Suzuki Grand Vitara JB416 / JB420. Manual - part 97

1D-56 Engine Mechanical: For M16A Engine with VVT

Crankshaft Inspection

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Crankshaft Runout
Using a dial gauge, measure runout at center journal. 
Rotate crankshaft slowly. If runout exceeds its limit, 
replace crankshaft.

Crankshaft runout
Limit: 0.02 mm (0.0008 in.)

Crankshaft Thrust Play

1) Measure this play with crankshaft set in cylinder 

block in the normal manner, that is with thrust 
bearing (1) and journal bearing caps installed.

Thickness of crankshaft thrust bearing
Standard: 2.500 mm (0.0984 in.)
Oversize (0.125 mm (0.0049 in.)): 2.563 mm 
(0.1009 in.)

2) Tighten main bearing cap No.1 bolts (1) – (10) and 

main bearing cap No.2 bolts (11) – (20) gradually as 
follows.

NOTE
If main bearing cap No.1 bolt is reused, make 
sure to check main bearing cap No.1 bolt for 
deformation referring to “Main Bearing Cap 
No.1 Bolt” under “Main Bearings Inspection: 
For M16A Engine with VVT”.

 

a) Tighten bolts (1) – (10) to 30 N

⋅m (3.0 kgf-m, 

22.0 lb-ft) according to numerical order in the 
figure.

b) In the same manner as in Step a), tighten them 

to 50 N

⋅m (5.0 kgf-m, 36.5 lb-ft).

c) In the same manner as in Step a), retighten them 

to 60

°.

d) Tighten bolts (11) – (20) to 25 N

⋅m (2.5 kgf-m, 

18.0 lb-ft) according to numerical order in the 
figure.

Tightening torque
Main bearing cap No.1 bolt ((1) – (10)):  30 
N

⋅m (3.0 kgf-m, 22.0 lb-ft), 50 N⋅m (5.0 kgf-m, 

36.5 lb-ft) and then retighten by turning 
through 60

°

Main bearing cap No.2 bolt ((11) – (20)):  25 
N·m (2.5 kgf-m, 18.0 lb-ft)

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Engine Mechanical: For M16A Engine with VVT 1D-57

3) Use a dial gauge to read displacement in axial 

(thrust) direction of crankshaft.
If its limit is exceeded, replace thrust bearing with 
new standard one or oversize one to obtain standard 
thrust play.

Crankshaft thrust play
Standard: 0.11 – 0.31 mm (0.0043 – 0.0122 in.)
Limit: 0.35 mm (0.0138 in.)

NOTE
After checking the thrust play, make sure that 
thread deformation of each bearing cap No.1 
bolt referring to “Main Bearing Cap No.1 
Bolt” in “Main Bearings Inspection: For M16A 
Engine with VVT”.

 

Out-of-Round and Taper (Uneven Wear) of Journals
An unevenly worn crankshaft journal shows up as a 
difference in diameter at a cross section or along its 
length (or both). This difference, if any, is determined by 
taking micrometer readings. If any one of journals is 
badly damaged or if amount of uneven wear in the sense 
exceeds its limit, regrind or replace crankshaft.

Crankshaft out-of-round and taper
Limit: 0.01 mm (0.0004 in.)

Out-of-round
A – B

Taper
a – b

Main Bearings Inspection

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General Information
• Service main bearings are available in standard size 

and 0.25 mm (0.0098 in.) undersize, and each of them 
has 5 kinds of bearings differing in tolerance.

• Upper half of bearing (1) has oil groove (2) as shown 

in the figure.
Install this half with oil groove to cylinder block.

• Lower half of bearing does not have an oil groove.

Visual Inspection
Check bearings for pitting, scratches, wear or damage. 
If any malcondition is found, replace both upper and 
lower halves. Never replace either half without replacing 
the other half.

Main Bearing Clearance

NOTE
Do not rotate crankshaft while gauging 
plastic is installed.

 

Check clearance by using gauging plastic according to 
the following procedure.

1) Remove bearing caps.
2) Clean bearings and main journals.
3) Place a piece of gauging plastic (1) the full width of 

bearing (parallel to crankshaft) on journal, avoiding 
oil hole.

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1D-58 Engine Mechanical: For M16A Engine with VVT

4) Tighten main bearing cap No.1 bolts (1) – (10) and 

main bearing cap No.2 bolts (11) – (20) gradually as 
follows.

NOTE
If main bearing cap No.1 bolt is reused, make 
sure to check main bearing cap No.1 bolt for 
deformation referring to “Main Bearing Cap 
No.1 Bolt” under “Main Bearings Inspection: 
For M16A Engine with VVT”.

 

a) Tighten bolts (1) – (10) to 30 N

⋅m (3.0 kgf-m, 

22.0 lb-ft) according to numerical order in the 
figure.

b) In the same manner as in Step a), tighten them 

to 50 N

⋅m (5.0 kgf-m, 36.5 lb-ft).

c) In the same manner as in Step a), retighten them 

to 60

°.

d) Tighten bolts (11) – (20) to 25 N

⋅m (2.5 kgf-m, 

18.0 lb-ft) according to numerical order in the 
figure.

