman small letter e with breve
-
0115
Ḥ
Roman capital letter H with dot below
-
1E24
ḥ
Roman small letter h with dot below
-
1E25
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ḷ
Roman capital letter L with dot below
-
1E36
ḷ
Roman small letter l with dot below
-
1E37
146
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Ṁ
Roman capital letter M with dot above
B6 (12*)
1E40
ṁ
Roman small letter m with dot above
B7 (12*)
1E41
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
Ṅ
Roman capital letter N with dot above
-
1E44
ṅ
Roman small letter n with dot above
-
1E45
Ṇ
Roman capital letter N with dot below
-
1E46
ṇ
Roman small letter n with dot below
-
1E47
Ŏ
Roman capital letter O with breve
-
014E
ŏ
Roman small letter o with breve
-
014F
Ṙ
Roman capital letter R with dot above
-
1E58
ṙ
Roman small letter r with dot above
-
1E59
Ṛ
Roman capital letter R with dot below
-
1E5A
ṛ
Roman small letter r with dot below
-
1E5B
Ṣ
Roman capital letter S with dot below
-
1E62
ṣ
Roman small letter s with dot below
-
1E63
Ṭ
Roman capital letter T with dot below
-
1E6C
ṭ
Roman small letter t with dot below
-
1E6D
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
32
Table: ko_R
Writing System: Korean
Romanization System: McCune Reischauer 1939
Notes: 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ŏ
Roman capital letter O with breve
-
014E
ŏ
Roman small letter o with breve
-
014F
Ŭ
Roman capital letter U with breve
DD (3)
016C
ŭ
Roman small letter u with breve
FD (3)
016D
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
4
Table: ky_R
Writing System: Cyrillic [Kirghiz]
Romanization System: BGN/PCGN 1979
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
‘
Apostrophe
27 (1..14)
0027*
"
Quotation mark
22 (1..14)
0022**
Ö
Roman capital letter O with diaeresis
D6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D6
ö
Roman small letter o with diaeresis
F6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F6
Ü
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis
DC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00DC
ü
Roman small letter u with diaeresis
FC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00FC
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
5
* also ʹ Modifier letter prime
-
02B9
** also ʺ Modifier letter double prime
-
02BA
147
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Table: lb
Writing System: Luxembourgish Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a, 4
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ä
Roman capital letter A with diaeresis
C4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C4
ä
Roman small letter a with diaeresis
E4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E4
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Ë
Roman capital letter E with diaeresis
CB (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CB
ë
Roman small letter e with diaeresis
EB (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00EB
ࠅ
(Roman capital letter M with circumflex)
-
004D+0302
ࠆ
(Roman small letter m with circumflex)
-
006D+0302
ࠕ
(Roman capital letter N with circumflex)
-
004E+0302
ࠖ
(Roman small letter n with circumflex)
-
006E+0302
Ö
Roman capital letter O with diaeresis
D6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D6
ö
Roman small letter o with diaeresis
F6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F6
Ü
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis
DC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00DC
ü
Roman small letter u with diaeresis
FC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00FC
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
14
Table: livo
Writing System: Livonian Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a
Char.
Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ä
Roman capital letter A with diaeresis
C4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C4
ä
Roman small letter a with diaeresis
E4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E4
Ǟ
Roman capital letter A with diaeresis and macron
-
01DE
ǟ
Roman small letter a with diaeresis and macron
-
01DF
Ḑ
Roman capital letter D with cedilla
-
1E10
ḑ
Roman small letter d with cedilla
-
1E11
Ē
Roman capital letter E with macron
AA (4), A2 (10), C7 (13*)
0112
ē
Roman small letter e with macron
BA (4), B2 (10), E7 (13*)
0113
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ļ
Roman capital letter L with cedilla
A6 (4), A8 (10), CF (13*)
013B
ļ
Roman small letter l with cedilla
B6 (4), B8 (10), EF (13*)
013C
Ņ
Roman capital letter N with cedilla
D1 (4,10), D2 (13*)
0145
ņ
Roman small letter n with cedilla
F1 (4,10), F2 (13*)
0146
Õ
Roman capital letter O with tilde
D5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D5
õ
Roman small letter o with tilde
F5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F5
Ȭ
Roman capital letter O with tilde and macron
-
022C
ȭ
Roman small letter o with tilde and macron
-
022D
Ō
Roman capital letter O with macron
D2 (4,10), D4 (13*)
014C
ō
Roman small letter o with macron
F2 (4,10), F4 (13*)
014D
Ȯ
Roman capital letter O with dot above
-
022E
ȯ
Roman small letter o with dot above
-
022F
Ȱ
Roman capital letter O with dot above and macron
-
0230
ȱ
Roman small letter o with dot above and macron
-
0231
148
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Ŗ
Roman capital letter R with cedilla
A3 (4), AA (13*)
0156
ŗ
Roman small letter r with cedilla
B3 (4), BA (13*)
0157
Š
Roman capital letter S with caron
A9 (2,4), AA (10), D0 (13*), B2 (14*)
0160
š
Roman small letter s with caron
B9 (2,4), BA (10), F0 (13*), B3 (14*)
0161
Ţ
Roman capital letter T with cedilla
DE (2)
0162
ţ
Roman small letter t with cedilla
FE (2)
0163
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE (2,4), AC (10), DE (13*), B9 (14*)
017D
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE (2,4), BC (10), FE (13*), BA (14*)
017E
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
36
Table: lo_R
Writing System: Lao
Romanization System: National
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
È
Roman capital letter E with grave
C8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C8
è
Roman small letter e with grave
E8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E8
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Ô
Roman capital letter O with circumflex
D4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00D4
ô
Roman small letter o with circumflex
F4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00F4
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
6
Table: lt
Writing System: Lithuanian Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ą
Roman capital letter A with ogonek
A1 (2,4,10), C0 (13*)
0104
ą
Roman small letter a with ogonek
B1 (2,4,10), E0 (13*)
0105
Č
Roman capital letter C with caron
C8 (2,4,10,13*), A1 (14*)
010C
č
Roman small letter c with caron
E8 (2,4,10,13*), A2 (14*)
010D
Ė
Roman capital letter E with dot above
CC (4,10), CB (13*)
0116
ė
Roman small letter e with dot above
EC (4,10), EB (13*)
0117
Ę
Roman capital letter E with ogonek
CA (2,4,10), C6 (13*)
0118
ę
Roman small letter e with ogonek
EA (2,4,10), E6 (13*)
0119
Į
Roman capital letter I with ogonek
C7 (4,10), C1 (13*)
012E
į
Roman small letter i with ogonek
E7 (4,10), E1 (13*)
012F
Š
Roman capital letter S with caron
A9 (2,4), AA (10), D0 (13*), B2 (14*)
0160
š
Roman small letter s with caron
B9 (2,4), BA (10), F0 (13*), B3 (14*)
0161
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
Ų
Roman capital letter U with ogonek
D9 (4,10), D8 (13*)
0172
ų
Roman small letter u with ogonek
F9 (4,10), F8 (13*)
0173
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE (2,4), AC (10), DE (13*), B9 (14*)
017D
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE (2,4), BC (10), FE (13*), BA (14*)
017E
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
18
149
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Table: lv
Writing System: Latvian Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Č
Roman capital letter C with caron
C8 (2,4,10,13*), A1 (14*)
010C
č
Roman small letter c with caron
E8 (2,4,10,13*), A2 (14*)
010D
Ē
Roman capital letter E with macron
AA (4), A2 (10), C7 (13*)
0112
ē
Roman small letter e with macron
BA (4), B2 (10), E7 (13*)
0113
ģ
Roman small letter g with turned comma above
BB (4), B3 (10), EC (13*)
0123
Ģ
Roman capital letter G with cedilla
AB (4), A3 (10), CC (13*)
0122**
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ķ
Roman capital letter K with cedilla
D3 (4), A6 (10), CD (13*)
0136**
ķ
Roman small letter k with cedilla
F3 (4), B6 (10), ED (13*)
0137**
Ļ
Roman capital letter L with cedilla
A6 (4), A8 (10), CF (13*)
013B**
ļ
Roman small letter l with cedilla
B6 (4), B8 (10), EF (13*)
013C**
Ņ
Roman capital letter N with cedilla
D1 (4,10), D2 (13*)
0145**
ņ
Roman small letter n with cedilla
F1 (4,10), F2 (13*)
0146**
Š
Roman capital letter S with caron
A9 (2,4), AA (10), D0 (13*), B2 (14*)
0160
š
Roman small letter s with caron
B9 (2,4), BA (10), F0 (13*), B3 (14*)
0161
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE (2,4), AC (10),
017D
DE (13*), B9 (14*)
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE (2,4), BC (10), FE (13*), BA (14*)
017E
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
22
** Note: usual typesettings for some characters do not correspond to the character names and comma below (0326) is used instead
of cedilla.
