Volvo V90 Recharge Plug-in Hybrid (2021 year). Manual in english - page 27

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Hill Start Assist

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464

Gearbox

The gearbox is part of the car's powertrain
(power transmission) between engine and
drive wheels. The function of the gearbox is
to change the gear ratio depending on speed
and power requirements.

The car has an eight-speed automatic gear-
box, and an electric motor for rear-wheel drive.
The number of gear changes means that the
engine's torque and power range can be used
effectively.

Two of the gears are overdrive gears that save
fuel when driving at constant engine speed.
Both the gear lever and the shift paddles can
be used to shift up or down manually. The
driver display shows the selected gear posi-
tion.

Related information

•

Gear shift indicator (p. 469)

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Automatic gearbox

Gears are selected automatically so that you
can drive as energy-efficiently as possible.
The gearbox also has a manual gearshift
mode.

Overview of gear lever and shift pattern in the driver

display.

The driver display shows the selected gear
position:

Related information

•

Changing gear with steering wheel pad-
dles

•

(p. 466)

•

Gear selector inhibitor (p. 468)

•

Kick-down function (p. 468)

•

Launch function

(p. 468)

•

Gear shift indicator (p. 469)

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Symbols and messages for automatic
gearbox (p. 469)

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465

Changing gear with automatic

gearbox

Change gear position by pressing the spring-
loaded gear selector forwards or backwards,
or sideways for manual shifting.

Changing gear

Overview of gear lever and gear positions.

Gear positions

Parking – P

Overview of gear lever and position P.

Parking is activated with the

button located

next to the gear selector.

The gearbox is mechanically blocked when the

position is engaged.

Select position

for parking. The car can start

in position

. The car must be stationary when

the

position is selected.

To park - first apply the parking bake and then
select

position.

WARNING

Always use the parking brake when park-

ing on an inclined surface. Engaging a gear

or the automatic transmission's

position

is not sufficient to hold the car stationary in

all situations.

To be able to lock the car and arm the
alarm, the gear position must be in

Help functions

The system will change to the

position auto-

matically:

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if the car is switched off in position

•

if the driver unfastens the seatbelt and
opens the driver's door when the car is
running in a mode other than

To park a car without wearing the seatbelt and
with the door open - exit the

position by

selecting

again.

If the car is switched off in

position there is

no automatic change-over to

position. This

makes it possible to wash the car in an auto-
matic car wash.

Reverse – R

Select position

to reverse. The car must be

stationary when the

position is selected.

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Neutral – N

The car freewheels in position

. The car can

start in position

. Apply the parking brake if

the car is stationary with the gear selector in
the

position.

In order to change from

position to another

gear position, the brake pedal must be
depressed and the ignition position must be

Drive position - D

is the normal driving position. Shifting up

and down takes place automatically based on
the level of acceleration and speed.

The car must be stationary when changing
gear from

position to

position.

Brake – B

Overview of brake positions in the driver display.

position, it is possible to change gear

manually. The car brakes using its electric

motor when the accelerator pedal is released,
while also charging the hybrid battery.

Position

is selected by moving the gear

selector backwards from the

position.

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Press the gear selector to the right to "

(plus) to change up one step and release
it.

•

Press the gear selector to the left to "

–

(minus) to change down one step and
release it.

•

Press the gear selector backwards to
return to the

position.

The gearbox automatically shifts down if the
speed decreases to a level lower than appro-
priate for the selected gear, in order to avoid
jerking and stalling.

Related information

•

Gear selector inhibitor (p. 468)

•

•

Changing gear with steering wheel pad-
dles

(p. 466)

•

Kick-down function (p. 468)

Changing gear with steering wheel

paddles

The steering wheel paddles are a comple-
ment to the gear selector and make it possi-
ble to change gear manually without releas-
ing hands from the steering wheel.

The function is available in position

": Selects the next lower gear.

": Selects the next higher gear.

Switch

To change gear:

–

Pull one of the paddles backwards -
towards the steering wheel - and release.

