E
E modes
the wave solutions with the zero
magnetic field component along the direction
of propagation. Also known as transverse
magnetic (TM) modes.
E plane
in measuring an antenna’s radia-
tion pattern, the plane that contains the cur-
rent in the element and therefore the electric
field intensity vector field. This plane is per-
pendicular to the H plane cut.
E-beam excitation
See
electron beam
excitation
.
E-plane sectoral horn
a horn antenna
where the aperture is formed by flaring the
walls in the direction of the E plane. The H-
plane dimension is left unchanged from that
of the waveguide feed.
early stopping
a technique applied to net-
work training that is aimed at assuring good
generalization performance. Training on a
finite set of data eventually leads to over-
fitting, and this can be avoided by period-
ically assessing generalization performance
on a set of test data. As training proceeds,
network performance on both the training set
and the test set gradually improves, but even-
tually performance on the test set begins to
deteriorate, indicating that training should be
stopped. The set of network weights that give
the best performance on the test data should
be employed in the trained network.
early vision
the set of (mainly perceptual)
processes occurring at an early stage of the
vision process, typically at the retinal level.
EAROM
electrically alterable program-
mable read-only memory. See also
electro-
nically erasable programmable read-only
memory
.
earth electrode system
a network of elec-
trically interconnected rods, plates, mats, or
grids installed for the purpose of establishing
a low-resistance contact with earth. The de-
sign objective for resistance to earth of this
subsystem should not exceed 10
.
Earth station
the interface point for com-
munications to and from a satellite. An earth
station (also known as a hub) consists of an
antenna and transmit and receive subsystems.
earth wire
an overhead wire which is
maintained at ground potential for purposes
of lightning shielding and system grounding.
earthing
See
grounding
.
EBCDIC
See
extended binary-coded-
decimal inter-change code
.
ebullient heat transfer
the heat transfer
process associated with the formation and re-
lease of vapor bubbles on a heated surface.
ECC
See
error-correcting code
.
ECG
See
electrocardiography
.
echo cancellation
technique that re-
moves the unwanted effects that result from
impedance mismatch. Echo cancellation fre-
quently makes use of adaptive filtering algo-
rithms that can be realized by digital filters.
echo canceller
in telephony, a filter that
removes echoes caused by leakage of the
transmitted signal through a hybrid. The hy-
brid is the interface between two wire (lo-
cal) and four wire (long-distance) facilities,
and separates inbound and outbound signals.
Echo cancellers are used in analog telephony
to cancel echoes from signals that traverse
the entire round-trip connection, and in full-
duplex voiceband modems, where the echo is
due to leakage through the near-end hybrid.
c
2000 by CRC Press LLC