Table: mg
Writing System: Malagasy Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a, 4
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
ಚ
(Roman capital letter N with diaeresis)
-
004E+0308
ಛ
(Roman small letter n with diaeresis)
-
006E+0308
Ô
Roman capital letter O with circumflex
D4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00D4
ô
Roman small letter o with circumflex
F4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00F4
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
6
Table: mh
Writing System: Marshallese Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a, 4
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
150
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Ļ
Roman capital letter L with cedilla
A6 (4), A8 (10), CF (13*)
013B
ļ
Roman small letter l with cedilla
B6 (4), B8 (10), EF (13*)
013C
ಖ
(Roman capital letter M with cedilla)
-
004D+0327
ಗ
(Roman small letter m with cedilla)
-
006D+0327
ಜ
(Roman capital letter N with macron)
-
004E+0304
ಝ
(Roman small letter n with macron)
-
006E+0304
Ņ
Roman capital letter N with cedilla
D1 (4,10), D2 (13*)
0145
ņ
Roman small letter n with cedilla
F1 (4,10), F2 (13*)
0146
Ō
Roman capital letter O with macron
D2 (4,10), D4 (13*)
014C
ō
Roman small letter o with macron
F2 (4,10), F4 (13*)
014D
ਨ
(Roman capital letter O with cedilla)
-
004F+0327
(Roman small letter o with cedilla)
-
006F+0327
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
16
Table: mi
Writing System: Maori Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ē
Roman capital letter E with macron
AA (4), A2 (10), C7 (13*)
0112
ē
Roman small letter e with macron
BA (4), B2 (10), E7 (13*)
0113
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ō
Roman capital letter O with macron
D2 (4,10), D4 (13*)
014C
ō
Roman small letter o with macron
F2 (4,10), F4 (13*)
014D
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
10
Table: mk_R
Writing System: Cyrillic [Macedonian]
Romanization System: UN 1977 (III/11)
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ć
Roman capital letter C with acute
C6 (2), C3 (13*)
0106
ć
Roman small letter c with acute
E6 (2), E3 (13*)
0107
Č
Roman capital letter C with caron
C8 (2,4,10,13*), A1 (14*)
010C
č
Roman small letter c with caron
E8 (2,4,10,13*), A2 (14*)
010D
Đ
Roman capital letter D with stroke
D0 (2), A9 (10), A3 (14*)
0110
đ
Roman small letter d with stroke
F0 (2), B9 (10), A4 (14*)
0111
Š
Roman capital letter S with caron
A9 (2,4), AA (10), D0 (13*), B2 (14*)
0160
š
Roman small letter s with caron
B9 (2,4), BA (10), F0 (13*), B3 (14*)
0161
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE (2,4), AC (10), DE (13*), B9 (14*)
017D
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE (2,4), BC (10), FE (13*), BA (14*)
017E
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
10
151
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Table: ml_R
Writing System: Malayalam
Romanization System: UN 1972 (II/11), 1977 (III/12)
Notes: 1, 3a, 4
Char.
Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ḍ
Roman capital letter D with dot below
-
1E0C
ḍ
Roman small letter d with dot below
-
1E0D
Ĕ
Roman capital letter E with breve
-
0114
ĕ
Roman small letter e with breve
-
0115
Ḥ
Roman capital letter H with dot below
-
1E24
ḥ
Roman small letter h with dot below
-
1E25
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ḷ
Roman capital letter L with dot below
-
1E36
ḷ
Roman small letter l with dot below
-
1E37
Ḻ
(Roman capital letter L with-line below)
-
1E3A
ḻ
(Roman small letter l with-line below)
-
1E3B
Ṁ
Roman capital letter M with dot above
B6 (12*)
1E40
ṁ
Roman small letter m with dot above
B7 (12*)
1E41
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
Ṅ
Roman capital letter N with dot above
-
1E44
ṅ
Roman small letter n with dot above
-
1E45
Ṇ
Roman capital letter N with dot below
-
1E46
ṇ
Roman small letter n with dot below
-
1E47
Ŏ
Roman capital letter O with breve
-
014E
ŏ
Roman small letter o with breve
-
014F
Ṛ
Roman capital letter R with dot below
-
1E5A
ṛ
Roman small letter r with dot below
-
1E5B
Ṟ
Roman capital letter R with line below
-
1E5E
ṟ
Roman small letter r with line below
-
1E5F
Ṣ
Roman capital letter S with dot below
-
1E62
ṣ
Roman small letter s with dot below
-
1E63
Ṭ
(Roman capital letter T with diaeresis and dot below)
-
1E6C+0308
ṭ
(Roman small letter t with diaeresis and dot below)
-
1E6D+0308
Ṭ
Roman capital letter T with dot below
-
1E6C
ṭ
Roman small letter t with dot below
-
1E6D
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
36
Table: mn_R
Writing System: Cyrillic [Mongolian]
Romanization System: BGN/PCGN 1964
Notes: 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ĭ
Roman capital letter I with breve
-
012C
ĭ
Roman small letter i with breve
-
012D
152
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Ï
Roman capital letter I with diaeresis
CF (1,3,9,10,12*,14*)
00CF
ï
Roman small letter i with diaeresis
EF (1,3,9,10,12*,14*)
00EF
Ö
Roman capital letter O with diaeresis
D6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D6
ö
Roman small letter o with diaeresis
F6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F6
Ü
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis
DC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00DC
ü
Roman small letter u with diaeresis
FC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00FC
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
8
Table: mr_R
Writing System: Marathi Extensions to Devanagari
Romanization System: UN 1972 (II/11), 1977 (III/12)
Notes: 1, 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ḷ
Roman capital letter L with dot below
-
1E36
ḷ
Roman small letter l with dot below
-
1E37
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
2
Table: mt
Writing System: Maltese Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
À
Roman capital letter A with grave
C0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C0
à
Roman small letter a with grave
E0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E0
Ċ
Roman capital letter C with dot above
C5 (3), A5 (12*)
010A
ċ
Roman small letter c with dot above
E5 (3), A6 (12*)
010B
È
Roman capital letter E with grave
C8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C8
è
Roman small letter e with grave
E8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E8
Ġ
Roman capital letter G with dot above
D5 (3), B4 (12*)
0120
ġ
Roman small letter g with dot above
F5 (3), B5 (12*)
0121
Ħ
Roman capital letter H with stroke
A1 (3)
0126
ħ
Roman small letter h with stroke
B1 (3)
0127
Ì
Roman capital letter I with grave
CC (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CC
ì
Roman small letter i with grave
EC (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EC
Î
Roman capital letter I with circumflex
CE (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CE
î
Roman small letter i with circumflex
EE (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00EE
Ò
Roman capital letter O with grave
D2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D2
ò
Roman small letter o with grave
F2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F2
Ù
Roman capital letter U with grave
D9 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D9
ù
Roman small letter u with grave
F9 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F9
Ż
Roman capital letter Z with dot above
AF (2,3), DD (13*)
017B
ż
Roman small letter z with dot above
BF (2,3), FD (13*)
017C
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
20
Table: my_R
Writing System: Burmese
Romanization System: BGN/PCGN 1970
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
È
Roman capital letter E with grave
C8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C8
è
Roman small letter e with grave
E8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E8
153
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Ô
Roman capital letter O with circumflex
D4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00D4
ô
Roman small letter o with circumflex
F4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00F4
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
4
Table: ne_R
Writing System: Devanagari [Nepali]
Romanization System: BGN/PCGN 1964
Notes: 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ḍ
Roman capital letter D with dot below
-
1E0C
ḍ
Roman small letter d with dot below
-
1E0D
Ń
Roman capital letter N with acute
D1 (2,13*)
0143
ń
Roman small letter n with acute
F1 (2,13*)
0144
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
Ṇ
Roman capital letter N with dot below
-
1E46
ṇ
Roman small letter n with dot below
-
1E47
Ś
Roman capital letter S with acute
A6 (2), DA (13*)
015A
ś
Roman small letter s with acute
B6 (2), FA (13*)
015B
Ṣ
Roman capital letter S with dot below
-
1E62
ṣ
Roman small letter s with dot below
-
1E63
Ṭ
Roman capital letter T with dot below
-
1E6C
ṭ
Roman small letter t with dot below
-
1E6D
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
14
Table: nl
Writing System: Dutch Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
Â
Roman capital letter A with circumflex
C2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C2
â
Roman small letter a with circumflex
E2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E2
È
Roman capital letter E with grave
C8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C8
è
Roman small letter e with grave
E8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E8
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Ê
Roman capital letter E with circumflex
CA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CA
ê
Roman small letter e with circumflex
EA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EA
Ë
Roman capital letter E with diaeresis
CB (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CB
ë
Roman small letter e with diaeresis
EB (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00EB
Í
Roman capital letter I with acute
CD (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CD
í
Roman small letter i with acute
ED (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00ED
Ï
Roman capital letter I with diaeresis
CF (1,3,9,10,12*,14*)
00CF
ï
Roman small letter i with diaeresis
EF (1,3,9,10,12*,14*)
00EF
IJ
Roman capital ligature IJ
-
0132
ij
Roman small ligature ij
-
0133
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ô
Roman capital letter O with circumflex
D4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00D4
154
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
ô
Roman small letter o with circumflex
F4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00F4
Ö
Roman capital letter O with diaeresis
D6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D6
ö
Roman small letter o with diaeresis
F6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F6
Ú
Roman capital letter U with acute
DA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DA
ú
Roman small letter u with acute
FA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FA
Û
Roman capital letter U with circumflex
DB (1,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DB
û
Roman small letter u with circumflex
FB (1,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FB
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
28
Table: no
Writing System: Norwegian (bokmål, nynorsk) Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Å
Roman capital letter A with ring above
C5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C5
å
Roman small letter a with ring above
E5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E5
Æ
Roman capital letter AE (ash)
C6 (1,4,9,10,12*,14*), AF (13*)
00C6
æ
Roman small letter ae (ash)
E6 (1,4,9,10,12*,14*), BF (13*)
00E6
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Ò
Roman capital letter O with grave
D2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D2