A gear change occurs at each pull of the pad-
dle, provided that the engine speed does not
leave the permitted range. The driver display
shows the current gear.

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467

position the steering wheel paddles are

automatically activated.

Driver display when changing gear with steering

wheel paddles in manual gearshift mode.

Activating the steering wheel paddles
in position D

To be able to change gear with the steering
wheel paddles, they must be activated:

–

Pull one of the paddles toward the steer-
ing wheel.
> A figure in the driver display indicates

current gear.

Driver display when changing gear with steering

wheel paddles.

Deactivating the steering wheel
paddles in position D

Manual deactivation

–

Pull the right-hand paddle (

) toward the

steering wheel and hold in place until the
number in the driver display extinguishes.
> The gearbox returns to position

Automatic deactivation

The steering wheel paddles are deactivated
after a short time if they are not used. This is
indicated by means of the figure for the cur-
rent gear extinguishing. The exception is dur-
ing engine braking - then the paddles are acti-
vated for as long as engine braking is in pro-
gress.

Related information

•

•

Gear shift indicator (p. 469)

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Gear selector inhibitor

The gear selector inhibitor prevents acciden-
tal changing between different gear positions
in an automatic gearbox.

Automatic gear selector inhibitor

The automatic gear selector inhibitor has spe-
cial safety systems.

From park position – P or neutral position –
N

In order to move the gear selector from

position to another gear position, the brake
pedal must be depressed and the ignition
position must be

. For some gearbox vari-

ants, the engine must be running.

If the gear selector is in the

position and the

car has been stationary for at least 3 seconds
(irrespective of whether the engine is running)
then the gear selector is locked.

Message in the driver display

If the gear selector is inhibited a message is
shown in the driver display e.g.

Gear lever

Press brake pedal to activate gear lever

The gear selector is not inhibited mechanically.

Related information

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Kick-down function

Kick-down can be used when maximum
acceleration is needed such as for overtaking.

When the accelerator pedal is pressed all the
way to the floor (beyond the position normally
regarded as full acceleration) a lower gear is
immediately engaged. This is known as kick-
down.

If the accelerator is released from the kick-
down position, the gearbox automatically
changes up.

Safety function

To prevent over-revving of the engine, the
gearbox control program has a protective
downshift inhibitor.

The gearbox does not permit downshifting/
kick-down which would result in an engine
speed high enough to damage the engine.
Nothing happens if the driver still tries to shift
down in this way at high engine speed – the
original gear remains engaged.

On kick-down the car can shift down one or
more steps at a time, depending in engine
speed. The car shifts up when the engine has
reached is maximum engine speed in order to
prevent engine damage.

Related information

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Launch function

Launch can be used when maximum acceler-
ation is required from stationary. The function
is available in the following drive modes:

Hybrid

Constant AWD

Power

and

Individual

Activate Launch

Make sure the car is stationary and the wheels
are pointing straight forward.

1. Move to gear position

2. Depress the brake pedal fully.

3. Then fully depress the accelerator pedal.

4. Release the brake pedal within 2 seconds.

If the Launch function does not work, wait
a few minutes and let the drivetrain cool
down to working temperature before retry-
ing.

IMPORTANT

The drivetrain is subject to wear and tear
when using Launch and therefore the func-
tion is only available a limited number of
times.

Related information

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Symbols and messages for

automatic gearbox

If a fault should occur in the gearbox, a sym-
bol and a message are shown in the driver
display.

IMPORTANT

To prevent damage to any drive system
components, the working temperature of
the gearbox is checked. If there is a risk of
overheating, a warning symbol illuminates
in the driver display and a text message is
shown - follow the recommendation given.

Symbol Specification

An error has occurred in the
transmission.

Read the message in the driver
display.

Hot or overheated gearbox.

Read the message in the driver
display.

Temporary fault on drivetrain.

Read the message in the driver
display.

