|
|
|
содержание .. 6 7 8 9 ..
1.30
ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ
ȾȿɌȿɃ
:
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
,
ɨɛɳɢɟ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
(1/2)
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ
ɫɢɞɟɧɢɣ
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚ
-
ɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟ
ɧɚ
ɜɫɟ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
¶
ɇɚ
ɫɯɟɦɚɯ
ɧɚ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ
ɩɨ
-
ɤɚɡɚɧɵ
ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢ
-
ɞɟɧɶɹ
¶
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ
ɬɢɩɵ
ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ
ɫɢɞɟɧɢɣ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜ
ɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ
.
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ
ɱɟɦ
ɢɫ
-
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɞɪɭɝɨɟ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
,
ɨɛ
-
ɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ
ɤ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɭɡɧɚɬɶ
,
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɥɢ
ɨɧɨ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
.
ɇɚ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɦ
ɦɟɫɬɟ
Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɚɤɬɵ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧ
ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɫɜɨɢ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜ
ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɬɪɟɛɨ
-
ɜɚɧɢɣ
ɤ
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟ
ɞɟɬɟɣ
¶
Ɉɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶ
ɫ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɢ
ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ
ɫɯɟɦ
ɧɚ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ
¶
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ
ɱɟɦ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧ
ɶ
ɟ
ɧɚ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ
(
ɟɫɥɢ
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɨ
):
–
ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ
ɪɟɦɟɧɶ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɨ
ɤɨɧɰɚ
;
–
ɨɬɨɞɜɢɧɶɬɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
ɧɚɡɚɞ
ɞɨ
ɭɩɨɪɚ
;
–
ɫɥɟɝɤɚ
ɧɚɤɥɨɧɢɬɟ
ɫɩɢɧɤɭ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɩɨ
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ
(
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
ɧɚ
25°);
–
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ
ɩɨɞɭɲɤɭ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɜ ɦɚɤɫɢ³
ɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɜɟɪɯɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ºɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢ³
ɱɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟµ
.
ȼɨ
ɜɫɟɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɞɧɹɬɶ
ɩɨɞɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɤ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛ
-
ɪɚɡɨɦ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɧ
ɧɟ
ɤɚɫɚɥɫɹ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢ
-
ɞɟɧɶɹ
(
ɫɦ
.
ɩɭɧɤɬ
«
ɉɨɞɝɨɥɨɜ
ɧɢɤɢª ɜ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
1).
ɋ Ɇ ȿ Ɋ Ɍ ȿ Ʌ ɖ ɇ Ⱥ ə
ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ
ɂɅɂ
ɊɂɋɄ
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə
ɌəɀȿɅɕɏ
ɌɊȺȼɆ
!
ɉɟɪɟɞ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɧɚ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
ɩɟɪɟɞ
-
ɧɟɝɨ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɞɭɲ³
ɤɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ºɫɦ¶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ©Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɞɟɬɟɣ» ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɭɲ³
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɫɞɜɢɧɭɬɶ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
ɜɩɟɪɟɞ
(
ɞɥɹ
ɬɨɝɨ
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ
ɞɨ
-
ɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ
ɡɚɞɧɢɯ
ɫɢɞɟɧɢɣ
ɢɥɢ
ɞɥɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɞɟɬ
-
ɫɤɢɯ
ɫɢɞɟɧɢɣ
).
Ⱦɟɬɫɤɨɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
,
ɭɫɬɚ
-
ɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ
ɫɩɢɧɤɨɣ
ɩɨ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
,
ɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɫɨɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹ
ɫ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɨɣ
ɩɚɧɟɥɶɸ
ɢɥɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜ
ɤɪɚɣɧɟɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
.
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɧɟ
ɦɟ
-
ɧɹɣɬɟ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
.
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɧɚ
ɡɚɞɧɟɦ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
.
ɉ
ɪɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɞɟ³
ɧɶɹ
ɜ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟ
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ± ɱɬɨ
ɨɧɨ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɨ
.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɫɧɹɬɶ
ɩɨɞɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɤ
,
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɨɧ
ɭɛɪɚɧ
ɜ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɟ
ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɢ
ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɫɧɚɪɹɞ
ɩɪɢ
ɪɟɡɤɨɦ
ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɢɥɢ
ɭɞɚɪɟ
.
ɇɚɞɟɠɧɨ
ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɟ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
,
ɞɚɠɟ
ɟɫɥɢ
ȼɵ
ɧɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɟ
ɟɝɨ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɧɨ
ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɥɨɫɶ
ɜ
ɫɧɚɪɹɞ
ɩɪɢ
ɪɟɡɤɨɦ
ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɢɥɢ
ɭɞɚɪɟ
.
ɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚª±
ɝɥɚɜɚ ²µ¶
1.31
ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ
ȾȿɌȿɃ
:
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
,
ɨɛɳɢɟ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
(2/2)
ɇɚ
ɡɚɞɧɟɦ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
Ʌɸɥɶɤɚ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɤ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨ
-
ɛɢɥɹ
ɢ
ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ
ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ
ɞɜɚ
ɦɟɫɬɚ
.
