Volvo S90 Twin Engine (2020 year). Manual in english - page 18

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Pilot Assist

Pilot Assist can help the driver to drive the
car between the lane's side markings using
steering assistance as well as to maintain an
even speed, combined with a preselected
time interval to the vehicle ahead.

How Pilot Assist works

The Pilot Assist function is primarily intended
for use on motorways and similar major roads
where it can contribute to more comfortable
driving and a more relaxed driving experience.

The camera and radar unit measures the distance to

the vehicle ahead and detects side markings.

Camera and radar unit

Distance readers

Readers, side markings

The driver selects the desired speed and a
time interval to the vehicle ahead. Pilot Assist
scans the distance to the vehicle ahead and
the lane's side markings on the road surface
using the camera and radar unit. The preset
time interval is maintained with automatic
speed adjustment whilst the steering assis-
tance helps to position the car in the lane.

If the cornering support

function is activated,

this may also affect the speed of the car.

Pilot Assist steering assistance takes into
account the speed of the preceding car and
the lane markings. The driver can at any time
ignore the Pilot Assist steering recommenda-
tion and steer in another direction, e.g. to
change lane or avoid an obstruction on the
road.

If Pilot Assist cannot interpret the lane unam-
biguously, e.g. if the camera and radar unit
does not see the lane's side markings, Pilot
Assist temporarily deactivates steering assis-
tance, but resumes it if the lane can be inter-
preted again - although the speed and dis-
tance control functions remain active. The
steering wheel vibrates slightly when deacti-
vated temporarily in order to alert the driver to
the change.

WARNING

Pilot Assist steering assistance is automati-

cally deactivated and is resumed without

prior warning.

The current status of steering
assistance is indicated by the
colour of the steering wheel's
symbol:

• GREEN steering wheel indi-
cates active steering assis-

tance

• GREY steering wheel (as in illustration) indi-
cates deactivated steering assistance.

This function can be either standard or optional, depending on market.

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WARNING

•

The function is supplementary driver
support intended to facilitate driving
and make it safer – it cannot handle all
situations in all traffic, weather and
road conditions.

•

Driver support functions are not a sub-
stitute for the driver's attention and
judgement. The driver is always
responsible for ensuring the car is
driven in a safe manner, at the appro-
priate speed, with an appropriate dis-
tance to other vehicles, and in accord-
ance with current traffic rules and reg-
ulations.

Pilot Assist regulates the speed with accelera-
tion and braking. It is normal for the brakes to
emit a low sound when they are being used to
adjust the speed.

Pilot Assist attempts to regulate the speed
smoothly. In situations that demand sudden
braking the driver must brake himself/herself.
This applies in cases of large speed differen-
ces or if the car in front brakes suddenly. Due

to the limitations of the camera and radar unit,
braking may come unexpectedly or not at all.

Pilot Assist aims to follow the vehicle ahead in
the same lane at a time interval set by the
driver. If the radar unit cannot see any vehicle
in front then the car will instead maintain the
speed set and stored by the driver. This also
takes place if the speed of the vehicle ahead
increases and exceeds the stored speed.

IMPORTANT

Maintenance of driver support components
must only be performed at a workshop –
an authorised Volvo workshop is recom-
mended.

Round bends and when the road splits

Pilot Assist interacts with the driver, who
should therefore not wait for the steering
assistance from Pilot Assist but should always
be prepared to increase his/her own steering
input, especially in bends.

•

When the car approaches an exit or if the
lane splits, the driver should steer towards
the desired lane in order to specify the
desired direction to Pilot Assist.

Pilot Assist strives to keep the car in
the middle of the lane

When Pilot Assist helps to steer, it strives to
position the car in between the lane markings

and therefore it is recommended to let the car
find a good placement to achieve as smooth a
driving experience as possible. The driver
checks that the car is positioned safely in the
lane, and always has the ability to adjust the
position by making his/her own steering cor-
rections.

•

If Pilot Assist does not position the car in
an appropriate way in the lane, it is recom-
mended to turn Pilot Assist off or switch
to adaptive cruise control

Hands on the steering wheel

In order for Pilot Assist to function, the driver’s
hands must be on the steering wheel.

If Pilot Assist detects that the
driver is not holding the
steering wheel, the driver is
prompted after a pause to
actively steer the car, via a
symbol and a text message.

