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i, j ∈ Z + (the set of nonnegative integers) is called a full-order asymptotic observer of the Ex i+1,j+1 = A 1 x i+1,j + A 2 x i,j+1 + B 1 u i+1,j + B 2 u i,j+1 y i,j = Cx i,j + Du i,j i, j ∈ Z + if lim i,j→∞ x i,j − ˆx i,j = 0 for any u i,j , y i,j and boundary conditions x i0 for i ∈ Z + and x 0 j for j ∈ Z + where z i,j ∈ R n is the local state vector of the ob- server at the point (i, j), u ij ∈ R m is the input, y i,j ∈ R p is the output, and x i,j ∈ R n is the local semistate vector of the model, F 1 , F 2 , G 1 , G 2 , H 1 , H 2 , L, K, E, A 1 , A 2 , B 1 , B 2 , C, D are real matrices of appropriate dimen- E possibly singular or rectangular. In a similar way a full-order asymptotic ob- asymptotic stability (1) an equilibrium state of a system of ordinary differential eq is asymptotically stable if it is stable and x (t) → x eq as t → ∞ . (2) a measure of system damping with re- gard to a power system’s ability to reach its asymptotic tracking refers to the abil- ity of a unity feedback control to follow its asymptotically stable equilibrium a sta- ble equilibrium point such that all solutions that start “sufficiently close,” approach this asymptotically stable in the large the equilibrium state of a stable dynamic system < n . See also asymptotically stable state the equilib- rium state of a dynamic system described by a and asynchronous not synchronous. asynchronous AC systems AC systems either with different operating frequencies or asynchronous bus a bus in which the timing of bus transactions is achieved with asynchronous circuit (1) a sequential logic circuit without a system clock. (2) a circuit implementing an asyn- chronous system. asynchronous demodulation a tech- nique for extracting the information-carrying See also c 2000 by CRC Press LLC |