ò
Roman small letter o with grave
F2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F2
Ô
Roman capital letter O with circumflex
D4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00D4
ô
Roman small letter o with circumflex
F4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00F4
Ø
Roman capital letter O with stroke
D8 (1,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00D8
ø
Roman small letter o with stroke
F8 (1,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00F8
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
12
Table: ny
Writing System: Chichewa Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ŵ
Roman capital letter W with circumflex
D0 (12*)
0174
ŵ
Roman small letter w with circumflex
F0 (12*)
0175
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
2
Table: or_R
Writing System: Oriya
Romanization System: UN 1972 (II/11), 1977 (III/12)
Notes: 1, 3a, 4
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ḍ
Roman capital letter D with dot below
-
1E0C
ḍ
Roman small letter d with dot below
-
1E0D
Ḥ
Roman capital letter H with dot below
-
1E24
ḥ
Roman small letter h with dot below
-
1E25
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ḷ
Roman capital letter L with dot below
-
1E36
155
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
ḷ
Roman small letter l with dot below
-
1E37
Ṁ
Roman capital letter M with dot above
B6 (12*)
1E40
ṁ
Roman small letter m with dot above
B7 (12*)
1E41
M
(Roman capital letter M with candrabindu)
-
004D+0310
m
(Roman small letter m with candrabindu)
-
006D+0310
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
Ṅ
Roman capital letter N with dot above
-
1E44
ṅ
Roman small letter n with dot above
-
1E45
Ṇ
Roman capital letter N with dot below
-
1E46
ṇ
Roman small letter n with dot below
-
1E47
Ṙ
Roman capital letter R with dot above
-
1E58
ṙ
Roman small letter r with dot above
-
1E59
Ṣ
Roman capital letter S with dot below
-
1E62
ṣ
Roman small letter s with dot below
-
1E63
Ṭ
Roman capital letter T with dot below
-
1E6C
ṭ
Roman small letter t with dot below
-
1E6D
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
Ỵ
Roman capital letter Y with dot below
-
1EF4
ỵ
Roman small letter y with dot below
-
1EF5
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
30
Table: pa_R
Writing System: Punjabi
Romanization System: UN 1972 (II/11), 1977 (III/12)
Notes: 1, 3a, 4
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ḍ
Roman capital letter D with dot below
-
1E0C
ḍ
Roman small letter d with dot below
-
1E0D
ౄ
(Roman capital letter G with dot below)
-
0047+0323
(Roman small letter g with dot below)
-
0067+0323
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ḳ
Roman capital letter K with dot below
-
1E32
ḳ
Roman small letter k with dot below
-
1E33
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
Ṅ
Roman capital letter N with dot above
-
1E44
ṅ
Roman small letter n with dot above
-
1E45
Ṇ
Roman capital letter N with dot below
-
1E46
ṇ
Roman small letter n with dot below
-
1E47
Ṙ
Roman capital letter R with dot above
-
1E58
ṙ
Roman small letter r with dot above
-
1E59
Ṭ
Roman capital letter T with dot below
-
1E6C
ṭ
Roman small letter t with dot below
-
1E6D
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
22
156
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Table: pl
Writing System: Polish Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ą
Roman capital letter A with ogonek
A1 (2,4,10), C0 (13*)
0104
ą
Roman small letter a with ogonek
B1 (2,4,10), E0 (13*)
0105
Ć
Roman capital letter C with acute
C6 (2), C3 (13*)
0106
ć
Roman small letter c with acute
E6 (2), E3 (13*)
0107
Ę
Roman capital letter E with ogonek
CA (2,4,10), C6 (13*)
0118
ę
Roman small letter e with ogonek
EA (2,4,10), E6 (13*)
0119
Ł
Roman capital letter L with stroke
A3 (2), D9 (13*)
0141
ł
Roman small letter l with stroke
B3 (2), F9 (13*)
0142
Ń
Roman capital letter N with acute
D1 (2,13*)
0143
ń
Roman small letter n with acute
F1 (2,13*)
0144
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ś
Roman capital letter S with acute
A6 (2), DA (13*)
015A
ś
Roman small letter s with acute
B6 (2), FA (13*)
015B
Ź
Roman capital letter Z with acute
AC (2), CA (13*)
0179
ź
Roman small letter z with acute
BC (2), EA (13*)
017A
Ż
Roman capital letter Z with dot above
AF (2,3), DD (13*)
017B
ż
Roman small letter z with dot above
BF (2,3), FD (13*)
017C
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
18
Table: ps_R
Writing System: Perso-Arabic [Pashto]
Romanization System: BGN/PCGN 1968
Notes: 3a, 4, 6
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
‘
Inverted apostrophe
-
02BB (2018)
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ḏ
Roman capital letter D with line below
-
1E0E
ḏ
Roman small letter d with line below
-
1E0F
Ê
Roman capital letter E with circumflex
CA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CA
ê
Roman small letter e with circumflex
EA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EA
Ḩ
Roman capital letter H with cedilla
-
1E28
ḩ
Roman small letter h with cedilla
-
1E29
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ṉ
Roman capital letter N with line below
-
1E48
ṉ
Roman small letter n with line below
-
1E49
Ṟ
Roman capital letter R with line below
-
1E5E
ṟ
Roman small letter r with line below
-
1E5F
(Roman capital letter S with macron)
-
0053+0304
(Roman small letter s with macron)
-
0073+0304
Ş
Roman capital letter S with cedilla
AA (2,3), DE (9)
015E
ş
Roman small letter s with cedilla
BA (2,3), FE (9)
015F
SH
(Roman capital letters SH with line below)
-
0053+035F+0048
157
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Sh
(Roman capital letter S and small letter h with line below)-
0053+035F
sh
(Roman small letters sh with line below)
-
0073+035F+0068
Ṯ
Roman capital letter T with line below
-
1E6E
ṯ
Roman small letter t with line below
-
1E6F
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
ങ
(Roman capital letter Z with macron)
-
005A+0304
ച
(Roman small letter z with macron)
-
007A+0304
Z
(Roman capital letter Z with cedilla)
-
005A+0327
z
(Roman small letter z with cedilla)
-
007A+0327
Ẕ
Roman capital letter Z with line below
-
1E94
ẕ
Roman small letter z with line below
-
1E95
ZH
(Roman capital letters ZH with line below)
-
005A+035F+0048
Zh
(Roman capital letter Z and small
-
005A+035F
letter h with line below)
+0068
zh
(Roman small letters zh with line below)
-
007A+035F+0068
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
35
Table: pt
Writing System: Portuguese Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char.
Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
À
Roman capital letter A with grave
C0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C0
à
Roman small letter a with grave
E0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E0
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
Â
Roman capital letter A with circumflex
C2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C2
â
Roman small letter a with circumflex
E2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E2
Ã
Roman capital letter A with tilde
C3 (1,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C3
ã
Roman small letter a with tilde
E3 (1,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E3
Ç
Roman capital letter C with cedilla
C7 (1,2,3,9,12*,14*)
00C7
ç
Roman small letter c with cedilla
E7 (1,2,3,9,12*,14*)
00E7
È
Roman capital letter E with grave
C8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C8
è
Roman small letter e with grave
E8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E8
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Ê
Roman capital letter E with circumflex
CA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CA
ê
Roman small letter e with circumflex
EA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EA
Í
Roman capital letter I with acute
CD (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CD
í
Roman small letter i with acute
ED (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00ED
Ò
Roman capital letter O with grave
D2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D2
ò
Roman small letter o with grave
F2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F2
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ô
Roman capital letter O with circumflex
D4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00D4
ô
Roman small letter o with circumflex
F4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00F4
Õ
Roman capital letter O with tilde
D5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D5
õ
Roman small letter o with tilde
F5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F5
Ú
Roman capital letter U with acute
DA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DA
ú
Roman small letter u with acute
FA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FA
Ü
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis
DC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00DC
158
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
ü
Roman small letter u with diaeresis
FC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00FC
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
30
Table: rm
Writing System: (Rhaeto-)Romance Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
À
Roman capital letter A with grave
C0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C0
à
Roman small letter a with grave
E0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E0
È
Roman capital letter E with grave
C8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C8
è
Roman small letter e with grave
E8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E8
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Ì
Roman capital letter I with grave
CC (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CC
ì
Roman small letter i with grave
EC (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EC
Î
Roman capital letter I with circumflex
CE (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CE
î
Roman small letter i with circumflex
EE (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00EE
Ò
Roman capital letter O with grave
D2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D2
ò
Roman small letter o with grave
F2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F2
Ù
Roman capital letter U with grave
D9 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D9
ù
Roman small letter u with grave
F9 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F9
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
14
Table: ro
Writing System: Romanian Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Â
Roman capital letter A with circumflex
C2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C2
â
Roman small letter a with circumflex
E2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E2
Ă
Roman capital letter A with breve
C3 (2)
0102
ă
Roman small letter a with breve
E3 (2)
0103
Î
Roman capital letter I with circumflex
CE (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CE
î
Roman small letter i with circumflex
EE (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00EE
Ș
Roman capital letter S with comma below
-
0218
ș
Roman small letter s with comma below
-
0219
Ş
Roman capital letter S with cedilla
AA (2,3), DE (9)
015E**
ş
Roman small letter s with cedilla
BA (2,3), FE (9)
015F**
Ț
Roman capital letter T with comma below
-
021A
ț
Roman small letter t with comma below
-
021B
Ţ
Roman capital letter T with cedilla
DE (2)
0162**
ţ
Roman small letter t with cedilla
FE (2)
0163**
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
14
** Note: at the request of Romania new ISO 10646 codes were assigned and new character names designated for characters
formerly associated with cedillas (015E, 015F, 0162 and 0163 were converted into 0218, 0219, 021A and 021B, respectively).
