|
|
|
S E C T I O N 5 . 8 • Forces of Friction 137 We take an average value of acceleration of # 8.4 m/s 2 , which is approximately 0.86g. We then calculate the co- #F " - s mg " ma, which gives - s " 0.86 for the Toyota. This is lower than the rubber- on-concrete value given in Table 5.2. Can you think of any We now estimate the stopping distance of the car if the wheels were skidding. From Table 5.2, we see that the dif- k & 0.66. This allows us to estimate the stopping distances when the wheels are locked and the car skids across the Because an ABS keeps the wheels rotating, the higher coefficient of static friction is maintained between the tires Figure 5.22 is a plot of vehicle speed versus distance from where the brakes were applied (at an initial speed of Initial Speed Stopping Distance (mi/h) (m/s) (ft) (m) 30 13.4 34 10.4 # 8.63 60 26.8 143 43.6 # 8.24 80 35.8 251 76.5 # 8.38 Data for a Toyota Corolla: Table 5.3 Stopping Distance no skid (m) skidding (m) 30 10.4 13.9 60 43.6 55.5 80 76.5 98.9 Stopping Distance With and Without Skidding Table 5.4 Speed (m/s) 40 20 0 0 50 100 Distance from point of application of brakes (m) ABS, amateur driver Professional driver Amateur driver Figure 5.22 This plot of vehicle speed versus distance from the location at which the brakes were applied shows that an antilock braking system (ABS) approaches the per- formance of a trained professional driver. Acceleration (m/s 2 ) Initial Speed (mi/h) |