If the driver's hands still cannot be detected
on the steering wheel after a few seconds, the
prompt to actively steer the car is repeated,
supplemented by an acoustic warning signal.

If Pilot Assist cannot detect the driver's hands
on the steering wheel after a further few sec-
onds, the warning signal becomes intensive
and the steering function is deactivated. Pilot
Assist must then be restarted using the steer-
ing wheel button

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Related information

•

Selecting and activating Pilot Assist

•

(p. 312)

•

Controls and display view for Pilot Assist

•

(p. 311)

•

Symbols and messages for Pilot Assist

(p. 317)

•

Set the stored speed for driver support
(p. 320)

•

Set time interval to vehicle ahead (p. 321)

•

Change of target with driver support
(p. 319)

•

Warning from driver support in the event
of a collision risk (p. 318)

•

Automatic braking with driver support
(p. 322)

•

Overtaking Assistance (p. 326)

Controls and display view for Pilot

Assist

A summary of how Pilot Assist is controlled
using the left-hand keypad on the steering
wheel and how the function is shown in the
display.

Controls

Buttons and symbols for the function.

▶

: Switches from adaptive cruise control

to Pilot Assist

From standby mode

- activates Pilot

Assist and stores the current speed

From active mode

- deactivates/

changes Pilot Assist to standby mode

: Activates Pilot Assist from standby

mode and resumes the stored speed and
time interval

: Increases the stored speed

: Reduces stored speed

Increases the time interval to vehicles
ahead
Reduces the time interval to vehicles
ahead

◀

: Switches from Pilot Assist to adaptive

cruise control
Function symbol

Symbols for target car

Symbol for time interval to vehicles ahead

Symbol for activated/deactivated steering
assistance

This function can be either standard or optional, depending on market.

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Driver display

Indication of speeds.

Stored speed

Speed of vehicle ahead

Current speed of your car

Related information

•

Selecting and activating Pilot

Assist

Pilot Assist must first be selected and then
activated to be able to control speed and dis-
tance and to give steering assistance.

In order to start the Pilot Assist it is required
that:

•

The driver's seatbelt must be buckled and
the driver's door must be closed.

•

There must be a vehicle (the "target vehi-
cle") within reasonable distance in front of
the car, or the current speed must be at
least 15 km/h (9 mph).

•

For cars with manual gearbox. Speed
must be at the lowest 30 km/h (20 mph).

1. Press

◀

(1) or

▶

(3) to scroll to the symbol

for Pilot Assist

(4).

> The symbol is grey – Pilot Assist is in

standby mode.

2. When Pilot Assist is selected – press the

steering wheel button

(2) to activate.

> The symbol is white – Pilot Assist is

started and the current speed is stored
as maximum speed.

Reactivating Pilot Assist to last stored
speed

–

When Pilot Assist is selected – press the
steering wheel button

to activate.

> The cruise control markings and sym-

bols in the driver display change colour
from GREY to WHITE — the car will
now follow the most recently stored
speed again.

WARNING

A significant increase in speed may follow
when the speed is resumed with the

steering wheel button.

This function can be either standard or optional, depending on market.

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Note that Pilot Assist only works when the
driver has hands on the steering wheel.

Additional indicators in the driver
display

Pilot Assist only regulates the
time interval to the vehicle
ahead when the distance
symbol shows a vehicle (1)
above the steering wheel
symbol.

Pilot Assist steering assistance is only active
when the steering wheel symbol (2) has
changed from GREY to GREEN.

At the same time a speed
range is marked.

The higher speed is the
stored speed, and the lower
speed is that of the vehicle
ahead (target vehicle).

Related information

•

•

Deactivate Pilot Assist

(p. 313)

•

Deactivate Pilot Assist

Pilot Assist can be deactivated and switched
off.

1. Press the steering wheel button

(2).

> The symbol and indicators turn grey –

Pilot Assist is set in standby mode. The
indicator for time interval and symbol
for target vehicle, if activated, are also
switched off.

2. Press the steering wheel button

◀

(1) or

▶

(3) to change to another function.
> The driver display's symbol and indica-

tor for Pilot Assist (4) are switched off
– which deletes the stored maximum
speed.

WARNING

•

With Pilot Assist in standby mode, the
driver must intervene and steer, regu-
lating both speed and distance to the
vehicle ahead.