159
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Table: ru_R1
Writing System: Cyrillic [Russian]
Romanization System: UN 1987 (V/18)
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
‘
Apostrophe
27 (1..14)
0027*
"
Quotation mark
22 (1..14)
0022**
Č
Roman capital letter C with caron
C8 (2,4,10,13*), A1 (14*)
010C
č
Roman small letter c with caron
E8 (2,4,10,13*), A2 (14*)
010D
È
Roman capital letter E with grave
C8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C8
è
Roman small letter e with grave
E8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E8
Ë
Roman capital letter E with diaeresis
CB (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CB
ë
Roman small letter e with diaeresis
EB (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00EB
Š
Roman capital letter S with caron
A9 (2,4), AA (10), D0 (13*), B2 (14*)
0160
š
Roman small letter s with caron
B9 (2,4), BA (10), F0 (13*), B3 (14*)
0161
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE (2,4), AC (10), DE (13*), B9 (14*)
017D
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE (2,4), BC (10), FE (13*), BA (14*)
017E
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
12
* also ʹ Modifier letter prime
02B9
** also ʺ Modifier letter double prime
02BA
Table: ru_R2
Writing System: Cyrillic [Russian]
Romanization System: BGN/PCGN 1947
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
‘
Apostrophe
27 (1..14)
0027*
"
Quotation mark
22 (1..14)
0022**
Ë
Roman capital letter E with diaeresis
CB (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CB
ë
Roman small letter e with diaeresis
EB (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00EB
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
4
* also ʹ Modifier letter prime
-
02B9
** also ʺ Modifier letter double prime
-
02BA
Table: se
Writing System: North Saami Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
Č
Roman capital letter C with caron
C8 (2,4,10,13*), A1 (14*)
010C
č
Roman small letter c with caron
E8 (2,4,10,13*), A2 (14*)
010D
Đ
Roman capital letter D with stroke
D0 (2), A9 (10), A3 (14*)
0110
đ
Roman small letter d with stroke
F0 (2), B9 (10), A4 (14*)
0111
Ŋ
Roman capital letter ENG (Saami)
BD (4), AF (10,14*)
014A
ŋ
Roman small letter eng (Saami)
BF (4,10), B1 (14*)
014B
Š
Roman capital letter S with caron
A9 (2,4), AA (10), D0 (13*), B2 (14*)
0160
š
Roman small letter s with caron
B9 (2,4), BA (10), F0 (13*), B3 (14*)
0161
160
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Ŧ
Roman capital letter T with stroke
AC (4), AB (10), B5 (14*)
0166
ŧ
Roman small letter t with stroke
BC (4), BB (10), B8 (14*)
0167
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE (2,4), AC (10),
017D
DE (13*), B9 (14*)
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE (2,4), BC (10),
017E
FE (13*), BA (14*)
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
14
Table: sk
Writing System: Slovak Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char.
Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
Ä
Roman capital letter A with diaeresis
C4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C4
ä
Roman small letter a with diaeresis
E4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E4
Č
Roman capital letter C with caron
C8 (2,4,10,13*), A1 (14*)
010C
č
Roman small letter c with caron
E8 (2,4,10,13*), A2 (14*)
010D
Ď
Roman capital letter D with caron
CF (2)
010E
ď
Roman small letter d with caron
EF (2)
010F**
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Í
Roman capital letter I with acute
CD (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CD
í
Roman small letter i with acute
ED (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00ED
Ĺ
Roman capital letter L with acute
C5 (2)
0139
ĺ
Roman small letter l with acute
E5 (2)
013A
Ľ
Roman capital letter L with caron
A5 (2)
013D**
ľ
Roman small letter l with caron
B5 (2)
013E**
Ň
Roman capital letter N with caron
D2 (2)
0147
ň
Roman small letter n with caron
F2 (2)
0148
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ô
Roman capital letter O with circumflex
D4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00D4
ô
Roman small letter o with circumflex
F4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00F4
Ŕ
Roman capital letter R with acute
C0 (2)
0154
ŕ
Roman small letter r with acute
E0 (2)
0155
Š
Roman capital letter S with caron
A9 (2,4), AA (10), D0 (13*), B2 (14*)
0160
š
Roman small letter s with caron
B9 (2,4), BA (10), F0 (13*), B3 (14*)
0161
Ť
Roman capital letter T with caron
AB (2)
0164
ť
Roman small letter t with caron
BB (2)
0165**
Ú
Roman capital letter U with acute
DA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DA
ú
Roman small letter u with acute
FA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FA
Ý
Roman capital letter Y with acute
DD (1,2,10,12*,14*)
00DD
ý
Roman small letter y with acute
FD (1,2,10,12*,14*)
00FD
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE (2,4), AC (10), DE (13*), B9 (14*)
017D
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE (2,4), BC (10), FE (13*), BA (14*)
017E
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
34
** Note: usual typesettings for some characters do not correspond to the character names:
(0064+0315) is used for 010F,
(004C+0315) for 013D,
(006C+0315) for 013E and
(0074+0315) for 0165.
161
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Table: sl
Writing System: Slovene Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Č
Roman capital letter C with caron
C8 (2,4,10,13*), A1 (14*)
010C
č
Roman small letter c with caron
E8 (2,4,10,13*), A2 (14*)
010D
Š
Roman capital letter S with caron
A9 (2,4), AA (10), D0 (13*), B2 (14*)
0160
š
Roman small letter s with caron
B9 (2,4), BA (10), F0 (13*), B3 (14*)
0161
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE (2,4), AC (10), DE (13*), B9 (14*)
017D
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE (2,4), BC (10), FE (13*), BA (14*)
017E
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
6
Table: sm
Writing System: Samoan Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a, 6
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
‘
Inverted apostrophe
-
02BB (2018)
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
1
Table: sma
Writing System: South Saami Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ä
Roman capital letter A with diaeresis
C4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C4
ä
Roman small letter a with diaeresis
E4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E4
Å
Roman capital letter A with ring above
C5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C5
å
Roman small letter a with ring above
E5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E5
Ø
Roman capital letter O with stroke
D8 (1,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00D8
ø
Roman small letter o with stroke
F8 (1,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00F8
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
6
Table: smj
Writing System: Lule Saami Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
Ä
Roman capital letter A with diaeresis
C4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C4
ä
Roman small letter a with diaeresis
E4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E4
Å
Roman capital letter A with ring above
C5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C5
å
Roman small letter a with ring above
E5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E5
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
8
162
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Table: smn
Writing System: Inari Saami Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
Â
Roman capital letter A with circumflex
C2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C2
â
Roman small letter a with circumflex
E2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E2
Ä
Roman capital letter A with diaeresis
C4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C4
ä
Roman small letter a with diaeresis
E4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E4
Č
Roman capital letter C with caron
C8 (2,4,10,13*), A1 (14*)
010C
č
Roman small letter c with caron
E8 (2,4,10,13*), A2 (14*)
010D
Đ
Roman capital letter D with stroke
D0 (2), A9 (10), A3 (14*)
0110
đ
Roman small letter d with stroke
F0 (2), B9 (10), A4 (14*)
0111
Ŋ
Roman capital letter ENG (Saami)
BD (4), AF (10,14*)
014A
ŋ
Roman small letter eng (Saami)
BF (4,10), B1 (14*)
014B
Š
Roman capital letter S with caron
A9 (2,4), AA (10), D0 (13*), B2 (14*)
0160
š
Roman small letter s with caron
B9 (2,4), BA (10), F0 (13*), B3 (14*)
0161
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE (2,4), AC (10), DE (13*), B9 (14*)
017D
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE (2,4), BC (10), FE (13*), BA (14*)
017E
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
16
Table: sms
Writing System: Skolt Sámi Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Â
Roman capital letter A with circumflex
C2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C2
â
Roman small letter a with circumflex
E2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E2
Ä
Roman capital letter A with diaeresis
C4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C4
ä
Roman small letter a with diaeresis
E4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E4
Å
Roman capital letter A with ring above
C5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C5
å
Roman small letter a with ring above
E5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E5
Č
Roman capital letter C with caron
C8 (2,4,10,13*), A1 (14*)
010C
č
Roman small letter c with caron
E8 (2,4,10,13*), A2 (14*)
010D
Đ
Roman capital letter D with stroke
D0 (2), A9 (10), A3 (14*)
0110
đ
Roman small letter d with stroke
F0 (2), B9 (10), A4 (14*)
0111
Ʒ
Roman capital letter EZH
BC (14*)
01B7
ʒ
Roman small letter ezh
BD (14*)
0292
Ǯ
Roman capital letter EZH with caron
BE (14*)
01EE
ǯ
Roman small letter ezh with caron
BF (14*)
01EF
Ǧ
Roman capital letter G with caron
A8 (14*)
01E6
ǧ
Roman small letter g with caron
AA (14*)
01E7
Ǥ
Roman capital letter G with stroke
A5 (14*)
01E4
ǥ
Roman small letter g with stroke
A6 (14*)
01E5
Ǩ
Roman capital letter K with caron
AC (14*)
01E8
ǩ
Roman small letter k with caron
AE (14*)
01E9
Õ
Roman capital letter O with tilde
D5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D5
õ
Roman small letter o with tilde
F5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F5
Ŋ
Roman capital letter ENG (Saami)
BD (4), AF (10,14*)
014A
ŋ
Roman small letter eng (Saami)
BF (4,10), B1 (14*)
014B
163
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Š
Roman capital letter S with caron
A9 (2,4), AA (10), D0 (13*), B2 (14*)
0160
š
Roman small letter s with caron
B9 (2,4), BA (10), F0 (13*), B3 (14*)
0161
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE (2,4), AC (10), DE (13*), B9 (14*)
017D
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE (2,4), BC (10), FE (13*), BA (14*)
017E
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
28
Table: sq
Writing System: Albanian Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ç
Roman capital letter C with cedilla
C7 (1,2,3,9,12*,14*)
00C7
ç
Roman small letter c with cedilla
E7 (1,2,3,9,12*,14*)
00E7
Ë
Roman capital letter E with diaeresis
CB (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CB
ë
Roman small letter e with diaeresis
EB (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00EB
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
4
Table: sr_R
Writing System: Cyrillic [Serbian]
Romanization System: UN 1977 (III/11)
Notes: 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ć
Roman capital letter C with acute
C6 (2), C3 (13*)
0106
ć
Roman small letter c with acute
E6 (2), E3 (13*)
0107
Č
Roman capital letter C with caron
C8 (2,4,10,13*), A1 (14*)
010C
č
Roman small letter c with caron
E8 (2,4,10,13*), A2 (14*)
010D
Đ
Roman capital letter D with stroke
D0 (2), A9 (10), A3 (14*)
0110
đ
Roman small letter d with stroke
F0 (2), B9 (10), A4 (14*)
0111
LJ
Roman capital letter LJ
-
01C7
Lj
Roman capital letter L with small letter j
-
01C8
lj
Roman small letter lj
-
01C9
NJ
Roman capital letter NJ
-
01CA
Nj
Roman capital letter N with small letter j
-
01CB
nj
Roman small letter nj
-
01CC
Š
Roman capital letter S with caron
A9 (2,4), AA (10), D0 (13*), B2 (14*)
0160
š
Roman small letter s with caron
B9 (2,4), BA (10), F0 (13*), B3 (14*)
0161
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE (2,4), AC (10), DE (13*), B9 (14*)
017D
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE (2,4), BC (10), FE (13*), BA (14*)
017E
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
16
Table: sv
Writing System: Swedish Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ä
Roman capital letter A with diaeresis
C4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C4
ä
Roman small letter a with diaeresis
E4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E4
Å
Roman capital letter A with ring above
C5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C5
å
Roman small letter a with ring above
E5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E5
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Ö
Roman capital letter O with diaeresis
D6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D6
164
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
ö
Roman small letter o with diaeresis
F6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F6
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
8
Table: ta_R
Writing System: Tamil
Romanization System: UN 1972 (II/11), 1977 (III/12)
Notes: 1, 3a, 4
Char.
Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ḍ
Roman capital letter D with dot below
-
1E0C
ḍ
Roman small letter d with dot below
-
1E0D
Ĕ
Roman capital letter E with breve
-
0114
ĕ
Roman small letter e with breve
-
0115
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ḷ
Roman capital letter L with dot below
-
1E36
ḷ
Roman small letter l with dot below
-
1E37
L
(Roman capital letter L with breve below)
-
004C+032E
l
(Roman small letter l with breve below)
-
006C+032E
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
Ṅ
Roman capital letter N with dot above
-
1E44
ṅ
Roman small letter n with dot above
-
1E45
Ṇ
Roman capital letter N with dot below
-
1E46
ṇ
Roman small letter n with dot below
-
1E47
Ṉ
Roman capital letter N with line below
-
1E48
ṉ
Roman small letter n with line below
-
1E49
Ŏ
Roman capital letter O with breve
-
014E
ŏ
Roman small letter o with breve
-
014F
Ṟ
Roman capital letter R with line below
-
1E5E
ṟ
Roman small letter r with line below
-
1E5F
Ṣ
Roman capital letter S with dot below
-
1E62
ṣ
Roman small letter s with dot below
-
1E63
Ṭ
Roman capital letter T with dot below
-
1E6C
ṭ
Roman small letter t with dot below
-
1E6D
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
Ẓ
Roman capital letter Z with dot below
-
1E92
ẓ
Roman small letter z with dot below
-
1E93
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
32
Table: te_R
Writing System: Telugu
Romanization System: UN 1972 (II/11), 1977 (III/12)
Notes: 1, 3a, 4
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ḍ
Roman capital letter D with dot below
-
1E0C
ḍ
Roman small letter d with dot below
-
1E0D
165
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Ĕ
Roman capital letter E with breve
-
0114
ĕ
Roman small letter e with breve
-
0115
Ḥ
Roman capital letter H with dot below
-
1E24
ḥ
Roman small letter h with dot below
-
1E25
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ḷ
Roman capital letter L with dot below
-
1E36
ḷ
Roman small letter l with dot below
-
1E37
Ṁ
Roman capital letter M with dot above
B6 (12*)
1E40
ṁ
Roman small letter m with dot above
B7 (12*)
1E41
M
(Roman capital letter M with candrabindu)
-
004D+0310
m
(Roman small letter m with candrabindu)
-
006D+0310
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
Ṅ
Roman capital letter N with dot above
-
1E44
ṅ
Roman small letter n with dot above
-
1E45
Ṇ
Roman capital letter N with dot below
-
1E46
ṇ
Roman small letter n with dot below
-
1E47
Ŏ
Roman capital letter O with breve
-
014E
ŏ
Roman small letter o with breve
-
014F
Ṝ
Roman capital letter R with dot below and macron
-
1E5C
ṝ
Roman small letter R with dot below and macron
-
1E5D
Ṛ
Roman capital letter R with dot below
-
1E5A
ṛ
Roman small letter r with dot below
-
1E5B
Ṣ
Roman capital letter S with dot below
-
1E62
ṣ
Roman small letter s with dot below
-
1E63
Ṭ
Roman capital letter T with dot below
-
1E6C
ṭ
Roman small letter t with dot below
-
1E6D
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
34
Table: tet
Writing System: Tetum Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Í
Roman capital letter I with acute
CD (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CD
í
Roman small letter i with acute
ED (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00ED
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ú
Roman capital letter U with acute
DA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DA
ú
Roman small letter u with acute
FA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FA
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
12
166
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Table: tg_R
Writing System: Cyrillic [Tajik]
Romanization System: BGN/PCGN 1994
Notes: 7
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ė
Roman capital letter E with dot above
CC (4,10), CB (13*)
0116
ė
Roman small letter e with dot above
EC (4,10), EB (13*)
0117
Í
Roman capital letter I with acute
CD (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CD
í
Roman small letter i with acute
ED (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00ED
Ŭ
Roman capital letter U with breve
DD (3)
016C
ŭ
Roman small letter u with breve
FD (3)
016D
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
6
Table: tk
Writing System: Turkmen Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ä
Roman capital letter A with diaeresis
C4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C4
ä
Roman small letter a with diaeresis
E4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E4
Ç
Roman capital letter C with cedilla
C7 (1,2,3,9,12*,14*)
00C7
ç
Roman small letter c with cedilla
E7 (1,2,3,9,12*,14*)
00E7
Ň
Roman capital letter N with caron
D2 (2)
0147
ň
Roman small letter n with caron
F2 (2)
0148
Ö
Roman capital letter O with diaeresis
D6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D6
ö
Roman small letter o with diaeresis
F6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F6
Ş
Roman capital letter S with cedilla
AA (2,3), DE (9)
015E
ş
Roman small letter s with cedilla
BA (2,3), FE (9)
015F
Ü
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis
DC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00DC
ü
Roman small letter u with diaeresis
FC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00FC
Ý
Roman capital letter Y with acute
DD (1,2,10,12*,14*)
00DD
ý
Roman small letter y with acute
FD (1,2,10,12*,14*)
00FD
Ž
Roman capital letter Z with caron
AE(2,4), AC(10), DE(13*), B9(14*)
017D
ž
Roman small letter z with caron
BE(2,4), BC(10), FE(13*), BA(14*)
017E
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
16
Table: tl
Writing System: Pilipino (Tagalog) Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a, 4
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
À
Roman capital letter A with grave
C0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C0
à
Roman small letter a with grave
E0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E0
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
Â
Roman capital letter A with circumflex
C2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C2
â
Roman small letter a with circumflex
E2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E2
È
Roman capital letter E with grave
C8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C8
è
Roman small letter e with grave
E8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E8
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Ê
Roman capital letter E with circumflex
CA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CA
167
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
ê
Roman small letter e with circumflex
EA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EA
(Roman capital letter G with tilde)
-
0047+0303
ొ
(Roman small letter g with tilde)
-
0067+0303
Ì
Roman capital letter I with grave
CC (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CC
ì
Roman small letter i with grave
EC (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EC
Í
Roman capital letter I with acute
CD (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CD
í
Roman small letter i with acute
ED (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00ED
Î
Roman capital letter I with circumflex
CE (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CE
î
Roman small letter i with circumflex
EE (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00EE
Ñ
Roman capital letter N with tilde
D1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D1
ñ
Roman small letter n with tilde
F1 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F1
Ò
Roman capital letter O with grave
D2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D2
ò
Roman small letter o with grave
F2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F2
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ù
Roman capital letter U with grave
D9 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D9
ù
Roman small letter u with grave
F9 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F9
Ú
Roman capital letter U with acute
DA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DA
ú
Roman small letter u with acute
FA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FA
Û
Roman capital letter U with circumflex
DB (1,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DB
û
Roman small letter u with circumflex
FB (1,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FB
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
32
Table: tn
Writing System: Tswana Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ê
Roman capital letter E with circumflex
CA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CA
ê
Roman small letter e with circumflex
EA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EA
Ô
Roman capital letter O with circumflex
D4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00D4
ô
Roman small letter o with circumflex
F4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00F4
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
4
Table: to
Writing System: Tongan Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a, 6
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
‘
Inverted apostrophe
-
02BB (2018)
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
1
Table: tr
Writing System: Turkish Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Â
Roman capital letter A with circumflex
C2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C2
â
Roman small letter a with circumflex
E2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E2
Ç
Roman capital letter C with cedilla
C7 (1,2,3,9,12*,14*)
00C7
ç
Roman small letter c with cedilla
E7 (1,2,3,9,12*,14*)
00E7
Ğ
Roman capital letter G with breve
AB (3), D0 (9)
011E
ğ
Roman small letter g with breve
BB (3), F0 (9)
011F
168
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Î
Roman capital letter I with circumflex
CE (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CE
î
Roman small letter i with circumflex
