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содержание .. 24 25 26 27 ..
2.28
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɜɵ³
ɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɜɢɠɟ³
ɧɢɹ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
ɫɨ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ
,
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɜɵ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢ
;
ɞɚɧɧɚɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ
.
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɞɨɥ³
ɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ
ɜɵɲɟ
30
ɤɦ
/
ɱ
.
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɞɨ
-
ɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ
,
ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɸɳɢɦ
ɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ
.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɷɬɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɧɟ
ɡɚɦɟ
-
ɧɹɟɬ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
.
ȿɟ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɧɢ
ɜ
ɤɨɟɣ
ɦɟɪɟ
ɧɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɨɬɦɟɧɢɬɶ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟ
-
ɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨ
-
ɫɬɢ
,
ɛɵɬɶ
ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
(
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɡɚɬɨɪɦɨ
-
ɡɢɬɶ
)
ɢ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɧɚ
ɞɨɪɨɝɟ
.
ɇɟ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɜ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ
ɞɨɪɨɠ
-
ɧɨɝɨ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
,
ɧɚ
ɢɡɜɢɥɢɫɬɨɣ
ɢɥɢ
ɫɤɨɥɶɡɤɨɣ
ɞɨɪɨɝɟ
(
ɩɪɢ
ɝɨɥɨɥɟɞɟ
,
ɧɚ
ɞɨɪɨɝɟ
,
ɩɨɤɪɵɬɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɣ
,
ɧɚ
ɝɪɚɜɢɣɧɨɦ
ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɢ
)
ɢ
ɩɪɢ
ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ
ɩɨ
-
ɝɨɞɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
(
ɬɭɦɚɧ
,
ɞɨɠɞɶ
,
ɛɨɤɨ
-
ɜɨɣ
ɜɟɬɟɪ
ɢ
ɬ
.
ɩ
.).
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨ
-
ɫɬɢ
ɧɟ
ɜɥɢɹɟɬ
ɧɚ
ɪɚɛɨɬɭ
ɬɨɪ
-
ɦɨɡɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
.
Ɉɪɝɚɧɵ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
1
Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
©ȼ
ɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
/
ɜ
ɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ª
.
2
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
,
ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ
ɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟ
-
ɧɢɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
(+).
3
ɉɨɲɚɝɨɜɨɟ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
(-).
4
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɫ
ɜɵɡɨɜɨɦ
ɢɡ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨ
-
ɫɬɢ
(R).
5
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɜ
ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ
ºɫ
ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟɦ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
) (O).
ɊȿȽɍɅəɌɈɊ
/
ɈȽɊȺɇɂɑɂɌȿɅɖ
ɋɄɈɊɈɋɌɂ
:
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
(1/4)
2
3
5
4
1
2.29
ȼɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɡɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ
ɜ
ɩɚɦɹɬɶ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚ
-
ɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ȼɵ
ɦɨɠɟɬɟ
ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ
ɩɟɞɚɥɶ
ɚɤ
-
ɫɟɥɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ
.
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
:
ɦɵ
ɪɟ
-
ɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦ
ɜɫɟ
ɠɟ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ
ɧɨɝɢ
ɜɛɥɢɡɢ
ɩɟɞɚɥɟɣ
ɧɚ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣ
ɧɟɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢ
-
ɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɧɚ
ɞɨɪɨɝɟ
.
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
(
ɜɵɲɟ
30
ɤɦ
/
ɱ
)
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɧɚ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
2
(+):
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
,
ɢ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚɧɨ
-
ɫɢɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɩɚɦɹɬɶ
.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɦɟɫɬɨ
ɬɢɪɟ
,
ɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɣ ɥɚɦ³
ɩɨɣ
7
ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ
ɰɜɟɬɚ
ɜ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟ
ɧɢɟ ɤ ɫɢɝ³
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɥɚɦɩɟ
6
.
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
1
ɫɨ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
.
ɋɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɥɚɦɩɚ
6
ɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɫɹ
ɡɟɥɟ
-
ɧɵɦ
ɰɜɟɬɨɦ
,
ɚ
ɧɚ
ɳɢɬɤɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
ɩɨɹ
-
ɜɢɬɫɹ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ
«
ɄɊɍɂɁ
-
ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖ
»
(
ɪ
ɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ
)
ɢ
ɡɧɚɤɢ
ɬɢɪɟ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɪɨ
-
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ȼɚɫ
ɨɛ
ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ
ɫɢ
-
ɫɬɟɦɵ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
(
ɤɪɭɢɡ
-
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
)
ɢ
ɨ
ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ
ɡɚɩɢɫɶ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
.
ɊȿȽɍɅəɌɈɊ
/
ɈȽɊȺɇɂɑɂɌȿɅɖ
ɋɄɈɊɈɋɌɂ
:
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
(2/4)
6
7
2
3
1
2.30
ɊȿȽɍɅəɌɈɊ
/
ɈȽɊȺɇɂɑɂɌȿɅɖ
ɋɄɈɊɈɋɌɂ
:
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
(3/4)
ɉɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
,
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
Ɂɚɞɚɧɧɚɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɟ
-
ɜɵɲɟɧɚ
ɜ
ɥɸɛɨɣ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ
ɧɚ
ɩɟɞɚɥɶ
ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ
.
ɉɨɤɚ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɟ
-
ɜɵɲɟɧɚ
,
ɧɚ
ɳɢɬɤɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
ɦɢɝɚɟɬ
ɩɨ
-
ɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
,
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ
ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ
ɩɟɞɚɥɶ
ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ
:
ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ
ɚɜɬɨ
-
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɜɟɪɧɟɬɫɹ
ɤ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ
-
ɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
.
ɋɥɭɱɚɢ´ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɪɭɬɨɦ ɫɩɭɫɤɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨ³
ɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫ³
ɬɟ
ɦɨɣ
:
ɜ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɧɚ ɳɢɬɤɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
ɦɢɝɚɟɬ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚ
ɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ± ɢɧ³
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ
ȼɚɫ
ɨɛ
ɷɬɨɦ
.
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
ȼɵ
ɦɨɠɟɬɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ
ɫɤɨ
-
ɪɨɫɬɶ
,
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɧɚɠɢɦɚɹ
ɧɚ
:
–
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
2
(+)
ɞɥɹ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨ
-
ɪɨɫɬɢ
,
–
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
3
(-)
ɞɥɹ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨ
-
ɫɬɢ
ɧɟ
ɜɥɢɹɟɬ
ɧɚ
ɪɚɛɨɬɭ
ɬɨɪ
-
ɦɨɡɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
.
2
3
2.31
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ȿɫɥɢ
ɜɵ
ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɬɟ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
1
,
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɨɬɦɟɧɟɧɚ
ɛɟɡ ɫɨɯɪɚ
ɧɟɧɢɹ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
.
ȼɵɤ
³
ɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɥɚɦɩ
ɢ
ɧɚ
ɳɢɬɤɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟ
ɧɢɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
.
ȼɵɡɨɜ
ɢɡ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
Ɂɚɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɟ
ɜ
ɩɚɦɹɬɶ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ
,
ɟɫɥɢ
ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɷɬɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ
(
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
,
ɫɨ
-
ɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɞɨɪɨɝɢ
,
ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɢ
ɬ
.
ɞ
.).
ȿɫɥɢ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
ɜɵɲɟ
30
ɤɦ
/
ɱ
,
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɧɚ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
4
(R).
ɉɪɢ
ɜɵɡɨɜɟ
ɢɡ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
,
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɥɚɦɩɵ
.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɪɚɧɟɟ
ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɬɟɤɭ
-
ɳɭɸ
,
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ
ɧɚɱɧɟɬ
ɪɟɡɤɨ
ɪɚɡɝɨ
-
ɧɹɬɶɫɹ
,
ɩɨɤɚ
ɧɟ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚ
-
ɱɟɧɢɹ
.
ɉɪɢ
ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɜ
ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ
,
ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
2
(+)
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɪɚɛɨɬɭ
содержание .. 24 25 26 27 ..
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