•

When Pilot Assist is in standby mode
and the car comes too close to a vehi-
cle ahead, the driver is warned of the
short distance by the distance warn-
ing

function instead.

Related information

•

Selecting and activating adaptive cruise
control

•

(p. 302)

•

Change between cruise control and adap-
tive cruise control

in the centre display

(p. 306)

•

Limitations for adaptive cruise control

(p. 305)

•

Temporary disabling of steering assistance
with Pilot Assist

This function can be either standard or optional, depending on market.

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Standby mode for Pilot Assist

Pilot Assist can be deactivated and set in
standby mode. This can take place due to
driver intervention or automatically.

Standby mode means that the function is
selected in the driver display but not activated.
In this case, Pilot Assist does not regulate the
speed or distance to the vehicle in front, or
provide steering assistance.

Standby mode on driver intervention

Pilot Assist is deactivated and set in standby
mode if any of the following occurs:

•

The foot brake is used.

•

The gear selector is moved to

position.

•

The direction indicators are used for
longer than 1 minute.

•

The driver maintains a speed higher than
the stored speed for longer than 1 minute.

•

The clutch pedal is depressed for
approx. 1 minute - applies to cars with
manual gearbox.

Automatic standby mode

Pilot Assist is dependent on other systems,
e.g. stability control/anti-skid ESC

. If any of

these other systems stops working, Pilot
Assist is deactivated automatically.

WARNING

With automatic standby mode, the driver is

warned via an acoustic signal and a mes-

sage on the driver display.

•

The driver must then regulate the car's
speed, apply the brakes as needed and
maintain a safe distance to other vehi-
cles.

Automatic standby mode may occur if, for
example:

•

the driver opens the door.

•

brake temperature is high.

•

the driver's hands are not on the steering
wheel.

•

the parking brake is applied.

•

engine speed is too low/high.

•

the driver takes off the seatbelt.

•

one or more wheels lose traction.

•

the camera and radar unit is covered by
e.g. snow or heavy rainfall (camera lens/
radio waves are blocked).

•

the speed is below 5 km/h (3 mph) and
Pilot Assist is uncertain whether the vehi-
cle ahead is a stationary vehicle or an
object, such as a speed bump.

•

the speed is below 5 km/h (3 mph) and
the vehicle ahead turns off so that Pilot
Assist no longer has a vehicle to follow.

•

speed is reduced to below 30 km/h
(20 mph) - only applies to cars with man-
ual gearbox.

Related information

•

Selecting and activating Pilot Assist

•

(p. 312)

•

Deactivate Pilot Assist

(p. 313)

•

This function can be either standard or optional, depending on market.

Electronic Stability Control

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Temporary disabling of steering

assistance with Pilot Assist

Pilot Assist steering assistance can be tem-
porarily disabled and resumed without prior
warning.

When the direction indicators are used, Pilot
Assist steering assistance is temporarily dis-
engaged. When this is no longer the case,
steering assistance is automatically reactiva-
ted if the lane's side markings can still be
detected.

If Pilot Assist is unable to interpret the lane
clearly, e.g. if the camera or radar unit is
unable to see the side markings for the lane,
Pilot Assist temporarily disables steering
assistance – speed and distance regulation
functions remain active. Steering assistance is
resumed when the lane can be interpreted
again. In these situations, slight vibration in
the steering wheel may alert the driver to the
fact that steering assistance has been deacti-
vated temporarily.

Related information

•

Selecting and activating Pilot Assist

•

(p. 312)

•

Deactivate Pilot Assist

(p. 313)

•

Limitations of Pilot Assist

The Pilot Assist function may have limitations
in certain situations.

The Pilot Assist function is an aid which can
help the driver in many situations. But the
driver is at all times responsible for maintain-
ing a safe distance to surrounding objects and
a correct position in the lane.

WARNING

In certain situations, Pilot Assist steering

assistance may have difficulty helping the

driver in the right way or it may be auto-

matically deactivated - in which case, the

use of Pilot Assist is not recommended.

Examples of such situations may be that:

•

the lane markings are worn, missing or
cross each other.

•

lane division is unclear, for example,
when the lanes divide or merge or at
exits or in the event of multiple sets of
markings.

•

edges or other lines than lane markings
are present on or near the road, e.g.
kerbs, joints or repairs to the road sur-
face, edges of barriers, roadside edges
or strong shadows.