EE (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00EE
İ
Roman capital letter I with dot above
A9 (3), DD (9)
0130
ı
Roman small letter i with no dot
B9 (3), FD (9)
0131
Ö
Roman capital letter O with diaeresis
D6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D6
ö
Roman small letter o with diaeresis
F6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F6
Ş
Roman capital letter S with cedilla
AA (2,3), DE (9)
015E
ş
Roman small letter s with cedilla
BA (2,3), FE (9)
015F
Û
Roman capital letter U with circumflex
DB (1,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DB
û
Roman small letter u with circumflex
FB (1,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FB
Ü
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis
DC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00DC
ü
Roman small letter u with diaeresis
FC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00FC
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
18
Table: ulit
Writing System: Ulithian Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ȧ
Roman capital letter A with dot above
-
0226
ȧ
Roman small letter a with dot above
-
0227
Ė
Roman capital letter E with dot above
CC (4,10), CB (13*)
0116
ė
Roman small letter e with dot above
EC (4,10), EB (13*)
0117
Ȯ
Roman capital letter O with dot above
-
022E
ȯ
Roman small letter o with dot above
-
022F
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
6
Table: ur
Writing System: Perso-Arabic [Urdu]
Romanization System: UN 1972 (II/11), 1977 (III/12)
Notes: 1, 3a, 4
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ḍ
Roman capital letter D with dot below
-
1E0C
ḍ
Roman small letter d with dot below
-
1E0D
ౄ
(Roman capital letter G with dot below)
-
0047+0323
(Roman small letter g with dot below)
-
0067+0323
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ḳ
Roman capital letter K with dot below
-
1E32
ḳ
Roman small letter k with dot below
-
1E33
Ṙ
Roman capital letter R with dot above
-
1E58
ṙ
Roman small letter r with dot above
-
1E59
Ṭ
Roman capital letter T with dot below
-
1E6C
ṭ
Roman small letter t with dot below
-
1E6D
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
Ẉ
Roman capital letter W with dot below
-
1E88
ẉ
Roman small letter w with dot below
-
1E89
Ỵ
Roman capital letter Y with dot below
-
1EF4
ỵ
Roman small letter y with dot below
-
1EF5
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
20
169
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Table: uz
Writing System: Uzbek Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a, 3b
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
G‘
(Roman capital letter G with inverted apostrophe)
-
(0047+02BB)
g‘
(Roman small letter g with inverted apostrophe)
-
(0067+02BB)
O‘
(Roman capital letter O with inverted apostrophe)
-
(004F+02BB)
o‘
(Roman small letter o with inverted apostrophe)
-
(006F+02BB)
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
4
Table: ve
Writing System: Venda Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ḓ
Roman capital letter D with circumflex below
-
1E12
ḓ
Roman small letter d with circumflex below
-
1E13
Ḽ
Roman capital letter L with circumflex below
-
1E3C
ḽ
Roman small letter l with circumflex below
-
1E3D
Ṅ
Roman capital letter N with dot above
-
1E44
ṅ
Roman small letter n with dot above
-
1E45
Ṋ
Roman capital letter N with circumflex below
-
1E4A
ṋ
Roman small letter n with circumflex below
-
1E4B
Ṱ
Roman capital letter T with circumflex below
-
1E70
ṱ
Roman small letter t with circumflex below
-
1E71
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
10
Table: vi
Writing System: Vietnamese Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
À
Roman capital letter A with grave
C0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C0
à
Roman small letter a with grave
E0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E0
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
Â
Roman capital letter A with circumflex
C2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C2
â
Roman small letter a with circumflex
E2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E2
Ầ
Roman capital letter A with circumflex and grave
-
1EA6
ầ
Roman small letter a with circumflex and grave
-
1EA7
Ấ
Roman capital letter A with circumflex and acute
-
1EA4
ấ
Roman small letter A with circumflex and acute
-
1EA5
Ẫ
Roman capital letter A with circumflex and tilde
-
1EAA
ẫ
Roman small letter a with circumflex and tilde
-
1EAB
Ẩ
Roman capital letter A with circumflex and hook above
-
1EA8
ẩ
Roman small letter a with circumflex and hook above
-
1EA9
Ậ
Roman capital letter A with circumflex and dot below
-
1EAC
ậ
Roman small letter a with circumflex and dot below
-
1EAD
Ã
Roman capital letter A with tilde
C3 (1,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C3
ã
Roman small letter a with tilde
E3 (1,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E3
Ă
Roman capital letter A with breve
C3 (2)
0102
ă
Roman small letter a with breve
E3 (2)
0103
170
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Ằ
Roman capital letter A with breve and grave
-
1EB0
ằ
Roman small letter a with breve and grave
-
1EB1
Ắ
Roman capital letter A with breve and acute
-
1EAE
ắ
Roman small letter a with breve and acute
-
1EAF
Ẵ
Roman capital letter A with breve and tilde
-
1EB4
ẵ
Roman small letter a with breve and tilde
-
1EB5
Ẳ
Roman capital letter A with breve and hook above
-
1EB2
ẳ
Roman small letter a with breve and hook above
-
1EB3
Ặ
Roman capital letter A with breve and dot below
-
1EB6
ặ
Roman small letter a with breve and dot below
-
1EB7
Ả
Roman capital letter A with hook above
-
1EA2
ả
Roman small letter a with hook above
-
1EA3
Ạ
Roman capital letter A with dot below
-
1EA0
ạ
Roman small letter a with dot below
-
1EA1
Đ
Roman capital letter D with stroke
D0 (2), A9 (10), A3 (14*)
0110
đ
Roman small letter d with stroke
F0 (2), B9 (10), A4 (14*)
0111
È
Roman capital letter E with grave
C8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C8
è
Roman small letter e with grave
E8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E8
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Ê
Roman capital letter E with circumflex
CA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CA
ê
Roman small letter e with circumflex
EA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EA
Ề
Roman capital letter E with circumflex and grave
-
1EC0
ề
Roman small letter e with circumflex and grave
-
1EC1
Ế
Roman capital letter E with circumflex and acute
-
1EBE
ế
Roman small letter e with circumflex and acute
-
1EBF
Ễ
Roman capital letter E with circumflex and tilde
-
1EC4
ễ
Roman small letter e with circumflex and tilde
-
1EC5
Ể
Roman capital letter E with circumflex and hook above
-
1EC2
ể
Roman small letter e with circumflex and hook above
-
1EC3
Ệ
Roman capital letter E with circumflex and dot below
-
1EC6
ệ
Roman small letter e with circumflex and dot below
-
1EC7
Ẽ
Roman capital letter E with tilde
-
1EBC
ẽ
Roman small letter e with tilde
-
1EBD
Ẻ
Roman capital letter E with hook above
-
1EBA
ẻ
Roman small letter e with hook above
-
1EBB
Ẹ
Roman capital letter E with dot below
-
1EB8
ẹ
Roman small letter e with dot below
-
1EB9
Ì
Roman capital letter I with grave
CC (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CC
ì
Roman small letter i with grave
EC (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EC
Í
Roman capital letter I with acute
CD (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CD
í
Roman small letter i with acute
ED (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00ED
Ĩ
Roman capital letter I with tilde
A5 (4,10)
0128
ĩ
Roman small letter i with tilde
B5 (4,10)
0129
Ỉ
Roman capital letter I with hook above
-
1EC8
ỉ
Roman small letter i with hook above
-
1EC9
Ị
Roman capital letter I with dot below
-
1ECA
ị
Roman small letter i with dot below
-
1ECB
Ò
Roman capital letter O with grave
D2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D2
ò
Roman small letter o with grave
F2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F2
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
171
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ô
Roman capital letter O with circumflex
D4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00D4
ô
Roman small letter o with circumflex
F4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00F4
Ồ
Roman capital letter O with circumflex and grave
-
1ED2
ồ
Roman small letter o with circumflex and grave
-
1ED3
Ố
Roman capital letter O with circumflex and acute
-
1ED0
ố
Roman small letter o with circumflex and acute
-
1ED1
Ỗ
Roman capital letter O with circumflex and tilde
-
1ED6
ỗ
Roman small letter o with circumflex and tilde
-
1ED7
Ổ
Roman capital letter O with circumflex and hook above
-
1ED4
ổ
Roman small letter o with circumflex and hook above
-
1ED5
Ộ
Roman capital letter O with circumflex and dot below
-
1ED8
ộ
Roman small letter o with circumflex and dot below
-
1ED9
Õ
Roman capital letter O with tilde
D5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D5
õ
Roman small letter o with tilde
F5 (1,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F5
Ỏ
Roman capital letter O with hook above
-
1ECE
ỏ
Roman small letter o with hook above
-
1ECF
Ơ
Roman capital letter O with horn
-
01A0
ơ
Roman small letter o with horn
-
01A1
Ờ
Roman capital letter O with horn and grave
-
1EDC
ờ
Roman small letter o with horn and grave
-
1EDD
Ớ
Roman capital letter O with horn and acute
-
1EDA
ớ
Roman small letter o with horn and acute
-
1EDB
Ỡ
Roman capital letter O with horn and tilde
-
1EE0
ỡ
Roman small letter o with horn and tilde
-
1EE1
Ở
Roman capital letter O with horn and hook above
-
1EDE
ở
Roman small letter o with horn and hook above
-
1EDF
Ợ
Roman capital letter O with horn and dot below
-
1EE2
ợ
Roman small letter o with horn and dot below
-
1EE3
Ọ
Roman capital letter O with dot below