Related information

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Gear shift indicator

The gear shift indicator in the driver display
shows the current gear during manual gear-
shifting and when it is appropriate to engage
the next gear for optimum fuel economy.

For eco-driving during manual gear changing,
it is important to drive in the right gear and to
change gear in good time.

Gear shift indicator in the driver display

The gear shift indicator is shown in gear posi-
tion

. The gear shift indicator shows the cur-

rent gear in the driver display and indicates
recommended shifting to a higher gear by a
flashing plus sign.

Related information

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All-wheel drive

All-wheel drive (AWD

) means that the car is

driving all four wheels at the same time,
which improves traction.

The electric motor that drives the rear wheels
enables electric all-wheel drive functionality.
All-wheel drive characteristics vary depending
on the selected drive mode.

Related information

•

General information on electric drive
(p. 428)

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Gearbox (p. 464)

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470

Drive systems

The car combines an internal combustion
engine that drives the front wheels with an
electric motor that drives the rear wheels.

Two drive systems

Depending on the driver-selected drive mode
and available electric energy, the two drive
systems can be used either individually or in
parallel.

The electric motor is supplied its energy from
a hybrid battery fitted in the tunnel console.
The hybrid battery can be charged in a wall
socket, or in a special charging station. The
internal combustion engine can also charge
the hybrid battery with a special high-voltage
generator.

Both the internal combustion engine and elec-
tric motor can generate motive force directly
to the wheels. An advanced control system
combines the properties of both drive systems
in order to provide optimum driving economy.

Hybrid battery - The function of the hybrid
battery is to store energy. It receives
energy when charging from the mains
power circuit, during regenerative braking
or from the high-voltage generator. It pro-
vides energy for electric operation as well
as for temporarily operating the electric air
conditioning during the preconditioning of
the passenger compartment.
Internal combustion engine - The internal
combustion engine starts when the
energy level in the hybrid battery is insuffi-
cient for the engine power that the driver
requests.
High voltage generator

- Charges the

hybrid battery. Starter motor for the inter-
nal combustion engine. Can support the

internal combustion engine with extra
electrical energy.
Electric motor - Powers the car in electric
operation. If necessary, provides extra tor-
que and power during acceleration. Pro-
vides electrical all-wheel drive functional-
ity. Recycles brake energy to electrical
energy.

Related information

•

•

Starting and stopping the combustion
engine (p. 471)

•

Economical driving (p. 480)

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Gearbox (p. 464)

The figure is schematic – parts may vary depending on car model.

All Wheel Drive

CISG (Crank Integrated Starter Generator) - Combined high-voltage generator and starter motor.

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471

Starting and stopping the

combustion engine

An advanced control system determines the
extent to which the car is driven on internal
combustion engine, electric motor or both in
parallel. During electric operation, the car
may sometimes need to start the internal
combustion engine automatically due to
external circumstances, e.g. in low outside
temperatures, which is completely normal. In
addition, the internal combustion engine
always starts when the hybrid battery rea-
ches its lowest state of charge.

Climate settings at low temperatures

In low outside temperatures, the internal com-
bustion engine sometimes starts automatically
in order to achieve the desired passenger
compartment temperature and air quality. The
amount of time that the internal combustion
engine runs can be affected by

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lowering the temperature

•

reducing the fan strength

•

activating drive mode

Pure

Electric operation in low or high
temperatures

In low or high outside temperatures, the car's
range and output for electric operation may be
reduced and affect how often the internal
combustion engine is started automatically.

Emission control

To ensure that emission control operates as
energy-efficiently as possible, the internal
combustion engine must be run for several
minutes once it has been started. The duration
of the internal combustion engine's running
time varies depending on the temperature of
the catalytic converter.

Related information

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Drive systems (p. 470)

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•

Range (p. 481)

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Drive modes

Selection of drive mode affects the car's driv-
ing characteristics in order to enhance the
driving experience and facilitate driving in
special situations.