•

the lane is narrow or winding.

•

the lane contains ridges or holes.

•

weather conditions are poor, e.g. rain,
snow or fog or slush or impaired view

This function can be either standard or optional, depending on market.

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with poor light conditions, back-light-
ing, wet road surface etc.

The driver should also note that Pilot Assist

has the following limitations:

•

High kerbs, roadside barriers, tempo-
rary obstacles (traffic cones, safety bar-
riers, etc.) are not detected. Alterna-
tively, they may be detected incorrectly
as lane markings, with a subsequent
risk of contact between the car and
such obstacles. The driver must ensure
him/herself that the car is at a suitable
distance from such obstacles.

•

The camera and radar sensor does not
have the capacity to detect all oncom-
ing objects and obstacles in traffic
environments, e.g. potholes, stationary
obstacles or objects which completely
or partially block the route.

•

Pilot Assist does not "see" pedestrians,
animals, etc.

•

The recommended steering input is
force limited, which means that it can-
not always help the driver to steer and
keep the car within the lane.

•

In cars equipped with Sensus
Navigation

, the function has the

option of using information from map
data, which may result in varied per-
formance.

•

Pilot Assist is switched off if the power
steering for speed related steering
force is working with reduced power –
e.g. during cooling due to overheating.

WARNING

Pilot Assist must only be used if there are

clear lane lines painted on each side of the

lane. All other use involves increased risk of

contact with surrounding obstacles that

cannot be detected by the function.

WARNING

•

This is not a collision avoidance sys-
tem. The driver is always responsible
and must intervene if the system does
not detect a vehicle ahead.

•

The function does not brake for
humans or animals, and not for small
vehicles such as bicycles and motorcy-
cles. Nor for low trailers, oncoming,
slow or stationary vehicles and objects.

•

Do not use the function in demanding
situations, such as in city traffic, at
junctions, on slippery surfaces, with a
lot of water or slush on the road, in
heavy rain/snow, in poor visibility, on
winding roads or on slip roads.

The driver always has the possibility of cor-
recting or adjusting a steering intervention

imposed by Pilot Assist and can turn the steer-
ing wheel to the desired position.

Steep roads and/or heavy load

Bear in mind that Pilot Assist is primarily
intended for use when driving on level road
surfaces. The function may have difficulty in
keeping the correct distance from the vehicle
ahead when driving on steep downhill slopes -
in which case, be extra attentive and ready to
brake.

Do not use Pilot Assist if the car has a heavy
load or a trailer is connected to the car.

Pilot Assist cannot be activated if a trailer,
bicycle rack or similar is connected to the
car's electrical system.

Miscellaneous

Off Road

drive mode cannot be selected

when Pilot Assist is activated.

This function uses the car's camera and
radar units, which have certain general lim-
itations.

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Related information

•

Limitations for camera and radar unit
(p. 337)

•

•

Speed-dependent steering force (p. 280)

•

Drive modes (p. 455)

Symbols and messages for

Pilot Assist

A number of symbols and messages regar-
ding Pilot Assist can be shown via the driver
display and/or the head-up display

In the following illustrative example, the road
sign information (RSI

) function informs the

driver that the maximum permitted speed is
130 km/h (80 mph).

The previous illustration shows that Pilot
Assist is set to maintain 110 km/h (68 mph)
and that there is no vehicle ahead to follow.

Pilot Assist provides no steering assistance
since the lane's side markings cannot be
detected.

The previous illustration shows that Pilot
Assist is set to maintain 110 km/h (68 mph)
and at the same time is following a vehicle
ahead which is keeping the same speed.

Pilot Assist provides no steering assistance
since the lane's side markings cannot be
detected.

This function can be either standard or optional, depending on market.

Road Sign Information

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The previous illustration shows that Pilot
Assist is set to maintain 110 km/h (68 mph)
and at the same time is following a vehicle
ahead which is keeping the same speed.

Here, Pilot Assist also provides steering assis-
tance since the lane's side markings can be
detected.

The previous illustration shows that Pilot
Assist is set to maintain 110 km/h (68 mph)
and that there is no vehicle ahead to follow.

Pilot Assist provides steering assistance as the
lane markings can be detected.