-
1ECC
ọ
Roman small letter o with dot below
-
1ECD
Ù
Roman capital letter U with grave
D9 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D9
ù
Roman small letter u with grave
F9 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F9
Ú
Roman capital letter U with acute
DA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DA
ú
Roman small letter u with acute
FA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FA
Ũ
Roman capital letter U with tilde
DD (4), D7 (10)
0168
ũ
Roman small letter u with tilde
FD (4), F7 (10)
0169
Ủ
Roman capital letter U with hook above
-
1EE6
ủ
Roman small letter u with hook above
-
1EE7
Ư
Roman capital letter U with horn
-
01AF
ư
Roman small letter u with horn
-
01B0
Ừ
Roman capital letter U with horn and grave
-
1EEA
ừ
Roman small letter u with horn and grave
-
1EEB
Ứ
Roman capital letter U with horn and acute
-
1EE8
ứ
Roman small letter u with horn and acute
-
1EE9
Ữ
Roman capital letter U with horn and tilde
-
1EEE
ữ
Roman small letter u with horn and tilde
-
1EEF
Ử
Roman capital letter U with horn and hook above
-
1EEC
ử
Roman small letter u with horn and hook above
-
1EED
Ự
Roman capital letter U with horn and dot below
-
1EF0
ự
Roman small letter U with horn and dot below
-
1EF1
172
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Ụ
Roman capital letter U with dot below
-
1EE4
ụ
Roman small letter u with dot below
-
1EE5
Ỳ
Roman capital letter Y with grave
AC (12*)
1EF2
ỳ
Roman small letter y with grave
BC (12*)
1EF3
Ý
Roman capital letter Y with acute
DD (1,2,10,12*,14*)
00DD
ý
Roman small letter y with acute
FD (1,2,10,12*,14*)
00FD
Ỹ
Roman capital letter Y with tilde
-
1EF8
ỹ
Roman small letter y with tilde
-
1EF9
Ỷ
Roman capital letter Y with hook above
-
1EF6
ỷ
Roman small letter y with hook above
-
1EF7
Ỵ
Roman capital letter Y with dot below
-
1EF4
ỵ
Roman small letter y with dot below
-
1EF5
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
134
Table: wo
Writing System: Wolof Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a, 4
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Â
Roman capital letter A with circumflex
C2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C2
â
Roman small letter a with circumflex
E2 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E2
Ă
Roman capital letter A with breve
C3 (2)
0102
ă
Roman small letter a with breve
E3 (2)
0103
È
Roman capital letter E with grave
C8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C8
è
Roman small letter e with grave
E8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E8
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
ߜ
(Roman capital letter H with diaeresis below)
-
0048+0324
ߝ
(Roman small letter h with diaeresis below)
-
0068+0324
ࠬ
(Roman capital letter T with diaeresis below)
-
0054+0324
࠭
(Roman small letter t with diaeresis below)
-
0074+0324
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
12
Table: yap
Writing System: Yapese Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ä
Roman capital letter A with diaeresis
C4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C4
ä
Roman small letter a with diaeresis
E4 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E4
Ë
Roman capital letter E with diaeresis
CB (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CB
ë
Roman small letter e with diaeresis
EB (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00EB
Ö
Roman capital letter O with diaeresis
D6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D6
ö
Roman small letter o with diaeresis
F6 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F6
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
6
Table: yo
Writing System: Yoruba Extensions to Basic Roman
Notes: 3a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ẹ
Roman capital letter E with dot below
-
1EB8
ẹ
Roman small letter e with dot below
-
1EB9
173
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
Ọ
Roman capital letter O with dot below
-
1ECC
ọ
Roman small letter o with dot below
-
1ECD
Ṣ
Roman capital letter S with dot below
-
1E62
ṣ
Roman small letter s with dot below
-
1E63
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
6
Table: zh_R1
Writing System: Sino-Japanese [Chinese]
Romanization System: UN 1977 (III/8)3
Notes: 3a
Char.
Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
À
Roman capital letter A with grave
C0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C0
à
Roman small letter a with grave
E0 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E0
Á
Roman capital letter A with acute
C1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00C1
á
Roman small letter a with acute
E1 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00E1
Ā
Roman capital letter A with macron
C0 (4,10), C2 (13*)
0100
ā
Roman small letter a with macron
E0 (4,10), E2 (13*)
0101
Ǎ
Roman capital letter A with caron
-
01CD
ǎ
Roman small letter a with caron
-
01CE
È
Roman capital letter E with grave
C8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00C8
è
Roman small letter e with grave
E8 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00E8
É
Roman capital letter E with acute
C9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00C9
é
Roman small letter e with acute
E9 (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00E9
Ê
Roman capital letter E with circumflex
CA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CA
ê
Roman small letter e with circumflex
EA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EA
Ē
Roman capital letter E with macron
AA (4), A2 (10), C7 (13*)
0112
ē
Roman small letter e with macron
BA (4), B2 (10), E7 (13*)
0113
Ě
Roman capital letter E with caron
CC (2)
011A
ě
Roman small letter e with caron
EC (2)
011B
Ì
Roman capital letter I with grave
CC (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CC
ì
Roman small letter i with grave
EC (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EC
Í
Roman capital letter I with acute
CD (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00CD
í
Roman small letter i with acute
ED (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00ED
Ī
Roman capital letter I with macron
CF (4), A4 (10), CE (13*)
012A
ī
Roman small letter i with macron
EF (4), B4 (10), EE (13*)
012B
Ǐ
Roman capital letter I with caron
-
01CF
ǐ
Roman small letter i with caron
-
01D0
Ò
Roman capital letter O with grave
D2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D2
ò
Roman small letter o with grave
F2 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F2
Ó
Roman capital letter O with acute
D3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00D3
ó
Roman small letter o with acute
F3 (1,2,3,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00F3
Ō
Roman capital letter O with macron
D2 (4,10), D4 (13*)
014C
ō
Roman small letter o with macron
F2 (4,10), F4 (13*)
014D
Ǒ
Roman capital letter O with caron
-
01D1
ǒ
Roman small letter o with caron
-
01D2
Ù
Roman capital letter U with grave
D9 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00D9
ù
Roman small letter u with grave
F9 (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00F9
3 for completeness, Chinese tonal marks have been included in the above table, although these would not normally be
shown on geographical names
174
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Ú
Roman capital letter U with acute
DA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00DA
ú
Roman small letter u with acute
FA (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,14*)
00FA
Ū
Roman capital letter U with macron
DE (4), AE (10), DB (13*)
016A
ū
Roman small letter u with macron
FE (4), BE (10), FB (13*)
016B
Ü
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis
DC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00DC
ü
Roman small letter u with diaeresis
FC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00FC
Ǜ
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis and grave
-
01DB
ǜ
Roman small letter u with diaeresis and grave
-
01DC
Ǘ
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis and acute
-
01D7
ǘ
Roman small letter u with diaeresis and acute
-
01D8
Ǖ
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis and macron
-
01D5
ǖ
Roman small letter u with diaeresis and macron
-
01D6
Ǚ
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis and caron
-
01D9
ǚ
Roman small letter u with diaeresis and caron
-
01DA
Ǔ
Roman capital letter U with caron
-
01D3
ǔ
Roman small letter u with caron
-
01D4
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s:
52
Table: zh_R2
Writing System: Sino-Japanese [Chinese]
Romanization System: Modified Wade-Giles 1912
Notes: n/a
Char. Character Name
ISO 8859
ISO/Unic.
Ê
Roman capital letter E with circumflex
CA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00CA
ê
Roman small letter e with circumflex
EA (1,3,9,12*,14*)
00EA
Ŭ
Roman capital letter U with breve
DD (3)
016C
ŭ
Roman small letter u with breve
FD (3)
016D
Ü
Roman capital letter U with diaeresis
DC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00DC
ü
Roman small letter u with diaeresis
FC (1,2,3,4,9,10,12*,13*,14*)
00FC
N u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s: 6
175
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
C. Draft toponymic data exchange standard
Part 1 Data elements
The following data elements, identified in Resolution 4 of the first United Nations Conference on
the Standardization of Geographical Names, comprise the minimum set of critical geographic
names information for digital exchange.
1.0 GEOGRAPHIC NAME- the spelling of a standardized name referring to a feature.
Spellings of variant names, if any, follow the standardized name with suitable delimiters. An
explanatory note accompanying the data set must define all conventions used in the
presentation of GEOGRAPHIC NAME; e.g., sorting order, reversal of generic terms, meaning
of special flags such as asterisks, etc.