Using the drive modes it is possible to quickly
have access to the car's numerous functions
and settings for different driving needs. Each
drive mode is adapted to provide optimum
driving characteristics:

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Steering

•

Engine/gearbox/all-wheel drive

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Brakes

•

Shock absorption

•

Driver display

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Climate settings

Select the drive mode adapted for the current
driving conditions. Remember that not all
drive modes are available in all situations.

Selectable drive modes

WARNING

Remember that the car does not emit any

engine noise when it is only powered by

the electric motor and may therefore be

difficult to notice by children, pedestrians,

cyclists and animals. This applies in partic-

ular at low speeds such as in car parks.

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WARNING

Do not leave the car in an unventilated area

with activated drive mode and the fuel-

driven engine switched off - automatic

engine start occurs at low energy level in

the hybrid battery, and the exhaust gases

could then cause serious injury to people

and animals.

Hybrid

•

This is the car's normal mode where the
electric motor and internal combustion
engine work together.

When the car starts, it is in the

Hybrid

mode.

The control system uses both the electric
motor and internal combustion engine – indi-
vidually or in parallel – and adapts use with
regard to performance, fuel consumption and
comfort. The capacity to run solely with the
electric motor depends on the hybrid battery's
energy level and, for example, the need for
heating or cooling in the passenger compart-
ment.

If high power output is available, it is possible
to drive with electrical power alone. When the
accelerator pedal is depressed, only the elec-
tric motor is activated until a certain position is
reached. The internal combustion engine
starts when this position is exceeded and the
energy level in the battery is insufficient for the
engine power that the driver requests with the
accelerator pedal.

At low energy level (hybrid battery almost
empty) the battery's energy level must be
maintained, leading to the internal combustion
engine starting more often. Charge the hybrid
battery from a 230 VAC socket with the
charging cable, or activate

Charge

in the func-

tion view in order to restore the capacity to
run on electricity alone.
The drive mode is designed for low energy
consumption with a mix of the electric motor
and the internal combustion engine, without
compromising the climate comfort and driving
experience. When higher acceleration is
required, maximum additional power from the
electric drive line is used.

The car also senses if the driving conditions
require all-wheel drive and automatically
engages it if necessary. All-wheel drive and
electric additional power are always available
regardless of the battery's state of charge.

Information in the driver display

When driving in hybrid mode the driver display
shows a hybrid gauge. The pointer in the
hybrid gauge indicates how much energy the
driver requests with the accelerator pedal. The
marking between the lightning bolt and the
drop shows how much energy is available.

The driver display for propulsion with both the elec-

tric motor and internal combustion engine.

The driver display also shows when
energy is returned to the battery
(regenerated) during light braking.

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473

Pure

•

Drive the car with electric motor, with
energy consumption as low as possible
and with lowest possible carbon dioxide
emissions.

The drive mode prioritises driving on the
hybrid battery. This means, for example, that
the output of certain climate settings is
reduced to provide the longest possible mile-
age on electric power alone.

The

Pure

mode is available when the hybrid

battery has a sufficiently high energy level. The
internal combustion engine also starts in the

Pure

mode if the energy level in the battery

falls too low. The internal combustion engine
also starts

•

if the speed exceeds 125 km/h (78 mph)

•

if the driver requests more motive force
than electric drive can provide

•

in the event of system/component limita-
tions e.g. low outside temperature.

The internal combustion engine may start
temporarily in certain driving situations
when the

Pure

drive mode is in use. This is

in order to provide the wheels with the
desired torque in driving situations that
require higher load, e.g. when driving with
a trailer or on an uphill gradient.

The drive mode is adapted for maximum range
with electric propulsion and especially devel-
oped for urban traffic.

Pure

means lowest

combustion even when the hybrid battery is
empty. The climate in the passenger compart-
ment is regulated to Eco climate, and in slip-
pery driving conditions, more wheel spin can
be permitted before all-wheel drive is acti-
vated automatically.

ECO climate control

In the

Pure

drive mode, eco climate control is

activated automatically in the passenger com-
partment in order to reduce energy consump-
tion.