Tightening torque
Main bearing cap No.1 bolt ((1) – (10)):  30 
Nm (3.0 kgf-m, 22.0 lb-ft), 50 Nm (5.0 kgf-m, 
36.5 lb-ft) and then retighten by turning 
through 60

°

Main bearing cap No.2 bolt ((11) – (20)):  25 
N·m (2.5 kgf-m, 18.0 lb-ft)

5) Remove bearing caps and using scale (1) on 

gauging plastic envelop (2), measure gauging plastic 
width at its widest point. If clearance exceeds its 
limit, replace bearing. Always replace both upper 
and lower inserts as a unit.
A new standard bearing may produce proper 
clearance. If not, it will be necessary to regrind 
crankshaft journal for use of 0.25 mm undersize 
bearing.
After selecting new bearing, recheck clearance.

Main bearing clearance
Standard: 0.021 – 0.041 mm (0.0008 – 0.0016 in.)
Limit: 0.054 mm (0.0021 in.)

Selection of Main Bearings
Standard bearing
If bearing is in malcondition, or bearing clearance is out 
of specification, select a new standard bearing according 
to the following procedure and install it.

1) First check journal diameter. As shown in the figure, 

crank web No.2 has stamped numbers.
Three kinds of numbers (“1”, “2” and “3”) represent 
the following journal diameters.
Stamped numbers on crank web No.2 represent 
journal diameters marked with an arrow in the figure 
respectively. For example, stamped number “1” 
indicates that corresponding journal diameter is 
51.9940 – 52.0000 mm (2.0471 – 2.0472 in.).

Crankshaft journal diameter

2) Next, check bearing cap bore diameter without 

bearing. On mating surface of cylinder block, five 
alphabets are stamped as shown in the figure.

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Stamped 
numbers

Journal diameter

1

51.9940 – 52.0000 mm

(2.0471 – 2.0472 in.)

2

51.9880 – 51.9939 mm

(2.0468 – 2.0470 in.)

3

51.9820 – 51.9879 mm

(2.0465 – 2.0467 in.)

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Engine Mechanical: For M16A Engine with VVT 1D-59

Three kinds of alphabets (“A”, “B” and “C”) or 
numbers (“1”, “2” and “3”) represent the following 
cap bore diameters.
Stamped alphabets or numbers on cylinder block 
represent bearing cap bore diameter marked with an 
arrow in the figure respectively.
For example, stamped “A” or “1” indicates that 
corresponding bearing cap bore diameter is 56.0000 
– 56.0060 mm (2.2048 – 2.2049 in.).

Crankshaft bearing cap bore

3) There are 5 kinds of standard bearings differing in 

thickness. To distinguish them, they are painted in 
the following colors at the position as indicated in the 
figure.
Each color indicated the following thickness at the 
center of bearing.

Standard size of crankshaft main bearing 
thickness

4) From number stamped on crank web No.2 and 

alphabets stamped on cylinder block, determine new 
standard bearing to be installed to journal, by 
referring to the table shown.
For example, if number stamped on crank web No.2 
is “1” and alphabet stamped on cylinder block is “B”, 
install a new standard bearing painted in “Brown” to 
its journal.

New standard size crankshaft main bearing 
specification

5) Using scale (1) on gauging plastic (2), check bearing 

clearance with newly selected standard bearing.
If clearance still exceeds its limit, use next thicker 
bearing and recheck clearance.

6) When replacing crankshaft or cylinder block due to 

any reason, select new standard bearings to be 
installed by referring to number stamped on new 
crankshaft or alphabets stamped on new cylinder 
block.

Stamped 

alphabet 

(number)

Bearing cap bore diameter (without 

bearing)

A (1)

56.0000 – 56.0060 mm

(2.2048 – 2.2049 in.)

B (2)

56.0061 – 56.0120 mm

(2.2050 – 2.2051 in.)

C (3)

56.0121 – 56.0180 mm

(2.2052 – 2.2054 in.)

Color 

painted

Bearing thickness

Purple

1.992 – 1.996 mm (0.07843 – 0.07858 in.)

Brown

1.995 – 1.999 mm (0.07855 – 0.07870 in.)

Green

1.998 – 2.002 mm (0.07867 – 0.07882 in.)

Black

2.001 – 2.005 mm (0.07878 – 0.07893 in.)

Colorless 
(no paint)

2.004 – 2.008 mm (0.07890 – 0.07906 in.)

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1. Paint

Number stamped on crank 

web No.2 (Journal diameter)

1

2

3

Alphabet 

stamped on 

cylinder block 

(Cap bore dia.)

A (1) Purple

Brown

Green

B (2) Brown

Green

Black

C (3) Green

Black

Colorless

New standard bearing to be 

installed

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