Related information

•

•

Warning from driver support in the

event of a collision risk

The driver support systems of adaptive cruise
control

and Pilot Assist

can warn the driver

if the distance to the vehicle ahead suddenly
becomes too short.

Audio and symbol for collision warning.

Acoustic warning signal in the event of a
risk of collision
Warning signal in the event of a risk of col-
lision
Distance measurement with the camera
and radar unit

Adaptive cruise control and Pilot Assist use
approx. 40% of the capacity of the foot brake.
If the car needs to be braked more heavily
than the driver support is capable of and the
driver does not brake, the warning lamp and

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acoustic warning are activated to alert the
driver that immediate intervention is required.

WARNING

The driver support systems only warn of

vehicles which their radar unit has detected

– hence a warning may not be given, or it

may be given with a certain delay. Never

wait for a warning. Apply the brakes when

the situation requires.

Symbol for collision warning on the windscreen.

In cars equipped with a head up display

, the

warning is shown on the windscreen by a
flashing symbol.

Strong sunlight, reflections, extreme light
contrasts, the use of sunglasses, or if the
driver is not looking straight ahead may
make the visual warning signal in the wind-
screen difficult to recognise.

Related information

•

•

•

•

•

Change of target with driver

support

The driver supports of adaptive cruise con-
trol

and Pilot Assist

, in combination with

automatic transmission, have a change of tar-
get function at certain speeds.

Change of target

If the target vehicle in front suddenly turns then there

may be stationary traffic in front.

When the driver supports are following
another vehicle at speeds

below

30 km/h

(20 mph) and changes target vehicle – from a
moving vehicle to a stationary vehicle – the
driver supports will slow down for the station-
ary vehicle.

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WARNING

When the driver supports are following

another vehicle at speeds

in excess of

approx. 30 km/h (20 mph) and the target

is changed from a moving vehicle to a sta-

tionary vehicle, the driver supports will

ignore

the stationary vehicle and instead

accelerate to the stored speed.

•

The driver must then intervene him/
herself and brake.

Automatic standby mode with change of
target

The driver supports are disengaged and set in
standby mode:

•

when the speed is below 5 km/h
((3 mph)) and the driver supports are
uncertain whether the target object is a
stationary vehicle or another object, such
as a speed bump.

•

when the speed is below 5 km/h
((3 mph)) and the vehicle ahead turns off
so that the driver supports no longer have
a vehicle to follow.

Related information

•

•

•

Set the stored speed for driver

support

It is possible to set stored speed for the
speed limiter, cruise control, adaptive cruise
control

and Pilot Assist

functions.

: Increases the stored speed.

: Reduces stored speed.

Stored speed.

–

Change a set speed with short presses on
the steering wheel buttons

(1) or

(2) or by pressing and holding them.

•

Short

presses: Each press changes the

speed in increments of +/- 5 km/h
(+/- 5 mph).

•

Press

and

hold

: Release the button

when the speed indicator (3) has
moved to the desired speed.

•

The speed set after the last button press is
stored in the memory.

If the driver increases the car's speed using
the accelerator pedal before pressing the
steering wheel button

(1), the speed

stored will be the car's speed when the button
is depressed, provided the driver's foot is on
the accelerator pedal at the moment when the
button is depressed.

A temporary increase in speed with the accel-
erator pedal, e.g. during overtaking, does not
affect the setting - the car returns to the last
stored speed when the accelerator pedal is
released.

Automatic gearbox

The driver support functions can follow
another vehicle at speeds from 0 km/h up to
200 km/h (125 mph).

Pilot Assist can give steering assistance from
almost stationary up to 140 km/h (87 mph).

Note that the lowest programmable speed is
30 km/h (20 mph) – even though it is capable
of following another vehicle down to 0 km/h, a
speed lower than 30 km/h (20 mph) cannot
be selected/stored.

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Manual gearbox

the driver support functions can follow
another vehicle at speeds from 30 km/h
(20 mph) up to 200 km/h (125 mph).

Pilot Assist can give steering assistance from
30 km/h (20 mph) up to 140 km/h (87 mph).

The lowest programmable speed is 30 km/h
(20 mph) – the maximum speed is 200 km/h
(125 mph).

Related information

•

•

Speed limiter (p. 290)

•

Cruise control (p. 297)

•

•

Set time interval to vehicle ahead

It is possible to set the time interval to the
vehicle ahead to be maintained by the adap-
tive cruise control

, Pilot Assist

and Distance

Warning

functions.

