pull-up torque
the minimum torque gen-
erated by an AC motor as the rotor accel-
erates from rest to the speed of breakdown
torque. For an induction motor, this value
usually is less than the locked-rotor torque,
and thus establishes the maximum load that
can be started.
pulse
a sudden change of an electrical
value of short duration with a quick return
to the original value. A pulse injects a short
sharp burst of energy into a system and is
usually quantified by its area rather than its
amplitude or its duration. In the limit as the
amplitude tends to infinity and the duration
to zero, it approaches the Dirac delta function
whose Laplace transform is unity.
pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)
a
process in which an analog signal is sampled,
the sampled values are then used to modulate
the amplitudes of pulses. PAM is one type of
analog pulse modulation, which is different
from pulse code modulation.
pulse broadening
See
pulse distortion
.
pulse code modulation (PCM)
a process
in which an analog signal is sampled, the
sampled value is then quantized, the quan-
tized level is (usually binary) encoded, and
finally the code is represented by pulses ex-
hibiting amplitude, phase or frequency mod-
ulation.
pulse compression
technique of correlat-
ing identically coded signals, such as chirp
signals, to produce a sharply peaked corre-
lation function, the peak width being much
shorter than that of the original coded pulses
by a ratio equal to the time-bandwidth of the
coded signals.
pulse distortion
a spreading or lengthen-
ing of the temporal shape of an optical signal
transmitted through an optical fiber caused
by a combination of wavelength effects (dis-
persion) and multimode and polarization ef-
fects. Also called pulse broadening.
pulse Doppler
a coherent radar, usually
having high pulse repetition rate and duty
cycle and capable of measuring the Doppler
frequency from a moving target. Has good
clutter suppression and thus can see a moving
target in spite of background reflections.
pulse forming network (PFN)
(1) a trans-
mission line with different impedance along
its length.
(2) a lumped element circuit consisting of
inductors and capacitors designed to deliver
a square pulse.
pulse number of a converter
number of
ripples in DC voltage per cycle of AC voltage.
A three-phase, two-way bridge is a six-pulse
converter.
pulse propagation
time and space depen-
dence of a travelling electromagnetic pulse.
pulse shape
refers to the time domain
characteristics of a pulse that is typically used
to transmit data symbols over a channel. In
most cases the pulse is shaped using a trans-
mitter filter so that it satisfies the Nyquist I
criterion for zero intersymbol interference.
pulse spreading
increase with time or dis-
tance of the length of a propagating electro-
magnetic pulse.
pulse width
width of the temporal region
over which a pulse has significant amplitude;
sometimes represented more specifically as,
for example, full width at half maximum.
pulse width modulated inverter
an in-
verter that uses pulse width modulation to
create AC voltages from a DC supply. See
also
pulse-width modulation
.
pulse-code modulation (PCM)
(1) a dig-
ital encoding technique whereby an analog
signal is converted into a sequence of digital
c
2000 by CRC Press LLC