Data Type: text. An explanatory note accompanying the data set must define the text
format and encoding; e.g.,
char, ASCII
char, ISO 8859 (2)
char, KOI 8
wchar_t, ISO 10646
2.0 FEATURE TYPE
- a characterization of the kind of feature represented by
GEOGRAPHIC NAME. An explanatory note accompanying the data set must define the
characterization scheme employed.
Data Type: text
3.0 LOCATION - the position associated with GEOGRAPHIC NAME or FEATURE TYPE
expressed in latitude and longitude (based on the Prime Meridian, Greenwich). For most
toponymic data sets, the preferred format would be positions specified by degrees and minutes,
rounded down to the nearest integer minute. This format allows future update to include
seconds or decimal minutes. An explanatory note accompanying the data set must identify
alternate formats if applicable; e.g., decimal degrees, integer degrees and minutes, integer
degrees and decimal minutes, etc.
3.1 LATITUDE - the latitude value of LOCATION.
Data Type: integer
Domain:
90 00S <= LATITUDE <= 90 00N
3.2 LONGITUDE - the longitude value of LOCATION.
Data Type: integer
Domain:
180 00E <= LONGITUDE <= 180 00W
4.0 ADMINISTRATIVE AREA - an identification of the country and administrative division
in which LOCATION falls.
Data Type: text
Domain:
(the domain is the content of ISO/DIS 3166, Parts 1 and 2)
177
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
5.0 MAP SHEET REFERENCE - an identification of the sheet (within a standard national
map series) containing LOCATION. An explanatory note accompanying the data set must
provide citation for the referenced map series.
Data Type: text
Part 2 Metadata1
The notes to Part 1 of this annex refer to additional information required by the user of a data set
to interpret competently the data contained therein. This additional information is generally
referred to as metadata.
Metadata serves to answer four questions:
•
What sets of data exist for a geographic location?
•
Does a set of data meet a specific need?
•
How is a set of data acquired?
•
What information is required to process and use a set of data?
Metadata characterizing geographic names data sets would typically comprise the following
subsets:
•
Identification information - basic information about the data, including publisher.
•
Text encoding standard - identification of the national, international, or proprietary
standard used to represent the text digitally in the data set.
•
Data quality information - a general assessment of the quality (accuracy, currency) of
the data set.
•
Spatial data organization (if applicable) - the mechanism (text, point, vector, raster)
used to represent spatial data in the data set.
•
Spatial reference information (if applicable) - the description of the reference frame for
coordinates in the data set.
•
Entity and attribute information - the description of the content of a data set including
entity types, their attributes and domains (Part 1 of this Annex qualifies as entity and
attribute metadata).
•
Software information - identification of the software configuration used to create the
data set, including identification of operating system and application.
•
Distribution information - information about the distribution of and options for
obtaining the data set.
Part 15 of ISO 15046 is a draft standard for metadata pertaining to geographic information. It is
based largely on the Metadata Standard developed by the United States Federal Geographic Data
Committee (FGDC). While it was beyond the scope of the UNGEGN Working Group on
Toponymic Data Exchange Formats and Standards to define rigorously a metadata standard
specific to toponymic data, it is appropriate and necessary to emphasize the importance of
describing the content of geographic names data sets in sufficient detail to ensure their utility in a
program of exchange of digital information.
1 The information presented here is summarized from Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata, Federal
Geographic Data Committee (USA), April, 1997
178
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Part 3 Illustration
The following listing is an abbreviated example of a print-out of a digital toponymic data set
adhering to the guidelines recommended by the Working Group. Two files are represented; the
first is the toponymic data, the second is a text file (conventionally known as a “readme” file)
containing the metadata necessary for a recipient to determine the data’s content and utility.
These examples are provided for the sole purpose of illustration.
Data.txt
Aakre Peatus
RSTP
5804N
2616E
EE
19 NO35-05
Aaksi Saar → Aksi
ISL
5935N
2505E
EE
01 NO35-01
Aamse
PPLX
5855N
2342E
EE
07 NO34-06
Aamsi → Aamse
PPLX
5855N
2342E
EE
07 NO34-06
Aandu
PPL
5909N
2443E
EE
13 NO35-01
Aardla
PPL
5818N
2646E
EE
18 NO35-05
Readme.txt
This file describes the content, lineage, and utility of the toponymic data contained in the file
data.txt.
Data Identification: Place name spellings for features in Estonia.
Text encoding standard: Eight-bit ASCII (ISO 8859 Latin 1). Two characters (Roman
small letter c with caron; Roman small letter i with macron) are encoded in a proprietary
scheme, and may be viewed using the Monotype Special G1 family of fonts.
Data quality: Name spellings are current for most features as of 1993, and have been taken
from the following authoritative Estonian sources:
Eesti Topograafiline Kaart, 1:200,000, 1993.
Eesti Ülevaatekaart, 1:400,000, 1993.
Eesti Sood, 1:400,000, 1993.
Eesti Veed, 1:400,000, 1991.
Settlement names were taken from a list provided by Eesti Keele Instituut, Tallinn, in 1994.
Data organization: Data is provided alphabetically by name spelling. Data elements within
a record are tab delimited (ASCII character 09). Records are delimited by carriage return
(ASCII character 0D) Single geographic coordinates are provided for each record.
Data reference: Coordinates are referenced to the World Geodetic System 1984.
Entity and attribute information: Each record contains the following data elements and
associated attributes:
Geographic name. Name spellings conform to standard Estonian orthography with the
exception that initial letters of generic terms are capitalized. Variant names are cross
referenced to standard names by use of the greater than sign (ASCII character 3E).
Feature type. A five character designation denoting the type of feature to which the
name refers. The designation scheme is that employed by the U.S. Board on
Geographic Names in its data base of foreign geographic names. This data element is
179
Toponymic data transfer standards and formats
left justified, and space filled (ASCII character 20) in cases where the designation is
fewer than five characters.
Latitude. The geographic latitude of the named feature, taken at the centre of spot and
areal features, and at one end of linear features. The data element is five characters in
length; the first two represent integer degrees, the second two integer minutes (rounded
down), and the fifth the compass point N.
Longitude. The geographic longitude of the named feature, taken at the centre of spot
and areal features, and at one end of linear features. The data element is five characters
in length; the first two represent integer degrees, the second two integer minutes
(rounded down), and the fifth the compass point E.
Country code. The country code digraph taken from ISO 3166 “Codes for the
representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.”
Administrative division code. The two character administrative division code taken
from ISO 3166 “Codes for the representation of names of countries and their
subdivisions.” The administrative division identified for each name is the division in
which the geographic location for the record falls. Features that cross administrative or
international boundaries are given the general code 00.
Map sheet reference. The map sheet number of the standard 1:250,000 map series on
which the geographic coordinate of the record falls. The feature and its name may not
necessarily actually appear on the referenced sheet.
Software requirements. This data set was compiled using Microsoft Word 7.0 for
Windows 95. The only known special requirement is the use of the Monotype Special G1
font for display of certain characters.
Distribution information. There are no restrictions on the distribution and use of the
information contained in these data sets. Additional copies of this data set may be obtained
from the producer.
Producer point of contact. This data set was produced by the staff of the Foreign Names
Committee of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. Questions, corrections, and requests
for additional information may be referred to:
Executive Secretary for Foreign Names
U.S. Board on Geographic Names
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
Political Geography Division (PRP)
4600 Sangamore Road
Bethesda, Maryland 20816-5003
USA
180
Part three
Names of countries of the world
(abridged version)
***
Introduction
Table of country names
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Introduction
During its sixteenth session held in New York in August and September 1992, the United Nations
Group of Experts on Geographical Names decided to form a working group whose purpose would be
to establish the official forms of country names. The Working Group on Country Names was given the
task of updating a list of country names that had been drawn up in 1986.
Part three of the Technical Reference Manual constitutes an abridged and updated version of
the report entitled “List of country names” presented at the Eighth United Nations Conference on the
Standardization of Geographical Names held in Berlin from 27 August to 5 September 2002 (document
E/CONF.94/CRP.11). It lists the names of 193 independent States generally recognized by the
international community in the language or languages used in an official capacity within each country and
is current as of August 2006.
Format
Entries for each country are organized as follows:
The first column provides the name of the country as used in English by the United Nations,
preceded by its two-letter country code as found in the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) 3166 standard. The countries are listed in alphabetical order according to their name in English.
The asterisk after the name “Holy See” indicates that it is not a member of the United Nations.
The second column provides the English name of the country’s language(s), preceded by
its/their two-letter language code(s) as found in the ISO 639 standard. Where ISO codes are not
available, the language names provided in English are derived from the best available sources.
When more than one language is used by a country, the languages are listed in the alphabetical
order of the ISO 639 codes.
In the third and fourth columns, countries are listed in their short name (common or colloquial
usage) and their formal name (full name as used in an official diplomatic context) in the official
language(s) of each country.
The names of countries using the Roman alphabet are written in upright characters, with all
diacritical marks and special characters retained.
183
Names of countries of the world (abridged version)
The names of countries using a writing system other than the Roman alphabet have been
romanized according to the systems approved by the United Nations.1 For those languages without a
United Nations-approved romanization system, the most widely used international system is applied.
A question mark (?) denotes the absence of a known established name in a given language.
The Group of Experts Working Group on Country Names welcomes any comments aimed at
improving or updating the list.
1 See part one of this Manual. Updates on the current status of United Nations romanization systems for
geographical names are available from the website of the Group of Experts Working Group on Romanization Systems
184
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
Table of country names
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