ɍɥɨɠɢɬɟ
ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ
ɝɨɥɨɜɨɣ
ɜ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨ
-
ɥɨɠɧɭɸ
ɨɬ
ɞɜɟɪɢ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɫɞɜɢɧɶɬɟ
ɜɩɟɪɟɞ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ
ɤɪɟɫɥɨ
ɫɩɢɧɤɨɣ
ɜɩɟɪɟɞ
,
ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɫɞɜɢɧɶɬɟ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
ɧɚɡɚɞ
,
ɧɨ
ɬɚɤ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɧɨ
ɧɟ
ɤɚɫɚɥɨɫɶ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɪɟɫɥɚ
.
ɑɬɨɛɵ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ
,
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɢɦɨɝɨ
ɜ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɦ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
ɩɨ
ɧɚ
-
ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
,
ɧɟ
ɨɬɨɞɜɢɝɚɣɬɟ
ɩɟ
-
ɪɟɞɧɟɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
ɞɚɥɶɲɟ
ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ
ɯɨɞɚ
ɫɚɥɚɡɨɤ
,
ɧɟ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɧɚɤɥɨɧɹɣɬɟ
ɟɝɨ
ɫɩɢɧɤɭ
(25°
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ
)
ɢ
ɩɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ
ɟɝɨ
ɤɚɤ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɜɵɲɟ
.
ȼɨ
ɜɫɟɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɫɧɢɦɚɬɶ
ɩɨɞɝɨ
-
ɥɨɜɧɢɤ
ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
,
ɧɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɭɫɬɚ
-
ɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ
ɤɪɟɫɥɨ
(
ɫɦ
.
ɪɚɡɞɟɥ
«
Ɂɚɞɧɢɟ
ɩɨɞɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɤɢ
»,
ɝɥɚɜɚ
3).
ɗɬɨ
ɧɟ
-
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɞɟɥɚɬɶ
ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ
ɞɟɬ
-
ɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɪɟɫɥɚ
.
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ
-
ɥɟɧɧɨɟ
ɩɨ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
,
ɨɩɢ
-
ɪɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚ
ɫɩɢɧɤɭ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
.
Ⱦɟɬɫɤɨɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
ɫ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ
ɫɬɨɣɤɚɦɢ
ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɭɫɬɚ
³
ɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚ
ɡɚɞɧɟɟ
ɫɪɟɞ
³
ɧɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ¶
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɨɩɚɫ±
ɧɨɫɬɶ
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ
ɬɪɚɜɦ
ɢɥɢ
ɥɟɬɚɥɶ
±
ɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɯɨɞɚ
.
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ
ɫɢ
-
ɞɟ
ɧɶɟ
ɢɥɢ
ɧɨɝɢ
ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ
ɧɟ
ɩɪɟ
ɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɣ
ɮɢɤ
-
ɫɚ
ɰɢɢ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
.
º&ɦ¶
ɪɚɡɞɟɥ
«
Ⱦɟɬɫɤ
ɢɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶ
ɹ
»,
ɝɥɚɜɚ
1
µ
.
ɉɪɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢ
-
ɞɟɧɶɹ
(
ɛɭɫɬɟɪɚ
ɝɪɭɩɩ
2
ɢɥɢ
3)
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪ
ɚɛɨɬɵ ºɧɚɦɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟµ ɪɟɦɧɟɣ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
:
ɫɦ
.
ɪɚɡɞɟɥ
©Ɋɟɦɧɢ ɛɟɡ³
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚɞɧɢɯ
ɫɢɞɟɧɢɣª ɜ ɝɥɚɜɟ ²¶
ɉɪɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬɪɟɝɭ
ɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨ³
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨ
ɛɢɥɹ¶
1.32
ȾȿɌɋɄɂȿ
ɋɂȾȿɇɖə
:
ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɪɟɦɧɟɦ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
(1/3)
Ɍɢɩ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ȼɟɫ
ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ
Ɇɟɫɬɨ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ
(1)
Ɂɚɞɧɢɟ
ɛɨɤɨɜɵɟ
ɦɟɫɬɚ
Ɂɚɞɧɟɟ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ
ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɉɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɚɹ
ɥɸɥɶɤɚ
Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ
0
< 10
ɤɝ
X
U (3)
X
ɋɢɞɟɧɶɟ
ɤɨɪɡɢɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɬɢɩɚ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟ
-
ɧɢɹ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ
0
ɢɥɢ
0 +
< 10
ɤɝ
ɢ
< 13
ɤɝ
U (2)
U (4)
U (4)
ɋɢɞɟɧɶɟ
ɤɨɪɡɢɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɢɥɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɬ
ɢɩɚ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟ
ɧɢɹ
Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ
0+
ɢ
1
< 13
ɤɝ
ɢ
9-18
ɤɝ
U (2)
U (4)
U (4)
ɋɢɞɟɧɶɟ
ɩɨ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟ
-
ɧɢɸ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ
1
9 - 18
ɤɝ
X
U (5)
U (5)
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ
ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ
Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ
2
ɢ
3
15-25
ɤɝ
ɢ
22-36
ɤɝ
X
U (5)
X
(1)
ɋɆȿɊɌȿɅɖɇȺə
ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ
ɂɅɂ
ɊɂɋɄ
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə
ɌəɀȿɅɕɏ
ɌɊȺȼɆ
!
ɉɟɪɟɞ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ
ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɹ
ɧɚ
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ
(
ɫɦ
.
ɪɚɡɞɟɥ
«
Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɞɟɬɟɣ
:
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟ
³
ɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚ
»,
ɝɥɚɜɚ
1).
ȼ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ
ɦɵ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɦ
ɧɢɠɟ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ
,
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɭɸ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ
,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ
ɧɚ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ
.
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
|