Toyota FJ Cruiser (GSJ 10, 15 series). Instruction - part 21

1GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM  –  SFI SYSTEM

ES–39

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DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM

1.

DESCRIPTION
When troubleshooting OBD II (On-Board Diagnostics) 
vehicles, an intelligent tester (complying with SAE 
J1987) must be connected to the DLC3 (Data Link 
Connector 3) of the vehicle. Various data in the vehicle's 
ECM (Engine Control Module) can be then read.
OBD II regulations require that the vehicle's on-board 
computer illuminates the MIL (Malfunction Indicator 
Lamp) on the instrument panel when the computer 
detects a malfunction in:
(a) The emission control systems and components
(b) The power train control components (which affect 

vehicle emissions)

(c) The computer itself

In addition, the applicable DTCs (Diagnostic Trouble 
Codes) prescribed by SAE J2012 are recorded on 3 
consecutive trips, the MIL turns off automatically but 
the DTCs remain recorded in the ECM memory.
To check DTCs, connect an intelligent tester to the 
DLC3. The tester displays DTCs, freeze frame data, 
and a variety of engine data. The DTCs and freeze 
frame data can be erased with the tester (See page 

ES-38

).

In order to enhance OBD function on vehicles and 
develop the Off-Board diagnosis system, CAN 
communication is introduced in this system (CAN: 
Controller Area Network). It minimizes a gap 
between technician skills and vehicle technology. 
CAN is a network, which uses a pair of data 
transmission lines, spanning multiple computers 
and sensors. It allows a high speed communication 
between the systems and to simplify the wire 
harness connection.
Since this system is equipped with the CAN 
communication, connecting the CAN VIM (VIM: 
Vehicle Interface Module) with an intelligent tester is 
necessary to display any information from the ECM. 
(Also the communication between an intelligent 
tester and the ECM uses CAN communication 
signals.) When confirming the DTCs and any data of 
the ECM, connect the CAN VIM between the DLC3 
and an intelligent tester.

2.

NORMAL MODE AND CHECK MODE
The diagnosis system operates in normal mode during 
normal vehicle use. In normal mode, 2 trip detection 
logic is used to ensure accurate detection of 
malfunctions. Check mode is also available as an option 
for technicians. In check mode, 1 trip detection logic is 
used for simulating malfunction symptoms and 
increasing the system's ability to detect malfunctions, 
including intermittent problems (intelligent tester only) 
(See page 

ES-13

).

FI00534E01

Intelligent Tester

DLC3

CAN VIM

H102157E03

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1GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM  –  SFI SYSTEM

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3.

2 TRIP DETECTION LOGIC
When a malfunction is first detected, the malfunction is 
temporarily stored in the ECM memory (1st trip). If the 
same malfunction is detected during the next 
subsequent drive cycle, the MIL is illuminated (2nd trip).

4.

FREEZE FRAME DATA
Freeze frame data record the engine condition (fuel 
system, calculated engine load, engine coolant 
temperature, fuel trim, engine speed, vehicle speed, 
etc.) when malfunctions are detected. When 
troubleshooting, freeze frame data can help determine if 
the vehicle was moving or stationary, if the engine was 
warmed up or not, if the air-fuel ratio was lean or rich, 
and other data, from the time the malfunction occurred.

5.

DLC3 (Data Link Connector 3)
The vehicle's ECM uses the ISO 15765-4 for 
communication protocol. The terminal arrangement of 
the DLC3 complies with SAE J1962 and matches the 
ISO 15765-4 format.

NOTICE:
*: Before measuring the resistance, leave the vehicle 
as is for at least 1 minute and do not operate the 
ignition switch, any other switches or the doors.
HINT:
The DLC3 is the interface prepared for reading various 
data from the vehicle's ECM. After connecting the cable 
of an intelligent tester, turn the ignition switch ON and 
turn the tester ON. If a communication failure message is 
displayed on the tester screen (on the tester: UNABLE 
TO CONNECT TO VEHICLE), a problem exists in either 
the vehicle or tester. In order to identify the location of 
the problem, connect the tester to another vehicle.
If communication is normal: Inspect the DLC3 on the 
original vehicle.

CG SG

BAT

SIL

CANH

CANL

H100769E16

Symbols

Terminal No.

Names

Reference terminals

Results

Conditions

SIL

7

Bus "+" line

5 - Signal ground

Pulse generation

During transmission

CG

4

Chassis ground

Body ground

1 

Ω or less

Always

SG

5

Signal ground

Body ground

1 

Ω or less

BAT

16

Battery positive

Body ground

11 to 14 V

CANH

6

CAN "High" line

CANL

54 to 69 

Ω

Ignition switch OFF *

Battery positive

6 k

Ω or higher

CG

200 

Ω or higher

CANL

14

CAN "Low" line

Battery positive

6 k

Ω or higher

CG

200 

Ω or higher

1GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM  –  SFI SYSTEM

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If communication is impossible: The problem is probably 
with the tester itself. Consult the Service Department 
listed in the instruction manual.

6.

BATTERY VOLTAGE
Standard Voltage:

11 to 14 V

If the voltage is below 11 V, recharge the battery before 
proceeding.

7.

MIL (Malfunction Indicator Lamp)
(a) The MIL is illuminated when the ignition switch is 

first turned ON (the engine is not running).

(b) The MIL should turn off when the engine is started. 

If the MIL remains illuminated, the diagnosis system 
has detected a malfunction or abnormality in the 
system.
HINT:
If the MIL is not illuminated when the ignition switch 
is first turned ON, check the MIL circuit (See page 

ES-404

).

8.

ALL READINESS
(a) For the vehicle, using the intelligent tester allows 

readiness codes corresponding to all DTCs to be 
read. When diagnosis (normal or malfunctioning) 
has been complete, readiness codes are set. Select 
the following menu items: ENHANCED OBD II / 
MONITOR INFO on the intelligent tester.

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1GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM  –  SFI SYSTEM

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DTC CHECK / CLEAR

NOTICE:
When the diagnosis system is changed from normal 
mode to check mode or vice versa, all DTCs and freeze 
frame data recorded in normal mode are erased. Before 
changing modes, always check and make a note of DTCs 
and freeze frame data.
HINT:
•

DTCs which are stored in the ECM can be displayed on an 
intelligent tester. An intelligent tester can display current 
and pending DTCs.

•

Some DTCs are not set if the ECM does not detect the 
same malfunction again during a second consecutive 
driving cycle. However, such malfunctions, detected on 
only one occasion, are stored as pending DTCs.

1.

CHECK DTC (Using an intelligent tester)
(a) Connect an intelligent tester to the DLC3.
(b) Turn the ignition switch ON.
(c) Turn the tester ON.
(d) Select the following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / 

ENHANCED OBD II / DTC INFO / CURRENT 
CODES.

(e) Check the DTC(s) and freeze frame data, and then 

write them down.

(f)

Check the details of the DTC(s) (See page 

ES-57

).

2.

CLEAR DTC (Using an intelligent tester)
(a) Connect an intelligent tester to the DLC3.
(b) Turn the ignition switch ON.
(c) Turn the tester ON.
(d) Select the following menu items: DIAGNOSIS / 

ENHANCED OBD II / DTC INFO / CLEAR CODES.

(e) Press the YES button.

3.

CLEAR DTC (Without using an intelligent tester)
(a) Perform either one of the following operations.

(1) Disconnect the negative battery cable for more 

than 1 minute.

(2) Remove the EFI and ETCS fuses from the Relay 

Block (R/B) located inside the engine 
compartment for more than 1 minute.

Intelligent Tester

DLC3

CAN VIM

H102157E03