Changing drive mode (p. 475)

When the

Pure

drive mode is activated,

several parameters in the climate control
system's settings are changed, and several
electricity consumer functions are reduced.
Certain settings can be reset manually, but
full functionality is only regained by leaving

Pure

drive mode or adapting

Individual

drive mode with full climate functionality.

In the event of difficulties due to misting,
press the button for max. defroster which has
normal functionality.

Constant AWD

•

Improve the car's roadholding and traction
with enhanced all-wheel drive.

The drive mode locks the car in all-wheel drive.
An adapted distribution between the front and
rear axle torque provides good traction, stabil-
ity and roadholding, for example on slippery
roads, when driving with a heavy trailer, or
when towing.

Constant AWD

drive mode is

always available regardless of the battery's
state of charge.

Both the internal combustion engine and elec-
tric motor are engaged in order to drive all four
wheels, which results in increased fuel con-
sumption.

In the car's other drive modes, the car auto-
matically adapts the need for all-wheel drive to
the road surface, and can engage the electric
motor or start the internal combustion engine
when necessary.

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Power

•

The car has sportier characteristics and
faster response to accelerating.

The drive mode adapts the combined power
from the internal combustion engine and elec-
tric motor by means of the car being driven by
both front and rear wheels. The gear changes
become faster and more distinct, and the
gearbox prioritises a gear with greater trac-
tion. Steering response is faster and shock
absorption is harder.

Both the internal combustion engine and elec-
tric motor are engaged in order to drive all four
wheels, which results in increased fuel con-
sumption.
The drive mode is adapted for maximum per-
formance and response on acceleration. It
changes the internal combustion engine's
accelerator pedal response, gear shift pattern
and boost pressure system. Chassis settings,
steering and brake response are also as good
as possible.

Power

drive mode is always avail-

able regardless of the battery's state of
charge.

The

Power

mode is also available in the

Polestar Engineered

version

Individual

•

Adapting a drive mode according to indi-
vidual preferences.

Select a drive mode to start from, and then
adjust the settings according to the desired
driving characteristics. These settings are
saved in an individual driver profile.

An individual drive mode is only available if it is
first activated in the centre display.

Settings view

for individual drive mode.

1. Press

Settings

in the top view.

2. Press

My Car

Individual Drive Mode

and select

Individual Drive Mode

3. In

Presets

, select a drive mode to start

from:

Pure

Hybrid

Power

Polestar

Engineered

Possible adjustments apply to settings for:

•

Driver Display

•

Steering Force

•

Powertrain Characteristics

•

Brake Characteristics

•

Suspension Control

•

ECO Climate

Using the electric motor or internal
combustion engine

An advanced control system determines the
extent to which the car is driven on internal
combustion engine, electric motor or both in
parallel.

The primary function is to use the engine or
motor and the available energy in the hybrid
battery as efficiently as possible, with regard
to the characteristics of the different drive
modes as well as the driver's request for
power via the accelerator pedal.

There are also cases where temporary limita-
tions in the system, or functions governed by

The figure is schematic - parts may vary depending on car model.

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legal requirements aimed at maintaining a low
level of total emissions for the car, may use
the internal combustion engine to a greater
extent.

Related information

•

•

Range (p. 481)

•

Energy distribution using map data

(p. 476)

•

Hybrid gauge (p. 86)

•

General information on electric drive
(p. 428)

•

Regenerative braking

(p. 463)

Changing drive mode

Select the drive mode adapted for the current
driving conditions.

Change the drive mode using the control in
the centre console.

Remember that not all drive modes are availa-
ble in all situations.

To change drive mode:

1. Press the drive mode control

DRIVE

MODE

> A pop-up menu is opened in the centre

display.

2. Roll the wheel upward or downward until

the desired drive mode is highlighted.

3. Press the drive mode control or tap

directly on the touch screen to confirm the
selection.
> The selected drive mode is indicated in

the driver display.

Related information

•