Different time intervals to the
vehicle in front can be
selected and shown in the
driver display as 1-5 horizon-
tal lines - the more lines the
longer the time interval. One
line represents about 1 sec-

ond to the vehicle in front, 5 lines represents
about 3 seconds.

When the symbol in the driver display
shows a car and a steering wheel, Pilot
Assist follows a vehicle in front at a preset
time gap.

When only one steering wheel is shown,
there is no vehicle within a reasonable dis-
tance ahead.

When the symbol in the driver display
shows two cars, ACC is following the vehi-
cle in front at a pre-set time interval.

When only one car is shown, there is no
vehicle within a reasonable distance ahead.

Control for time interval.

Decrease time interval

Increase time interval

Distance indicator

–

Press the steering wheel button (1) or (2)
to increase or decrease the time interval.
> The distance indicator (3) shows the

current time interval.

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The adaptive cruise control allows the time
interval to vary significantly in certain situa-
tions in order to allow the car to follow the
vehicle in front smoothly and comfortably. At
low speed, when the distances are short, the
adaptive cruise control increases the time
interval slightly.

•

The higher the speed the longer the
calculated distance in metres for a
given time interval.

•

Only use the time intervals permitted
by local traffic regulations.

•

If the driver supports do not seem to
respond with a speed increase when
activated, it may be because the time
window to the vehicle ahead is shorter
than the set time window.

WARNING

•

Only use a time window that suits the
current traffic conditions.

•

The driver should be aware that short
time windows limit the amount of time
available to react and take action in an
unexpected traffic situation.

Related information

•

•

•

•

•

Automatic braking with driver

support

The driver supports of adaptive cruise con-
trol

and Pilot Assist

have a special brake

function in slow traffic and while stationary.

Brake function in slow queues and
while stationary

For shorter stops in connection with inching in
slow traffic or at traffic lights, driving is auto-
matically resumed if the stops do not exceed
approx. 3 seconds - if it takes longer before
the vehicle in front starts moving again then
the driver support function is set in standby
mode with automatic braking.

–

The function is reactivated in one of the
following ways:

•

Press the steering wheel button

•

Depress the accelerator pedal.

> The function resumes following the

vehicle ahead if it starts moving for-
ward within approx. 6 seconds.

WARNING

A significant increase in speed may follow
when the speed is resumed with the

steering wheel button.

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WARNING

Driver supports only warn of obstacles

which their radar unit has detected –

hence a warning may not be given, or it

may be given with a certain delay.

•

Never wait for a warning or interven-
tion. Apply the brakes when the situa-
tion requires.

The driver supports can hold the car sta-
tionary for a maximum of 5 minutes – then
the parking brake is applied and the func-
tion is disengaged.

Before the driver supports can be reactiva-
ted, the parking brake must be released.

Cessation of automatic braking

In some situations, automatic braking ceases
on coming to a standstill and the function is
set in standby mode. This means that the
brakes are released and the car may start to
roll - the driver must therefore intervene and
brake the car himself/herself to keep it station-
ary.

This may take place in the following situations:

•

the driver puts his/her foot on the brake
pedal

•

the parking brake is applied

•

the gear selector is moved to

, or

position

•

the driver sets the function in the standby
mode.

Automatic activation of parking brake

In certain situations, the parking brake is
applied in order to keep the car stationary.

This takes place if the function is holding the
car stationary with the foot brake and:

•

the driver opens the door or takes off
his/her seatbelt

•

the function has kept the car stationary for
more than approx. 5 minutes

•

the brakes have overheated

•

the driver switches the engine off man-
ually.

Related information

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Brake functions (p. 439)

Drive mode for driver support

The driver can select different driving styles
for how driver support should maintain the
preset time interval to the vehicle ahead.

Selection is made via the drive mode control

DRIVE MODE

Select one of the following options:

•

Pure

– The driver support focuses on

good fuel economy, which means longer
time interval to the vehicle ahead.

•

Hybrid

– The driver support focuses on

following the set time interval to the vehi-
cle ahead as smoothly as possible.

•

Power

– The driver support focuses on

following the set time interval to the vehi-
cle ahead more closely, which in certain
cases may mean heavier acceleration and
braking.

Related information

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